Iminyaka engu-20 ye-Common Rail kadizili II: U-Alfa Romeo wayengowokuqala

Ukuqhubeka: Indlela enzima yabaqambi yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha.

Bangumgogodla wakho konke uFiat noBosch

Ngokushesha nje emva kokuba iFiat yethule umjovo oqondile iCroma ngo-1986, uhlelo olufanayo lwethulwa nguRover, owalwakha ngokubambisana nochwepheshe baseBrithani abavela ePerkins. Izosetshenziswa kamuva kumamodeli akwaHonda. Kuze kwaba ngo-1988 lapho i-VW Group yayinenjini yokuqala yedizili yokujova ngqo, eyayisebenzisa nepompo yokusabalalisa iBosch. Yebo, yiVW edlala indima yokujova inqwaba yomjovo oqondile ezimotweni zikadizili. Kodwa-ke, i-VW iyazifela ngezinjini zayo ze-TDI kangangokuba iphuthelwa wuguquko lwangekhulu lama-20. Ngakho-ke, emuva ekuqaleni kwendaba, ukuhlangana futhi nonjiniyela eFiat naseBosch. Okwamanje akukona ukusebenzisana.

I-Centro Ricerce Fiat eshiwo ngenhla noMagnetti Marelli basakwazile ukwakha uhlelo olusebenzayo lapho inqubo yokukhiqiza ingcindezi ihlukaniswa komunye nomunye. Lokhu kugwema ukwehla kwengcindezi futhi kufinyelela ukucindezela okukhulu ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iphampu ye-rotary igcwalisa isitimela sensimbi enodonga oluqinile. Umjovo oqondile wenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-injection alawulwa yi-solenoid. I-prototypes yokuqala yadalwa ngo-1991, futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva ubuchwepheshe bathengiswa ku-Bosch, owabuye wayithuthukisa. Uhlelo, olwakhiwe ngale ndlela yi-Fiat futhi lwacwengisiswa yi-Bosch, lwavela ngo-1997 ku-Alfa Romeo 156 2.4 JTD kanye ne-Mercedes-Benz E220 d. Ngasikhathi sinye, umfutho omkhulu womjovo we-1360 bar awukadluli ukucindezela kwezinye zezinhlelo zangaphambilini (ezisetshenziswa yi-Opel Vectra kanye ne-Audi A6 2.5 TDI kusukela ngo-1996 kanye ne-BMW 320d kusukela ngo-1998, iphampu ye-VP 44 umjovo oqondile ufinyelela ingcindezi ebangeni le-1500 - 1750 bar) , kodwa ukulawulwa kwenqubo nokusebenza kahle kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.

Inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuthi igcina umfutho wesitimela ophakeme njalo, ovumela ukulawula okunembile komjovo, wona manje usungakwazi ukulethwa ngamaqoqo - okubaluleke kakhulu ekuxubeni kwenjini ye-diesel. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela kuzimele ngesivinini, ikhwalithi yenqubo yomlilo ithuthukisiwe kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nokukhishwa kuyancipha. Ngokuthuthuka kwesistimu, izijovo zikagesi zizothathelwa indawo ama-injection e-piezo anembe kakhudlwana, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lemijovo yesikhashana kanye nezingcindezi ezifika kubha yezimoto ezingama-2500 kanye namabha afinyelela ku-3000 amaloli namabhasi kwakamuva. izizukulwane zezinjini zikadizili.

Izinhlungu zabasebenzi nge-Common Rail

Vele, nonjiniyela beFiat abaqali ngokungaboni. Kodwa-ke, bayakwazi ukufinyelela emsebenzini wabo bobabili uVickers, owadala uhlelo olufanayo lwemishini eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule, kanye neSwitzerland Federal Institute of Technology ETH, futhi ikakhulukazi iqembu likaRobert Hubert, owadala uhlobo lwe-diesel oluyimpumelelo eminyakeni yama-60s. ngohlelo lwe-Common Rail kanye nolawulo lwe-elekthronikhi. Vele, imishini yamandla kagesi yaleyo minyaka yayivumela kuphela ama-prototypes ukuthi asebenze elabhorethri, kepha ngo-1983, uMarko Ganzer we-ETH unelungelo lobunikazi "lohlelo lokushaja ibhethri elawulwa ngogesi" ezimotweni zikadizili. Eqinisweni, lokhu kungukuthuthuka kokuqala okuthembisayo kohlelo olunjalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inkinga ayikho emcabangweni, kepha ekuqalisweni kwayo, futhi ngonjiniyela beFiat neBosch abakwaziyo ukubhekana nazo zonke izinkinga ezihambisana nokuvuza okuphezulu kwengcindezi okukhona kulobu buchwepheshe, ukwenziwa kwezijovo ezanele nokunye. Kuliqiniso elincane elaziwayo ukuthi ngenkathi abenzi bezimoto eJapan besalele emuva ekwakhiweni kwezinjini zikadizili, empeleni imoto yokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Common Rail injection kwakuyiloli likaHino elinenjini ye-J08C kanye ne-Denso injection system, okuwumphumela womsebenzi wamaqembu kaDkt Shonei Ito no Izibani zeMasahiko. Okuthokozisa ngokufanayo iqiniso ukuthi ngawo-80, onjiniyela e-East Germany IFA bakhulisa ngempumelelo uhlelo olufanayo lwamaloli abo.

