2020: ukucutshungulwa kwama-accumulators ezimotweni zikagesi

Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi iyadlondlobala futhi izimoto zokuqala ezizokwethulwa sezizofika ekupheleni kwesikhathi sazo sokuphila. Umbuzo ongenakugwenywa uphakama: sizokwenzenjani ngamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi?

Ngakho, ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri imele intshisekelo eqinile kunguquko yamanje yezemvelo, futhi abanye babo sebevele bajoyina izikhungo zokugaywa kabusha.

Ngokusho kukaChristelle Borys, umongameli weKomidi Lamasu Lomkhakha Wezezimayini Nezinsimbi, "kusuka ku-50, futhi okungenzeka nakakhulu ngo-000, cishe amathani angu-2027 2030 azocutshungulwa."

Ngempela, ngokwezilinganiso ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ingafinyelela amathani angama-700 ngo-000.

Ithini impilo yebhethri ngaphambi kokulahlwa? 

Amabhethri amadala

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimotweni zikagesi ayaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, anesilinganiso sokuphila seminyaka eyi-10.

Izici ezithile zingasheshisa le nqubo yokuguga, okuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza nobubanzi bemoto kagesi. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu ku impilo yebhethri ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela ibhethri kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze welule impilo yemoto yakho kagesi. Ungahlola isimo sebhethri lemoto yakho nenkampani yangaphandle ethembekile efana ne-La Belle Batterie. Emaminithini angu-5 nje ukusuka ekhaya, ungakwazi ukuxilonga ibhethri lakho. Khona-ke sizokunikeza isitifiketi sebhethri okubonisa ikakhulukazi i-SoH (isimo sezempilo) sebhethri lakho.

Iziqinisekiso nokushintshwa

Ukushintsha ibhethri lokudonsa kubiza kakhulu, kusukela ku-7 kuya ku-000 euros. Yingakho abakhiqizi benikeza iziqinisekiso zebhethri lemoto kagesi kukho kokubili ukuthengwa kwemoto egcwele nokuqashwa kwebhethri.

Ezimweni eziningi, ibhethri liqinisekisiwe iminyaka engu-8 noma i-160 km, ku-SoH ngaphezu kuka-75% noma u-70%... Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizi uthembisa ukulungisa noma ukushintsha ibhethri uma i-SoH iwela ngaphansi kuka-75% (noma u-70%) futhi imoto ingaphansi kweminyaka engu-8 ubudala noma ngaphansi kuka-160 km. Izimo zewaranti zingahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noma lo mkhuba uphela, kungenzeka ukuqasha imoto kagesi ngebhethri. Kulokhu, impilo yebhethri "iqinisekisiwe" ye-SoH ethile, futhi abashayeli bezimoto kufanele bakhokhe irenti yanyanga zonke, okuvame ukuncika enanini lamakhilomitha ahanjwayo ngonyaka.

Ukuphela kwebhethri kwempilo nokugaywa kabusha

Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri: lokho okushiwo umthetho

Umthetho wase-France nowaseYurophu ukuvimbela ngokusemthethweni ukushiswa noma ukulahlwa kwamabhethri emoto kagesi ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu.

I-European Directive 26 Septhemba 2006I-Directive 2006/66 / EC) ngokuphathelene namabhethri neziqoqwayo kudinga “ukugaywa kabusha kwawo wonke umthofu (okungenani u-65%), amabhethri e-nickel/cadmium (ubuncane obungu-75%), kanye nokugaywa kabusha okungama-50% wezinto eziqukethwe kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri neziqoqwayo. “

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlukaniswa esigabeni sesithathu futhi kufanele agaywe kabusha okungenani angama-50%. 

Futhi ngaphansi kwalo myalelo, abakhiqizi bebhethri banesibopho sokuvuselela amabhethri ekupheleni kokusebenza kwabo. Ngakho, "umkhiqizi isibopho sokuqoqa amabhethri ngezindleko zawo (I-athikili 8), uwasebenzise kabusha futhi usebenze nomdidiyeli oqinisekisa u-50% wokugaywa kabusha (Izihloko 7, 12…). “

Ikuphi imboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri namuhla?

E-France, imboni yokugaywa kabusha manje ingaphinda igaye kabusha ngaphezu kuka-65% wamabhethri e-lithium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthanda ukuba umkhakha waseYurophu, ubumbane namanye amazwe afana neJalimane, " I-Airbus engenantambo .

Namuhla, abadlali abakhulu ekugayweni kabusha ngabakhiqizi ngokwabo, kanye nabakhiqizi abangochwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha. Abakhiqizi abanjengoRenault bazama ukuthola izixazululo ezisebenzayo:

I-SNAM, inkampani yaseFrance egaya kabusha amabhethri, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhawuleleni umthelela wemvelo wamabhethri asetshenzisiwe.

Le nkampani inabasebenzi abangama-600 ezimbonini ezimbili futhi isebenza amathani angaphezu kuka-600 amabhethri ezimotweni zikagesi noma eziyingxubevange ngonyaka. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuhlakaza amabhethri bese behlela izingxenye ezihlukene ukuze ziwacekele phansi unomphela noma azincibilikise ukuze kubuyiselwe izinsimbi ezithile: i-nickel, i-cobalt noma i-lithium.

U-Frédéric Sahlin, Umqondisi Wezokumaketha Nokuthengisa kwa-SNAM, uyachaza: “Imfuneko yaseFrance iwukusebenzisa kabusha u-50% wamabhethri e-Li-Ion. Sisebenzisa kabusha ngaphezu kuka-70%. Okusele kuyacekelwa phansi futhi kushiswe, bese kungcwatshwa u-2% kuphela.

UMnu. Salin uphinde athi “imboni yebhethri namuhla ayinanzuzo, ayinawo umthamo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imboni ingenza imali ngokuthengisa kabusha nokusebenzisa kabusha izinsimbi. ” 

Ngaphambi kokulahlwa: ukulungiswa kanye nempilo yesibili yamabhethri

Lungisa ibhethri

Uma kunenkinga ngebhethri yemoto kagesi, abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza isiphakamiso sokuyishintsha, hhayi ukuyilungisa.

Uma kukhulunywa ngezindawo ezidayisa izinto ezithengisayo kanye nezomakakhenikha, ngokuvamile abanaso isipiliyoni sokulungisa ibhethri lemoto kagesi. Ngempela, ukuvula ibhethri lokudonsa kuyingozi futhi kudinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe nabaqeqeshiwe.

Noma kunjalo, iRenault ilungisa izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamabhethri ngonyaka ezimbonini zayo eFlains, Lyons naseBordeaux. Ukulungiswa okuningi kumahhala kumakhasimende uma imoto yawo ingaphansi kwewaranti, ikakhulukazi ngebhethri eliqashiwe.

Ezinye izinkampani, njengeyaseFrance, nazo seziqala ukulungisa izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. CMJ Solutions... Inkampani ingalungisa ibhethri lemoto kagesi ngentengo ekhanga kakhulu kunokulishintsha: ukusuka ku-500 kuya ku-800 €.

Ngokushothina, abalungisi bezimoto abambalwa babhala incwadi evulekile ukuze bakwazi ukulungisa amabhethri emoto kagesi. Bese behlongoza ukufaka ingcindezi kubakhi ukuze ezinye izinkampani ezingongoti zikwazi ukulungisa.

 

Impilo yesibili yamabhethri asetshenziswa umile

Uma umthamo webhethri lemoto kagesi yehla ngaphansi kwama-75%, iyashintshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akusanele ukunikeza ibanga elanele lemoto kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangaphansi kuka-75%, amabhethri asasebenza futhi angasetshenziselwa enye into, ikakhulukazi ukugcina umile.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcina ugesi emabhethrini ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene: ukugcina amandla avuselelekayo ezakhiweni, eziteshini zokushaja zikagesi, ukuqinisa amagridi kagesi, ngisho nokuphehla amandla ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi.

 Isitoreji esidume kakhulu sikagesi senziwa kusetshenziswa amabhethri e-electrochemical, akhiqizwa kakhulu yibhethri ye-lithium-ion.