Izinto ezi-5 okufanele uzazi ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto kagesi.

Okuqukethwe

1. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto zikagesi (EV - Electric Vechicle)
2. Uhla lwezimoto zikagesi.
- - Khumbula ukuthi ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi buthonywa:
- Ingakanani imayela engingayithola ngokushayela imoto kagesi ngokujwayelekile?
  - Imayela lemoto kagesi
3. Iziteshi zokushaja.
- - Uma ngishayela imoto yami ngaphansi kweshaja engu-100 kWh, ingabe ibhethri lami elingu-50 kWh lizoshaja ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-100% emizuzwini engu-30?

Ingabe ucabanga ukuthenga imoto kagesi? Ingabe udidekile ngokuthi iyini i-hybrid, iyini i-plug-in hybrid, futhi ihluke kanjani kumoto kagesi? Noma mhlawumbe wesaba imayela eliphansi kakhulu elinikezwa izimoto zikagesi? Lokhu okuthunyelwe kufanele kukuchazele izinto eziningi emhlabeni we-electromobility.

1. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto zikagesi (EV - Electric Vechicle)

IHybrid = Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi + Injini kagesi.

Izimoto ezixubile zisebenzisa zombili izinjini ngokushintshana, futhi kukuyo imoto ukuthi inquma ukuthi izosebenzisa nini injini kagesi, ukuthi izosebenzisa nini injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, nokuthi isetshenziswa nini injini kagesi ukusekela injini evuthayo yangaphakathi - ikakhulukazi esiminyaminya edolobheni. Kwezinye izimoto kungenzeka ukunika amandla imodi yokushayela kagesi, noma kunjalo, ububanzi obungatholakala buncane ku-2-4 km, futhi kuma-motor kagesi kukhona umkhawulo wesivinini esiphezulu, ngokuvamile 40-50 km /. ihora Amabhethri alezi zimoto ashajwa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka lapho ugesi ubuyiselwa, kodwa amabhethri awakwazi ukushajwa nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Izinzuzo zezimoto ezihlanganisiwe ziyabonakala edolobheni, lapho ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphansi kakhulu kunezimoto ezivuthayo.

I-plug-in hybrid = Injini evuthayo + injini kagesi + ibhethri.

Izimoto ze-PHEV noma ama-Plug-in Hybrids (I-Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vechicle). Kuhlale kuyimoto enenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (uphethiloli noma udizili) kanye nekagesi, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza kwalezi zinjini. Kunezimoto ze-PHEV lapho injini kagesi ishayela i-asi yangemuva kanye nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi eshayela i-asi yangaphambili. Lezi zinjini zingasebenza ngokwehlukana, isibonelo, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuphela noma injini kagesi kuphela, kodwa futhi ingasebenza ndawonye, futhi injini kagesi isekela injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Isibonelo semoto i-plug-in yakwaVolvo V60.

Ukuqhubeka kwalo mbono kuyimoto enezinjini ezimbili, kodwa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngenkathi ushayela ingaphinda ishaje amabhethri ngenkathi ushayela. Le modeli eyi-hybrid yethulwe ngabakwaMitsubishi Outlander PHEV.

Omunye umqondo we-hybrid ukufaka injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nenjini kagesi, kodwa injini kagesi edlulisela amandla emasondweni, kuyilapho injini yomlilo isebenza njengejeneretha. Ngakho, lapho amandla agcinwe kumabhethri ephela, injini evuthayo iyaqala, kodwa ingawakhiqizi amandla emasondweni. Lokhu kuzoba yindlela yokukhiqiza ugesi ukunika amandla injini kagesi kanye namabhethri. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu ukusetshenziswa ukonga kakhulu injini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Isibonelo semoto enjalo yi-Opel Ampera.

Kunjalo, kuma-plug-in hybrids, singashaja amabhethri kusukela kumthombo wamandla wangaphandle weshaja. Ezinye izimoto ezifakiwe zivumela ngisho namashaja asheshayo e-DC!

Ibanga likagesi liyahlukahluka ngemoto kanye nesitayela sokushayela. Ngokujwayelekile isuka ku-30 kuya ku-80 km isebenzisa injini kagesi.

Imoto kagesi = Imoto kagesi + ibhethri

Izimoto zikagesi noma izimoto zikagesi (noma i-BEV - I-Battery Electric Vechicle) izimoto ezingenawo amamotho kagesi. Ububanzi bawo buncike kumthamo wamabhethri, avezwa nge-kWh (amahora e-kilowatt), kancane kancane kokuthi Ah (amahora ama-ampere), nakuba womabili elungile, elokuqala lisebenziseka kalula. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimoto zihlinzeka ngolwazi lokushayela oluhluke ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezivuthayo. Ngincoma ukuthi uzame wena futhi usebenzise ukwabelana ngemoto kuqala.

2. Uhla lwezimoto zikagesi.

Lesi yisici esinqumayo, kodwa futhi ukwesaba okukhulu uma ubhekene nokuthenga imoto kagesi. Konke kuncike ekutheni uhlela ukugibela malini futhi kanjani ngosuku. Ngokuvumelana ne Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Esihlanganyelwe , abashayeli abangaphezu kuka-80% e-European Union bashayela ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha angu-65 phakathi nosuku. Ungayishiyi imoto kagesi ngokushesha ufuna uhambo olulodwa ukusuka e-Zakopane ukuya e-Gdansk noma iholide eliya e-Croatia. Kodwa-ke, uma uhamba amabanga amade phakathi nosuku, noma ngokuvamile kufanele uhambe ngokuqhubekayo, cabanga nge-plug-in hybrid.

Khumbula ukuthi ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi buthonywa:

Umthamo webhethri uncike emotweni futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunguqulo yemodeli.
Isimo sezulu - Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu noma aphezulu angakhawulela ibanga lemoto kagesi. Ukufudumeza nokupholisa imoto nje kudla ugesi omningi. Ungakhathazeki, amabhethri akho ngeke ashise ngokweqile. Izimoto zikagesi ziyapholiswa.
Isitayela sokushayela - Indlela oshayela ngayo ithinta ukuthi ushayela kangakanani. Kungcono ukushayela ngaphandle kokusheshisa okungazelelwe noma ukwehla. Khumbula ukuthi imoto kagesi ithola amandla ngesikhathi ibhuleka, ngakho ukuvele udedele i-accelerator pedal kuzodala ukubhuleka okuningi.

Ingakanani imayela engingayithola ngokushayela imoto kagesi ngokujwayelekile?

Ngezansi ngizokwethulela amamodeli ezimoto zikagesi ezimbalwa ezidumile kanye nebanga lawo. Sezadlula izinsuku lapho imoto kagesi yayihamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-100 kuphela futhi kwadingeka ifune indawo yokushaja.

Imayela lemoto kagesi

I-Tesla Model S85d - 440 km - kodwa kulungile, lo nguTesla, futhi uTesla waziwa njengomholi emhlabeni wezimoto zikagesi, ngakho-ke ake sithinte phansi kancane.
Kia Niro EV 64 kWh - 445 km
Kia Niro EV 39,2 kWh - 289 km
IPeugeot e-208 50 kWh - cishe. 300 km
Nissan Leaf 40 kWh - kufika ku-270 km
Nissan Lead e + 62 kWh - kufika ku-385 km
BMW i3 - 260 km
I-Smart EQ Yesine — 153 км.

Njengoba ubona, konke kuncike kumthamo webhethri kanye nesitayela sakho sokushayela. Isibonelo, i-Peugeot e-208 inesifanisi semayela elithakazelisayo ekhasini layo lokucushwa. Lapho ushayela kancane uze ufike ku-70 km/h ngo-20 ^o C imoto ikwazi ukushayela 354 km, futhi ukunyakaza ashukumisayo, ukusheshisa abukhali 130 km / h kanye braking abukhali at lokushisa -10 ^o C I-mileage yemoto izoba ngu-122 km kuphela.

Ungabala kanjani ngokushesha imayela elilinganiselwe elingenziwa ngemoto kagesi? Njengasezimotweni ezinenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okujwayelekile kuthathwa njenge-8 l / 100 km, kanti ezimotweni zikagesi, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okujwayelekile kungathathwa njenge-20 kWh / 100 km. Ngakho, mileage ongakwenza kalula ngayo, isibonelo, "Kia Niro" ngebhethri 64 kWh - 64 * 0,2 = 320 km. Imayelana nohambo oluthulile ngaphandle kokushayela i-eco. I-YouTuber yasePoland yagijima isivivinyo sebanga elide futhi yashayela i-Kia Niro isuka eWarsaw iya eZakopane, okungukuthi, i-418,5 km ngenkokhiso eyodwa, nesilinganiso sokusebenzisa amandla esingu-14,3 kWh / 100 km.

3. Iziteshi zokushaja.

Yiqiniso, cishe uyazibuza ukuthi uzokhokhisa kuphi futhi kanjani imoto enjalo futhi hlobo luni lwezixhumi ezikhona ngokujwayelekile.

Khululeka, sekushiwo lokhu. Vakashela okufakiwe kwangaphambilini:

Ukufingqa? - kukhona amashaja amaningi.

Abanye bayakhokhelwa, abanye bamahhala. Izinhlobo zezixhumi? Ayikho inkinga. Ukushaja kwe-AC kusebenzisa uhlobo 2 noma ngaphansi okuvamisile uku-Type 1. Iziteshi eziningi zokushaja zinesokhethi Yohlobo 2 eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma ikhebula yohlobo 2, ngakho-ke uma uthenga imoto enesokhethi yohlobo loku-1, kufanele uthole i-adaptha yoHlobo 1 - Uhlobo 2. ngokushaja kwe-DC, eYurophu sizothola izixhumi ze-CSS COMBO 2 noma i-CHAdeMO. Iziteshi eziningi zokushaja ngokushesha zifakwe okubili kwalokhu okunamathiselwe. Azikho izinkinga.