Ngeshwa, izinkinga zezimali zeFiat ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90 zamphoqa ukuthi adayisele inkukhu yakhe yegolide kwaBosch. Phela, kwakunguBosch owasungula lobu buchwepheshe, futhi namuhla ungumholi ongenakuphikiswa ekukhiqizeni lezi zinhlelo. Eqinisweni, kusekhona abakhiqizi abambalwa bale mishini - ngaphezu kwe-Bosch, lezi yiDenso, i-Delphi ne-Siemens. Ngaphansi kwe-hood nakunoma iyiphi imoto obukeka ngayo, uzothola into efanayo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba uhlelo lwe-Common Rail lubonise izinzuzo zalo ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye, lwethulwa abakhiqizi baseFrance i-PSA. Ngaleso sikhathi, abakhiqizi abafana ne-Mazda ne-Nissan Base bethule umjovo oqondile, kodwa ngaphandle kwesistimu ye-Common Rail, i-VW iyaqhubeka nokubheka izindlela zokwenza uhlelo olusebenzayo olungasebenzisi amalungelo obunikazi be-Common Rail, futhi bethula uhlelo lomjovo oluvame kakhulu. ngamaphampu wamaloli ngo-2000. Ngempela, ngo-2009, i-VW ayizange iphele amandla futhi ayizange ifake esikhundleni sikajantshi ovamile.

Abakhiqizi bamaloli bayethula kamuva - eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinjini zabo nazo zazifakwe i-pump-injector noma okuthiwa i-pump-pipe-injector enezici zepompo ezihlukene kanye neshubhu elifushane kakhulu elinomfutho ophezulu. Embukisweni waseTokyo, u-Quon wabonisa esinye isisombululo esithakazelisayo - ubuchwepheshe be-pump-injector, okuyinto, nokho, inikwe amandla yisitimela esivamile esinezindonga ezincane ezinomfutho ophansi. Eyakamuva idlala indima yenodi yokulinganisa emaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, uhlelo lwe-Common Rail luhluke ngokuyisisekelo ezinhlelweni zangaphambi kokujova ngoba lususelwa kumandla e-kinetic akhiqizwa yipompo wokujova ngophethiloli okuqondile. Lokhu kususa isidingo sesilinganiso sokucindezela esiphakeme kangako, kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokuxokozela, okungcono izinjini zikadizili ezine-prechamber futhi ezikhiqizwa ngokuqinile ezinjinini zikadizili ezinegumbi le-vortex. Uhlelo lwe-Common Rail, kanye nokwenziwa kobuchwepheshe bokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kanye nama-turbocharger, kwakha imibandela yezinguquko kudizili, futhi ngaphandle kwayo, izinjini zikaphethiloli bezingeke zibe nethuba namuhla. Ngendlela, eyokugcina nayo ithole uhlelo olufanayo lokugcwalisa, nge-oda elincane kuphela. Kepha leyo enye indaba.

Yebo, uhlelo lweCommon Rail luyabiza futhi luyinkimbinkimbi, kepha okwamanje ayikho enye indlela esikhundleni sikadizili. Abakhiqizi bakwazile nokwakha izinketho ezingabizi, eziphansi zokucindezela izimoto ezingabizi kakhulu njenge-India, lapho kuhlonishwa khona udizili. Ngemuva kwamahlazo akamuva, kwasolwa udizili kuwo wonke amaphutha asemhlabeni, kepha, njengoba ukuhlolwa kwakamuva kwe-APP kukhombisa, ukuhlanzwa kwayo kungenzeka impela. Kunoma ikuphi, kusazoba nezikhathi ezithakazelisayo.

Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev