4-stroke injini

Amabha ama-4 we-waltz

Isebenza kanjani?

Ngaphandle kwama-two-stroke ambalwa angavamile, i-four-stroke cishe iwukuphela kohlobo lwenjini olutholakala kumasondo ethu amabili namuhla. Ake sibone ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zayo.

Injini ye-valve yazalwa ngawo-1960 ... ngekhulu le-19 (1862 ngezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi). Laba basunguli ababili bazoba nombono ofanayo cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa emazweni ngamazwe, i-Otto yaseJalimane ihlula umFulentshi u-Beau de Roche. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yegama layo elinqunywe kusengaphambili. Ake sibanikeze okubafaneleyo, ngoba nanamuhla lo mdlalo esiwuthandayo ubakweleta ikhandlela lokuziqhenya!

Njengomjikelezo we-2-stroke, umjikelezo we-4-stroke ungafinyelelwa ngenjini yokushisa inhlansi, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "uphethiloli," noma ukucindezelwa kokushisa, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi idizili (yebo, kukhona amasistimu edizili we-2-stroke !). Ukuphela kukabakaki.

Umkhathi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ...

Umgomo oyisisekelo uhlala ufana, ukuncela emoyeni (oxidizer), oxubene nophethiloli (uphethiloli) ukuze uwashise futhi ngaleyo ndlela usebenzise amandla akhishwe ukushayela imoto. Nokho, lokhu kuphambene nezinyathelo ezimbili. Sizinika isikhathi sokwenza konke kahle. Eqinisweni, lokhu kusungulwa kwe-camshaft (AAC) kuhlakaniphe kakhulu. Nguye olawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve, izinhlobo "ze-injini yokugcwalisa nokukhipha ama-valve". Iqhinga ukuguqula i-AAC izikhathi ezi-2 kancane kune-crankshaft. Eqinisweni, ukwenza i-AAC kudinga imibhoshongo emibili ye-crankshaft ukuze kuqedelwe umjikelezo ogcwele wamavalvu avulekile navaliwe. Kodwa-ke, i-AAC, ama-valve kanye nendlela yawo yokulawula kudala ukungcola, ngakho-ke isisindo nokukhiqiza kuyabiza kakhulu. Futhi njengoba sisebenzisa amandla omlilo kanye kuphela emibhoshongweni emibili, ngesilinganiso esifanayo sikhipha amandla amancane futhi, ngakho-ke, amandla amancane kune-stroke emibili ...

isithombe esincane 4-stroke umjikelezo

Прием

Ukukhishwa kwepiston okubangela ivacuum, ngakho-ke, ukumuncwa kwengxube kaphethiloli womoya enjinini. Lapho i-piston yehliswa, noma ngisho nangaphambidlana nje, i-valve yokudonsa iyavuleka ukuletha ingxube kusilinda. Lapho i-piston ifika phansi, i-valve iyavala ukuvimbela ingxube ukuthi ingaphusheli ngaphandle, iphakamise ipiston. Kamuva, ngemva kokuhlola ukusatshalaliswa, sizobona ukuthi lapha, futhi, sizolinda kancane ngaphambi kokuvala i-valve ...

Ukucindezela

Manje ukuthi isilinda sigcwele, konke kuvaliwe futhi i-piston iphakama, ngaleyo ndlela icindezela ingxube. Uyiphushela ekhandlela, elitholakala ngobuhlakani kakhulu ekamelweni elivuthayo. Ukwehliswa kwevolumu ehlangene kanye nokwanda okubangelwa ukucindezela kuzophakamisa izinga lokushisa, elizosiza ukushisa. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ipiston ifinyelele phezulu (iphoyinti eliphezulu lokungathathi hlangothi, noma i-PMH), ipulaki yenhlansi ivutha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze iqale ukusha. Ngempela ifana nomlilo, ayisuki ngokuphazima kweso, kumele isabalale.

Ukuvutha / ukuphumula

Manje kuyashisa! Ingcindezi, ekhuphuka ifike kumabha angama-90 (noma ama-90 kg ku-cm2 ngayinye), iphusha i-piston kanzima ibuyele endaweni emaphakathi ephansi (PMB), okwenza ukuthi i-crankshaft iphenduke. Wonke ama-valve ahlala evaliwe ukuze asebenzise ngokugcwele ukucindezela, ngoba lesi yisikhathi kuphela lapho amandla atholakala khona.

Qeda

Uma i-piston iqeda ukushaywa kwayo phansi, amandla agcinwe ku-crankshaft azoyibuyisela ku-PMH. Kulapha lapho ama-valve e-exhaust evuleka khona ukukhulula ama-flue gases. Ngakho, injini engenalutho isilungele ukumunca ingxube entsha futhi ukuze iqale umjikelezo omusha futhi. Injini yayizungezwa izikhathi ezi-2 ukuze ihlanganise umjikelezo ogcwele we-4-stroke, isikhathi ngasinye cishe ama-revolution angu-1⁄2 ingxenye ngayinye yomjikelezo.

Ibhokisi lokuqhathanisa

Inkimbinkimbi kakhulu, iyasinda, ibiza kakhulu futhi inamandla amancane kune-2-stroke, izinzuzo ze-4-stroke kusukela ekusebenzeni okuphakeme. ukuhluzeka, okuchazwa izikhathi ezi-4 ngokubola okungcono kwezigaba ezahlukahlukene zomjikelezo. Ngakho-ke, ekufudukeni okufanayo nangesivinini, i-4-stroke ngenhlanhla ayinamandla aphindwe kabili njenge-2-stroke. Eqinisweni, ukulingana kokufuduka okuchazwe ekuqaleni kwe-GP, i-500 two-stroke / 990cc-four-stroke, bekuyivuna. Kwathi, phakathi nesiqephu sama-3 cc ... Sabavala kabili ukuze bangabuyi ... emdlalweni kulokhu! Nokho, ukuze udlale ngokulinganayo, imivimbo emine kufanele ijikeleze ngokushesha kakhulu kunamasilinda abhoboziwe. Isibonelo, ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezithile zomsindo. Ngakho-ke kwethulwa ama-muffler aphindwe kabili ezinjini zamavalvu e-TT.