Izinjini ezi-15 ezihamba phambili

Sekuyiminyaka abanye bebikezela ukubhujiswa kwakhe okuseduze. Kepha injini yomlilo ayifile nakancane - futhi izosisebenzela iminyaka ezayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, iba ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi ingabi nobungozi obuningi.

Njengobufakazi, uhlelo lwaseMelika lweCar & Driver lunikeze inguqulo yalo yezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezingama-15 ezihamba phambili ezikhona manje emakethe. Ngeshwa, ezinye zazo ziyatholakala emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika (lapho ukulwa nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuyisibonakaliso esihle), kepha hhayi eYurophu.

Uphethiloli ongu-1 litre inline turbo petrol onamasilinda ama-2,5 avela kwa-Audi

Kuphi: Audi RS3, Audi TT RS

Izintatheli zaseMelika zijwayelene nale divayisi ngonyaka ka-2012 ngesikhathi sokudonswa kweTT RS futhi yakuthola "kuhle". Le njini enamasilindo amahlanu ayakhiqizi ama-400pper kuphela ngo-7000 rpm, kodwa ingu-480 Nm ngo-1700 rpm kuphela. Ngenxa yomklamo wayo oyingqayizivele, ukhiqiza umsindo ongenakuqhathaniswa (sibonga i-oda lokudubula 1-2-4-5-3).

Bekubuye kube yinjini yokuqala ukusebenzisa ibhulokhi yesilinda enziwe ngokuthi "vermicular graphite", kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho akukho lutho oluxakile ekwakhiweni: ama-valve angama-20, injekishini eqondile, isilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-10,0: 1 kanye ne-turbine enikeza izingcindezi ezifika ku-1,36 , Ibha engu-XNUMX. Cindezela phansi kanzima ku-pedal futhi uzozwa ngokushesha izinzuzo zesilinda esengeziwe.

2-litre SKYACTIV-G wakwaMazda

Kuphi: Mazda MH-5

Izintatheli zaseMelika ziyavuma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi eside ziyithanda imvelo yothando olujabulisa le injini, elenziwa yiMazda lithuthukisa amancane minyaka yonke. Isibonelo, isisindo sepiston ngayinye sincishisiwe ngamagremu angama-27, futhi izinduku zokuxhuma zilula amagremu angama-41.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-valves aqeda amandla kanye namanxa maningi. Umugqa obomvu, obekuyi-6800 rpm, manje usu-7500 190. Amandla akhuphukile afinyelela ku-7500p ngokwamandla e-XNUMX XNUMX rpm - acishe abe namandla angamashumi amathathu kunasekuqaleni.

I-3 litre Twin-Turbo V-4,4 evela kwa-BMW

Kuphi: kumamodeli amaningi we-BMW njenge-M5 ne-X5M

Amawele-turbo V8 amakhulu kunawo wonke ohlwini, yize kungenjalo anamandla kakhulu. Le yunithi ye-aluminium yonke ibikhona kusukela ngonyaka we-2009 futhi isetshenziselwe inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zaseBavaria kufaka phakathi i-M550i ne-750i (ngohlobo lwe-N63) kanye nezilo ezinjengeM5, M8 kanye ne-X5 M (ngohlobo lwe-S63 oluvikelwe isigaba seBMW M).

Okwamanje isukela ku-530 kuya ku-625 amandla wehhashi, kanti amamodeli we-M anephakethe lomncintiswano ane-torque ephezulu engu-750 Nm. Esivivinyweni se-C & D, uMncintiswano we-M5 washesha kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-96 km / h ngemizuzwana engu-2,6 nje - kushesha kakhulu kunezibalo ezisemthethweni zeBMW.

4-litre V6,2 wakwaChevrolet

Isihloko: Chevrolet Corvette

Ngesikhathi sokuphathwa okuphelele kwezinjini ze-turbo, kusenezimoto ezinezinjini zasemkhathini. Futhi iyasebenza. ICorvette entsha yathuthukisa amandla cishe amahhashi angama-500 ukusuka ku-V8 yayo futhi iyisebenzisela ukusheshisa ngemizuzwana engu-2,8 iye ku-96 km / h (ngephakeji le-Z51).

Ngisho nezinguqulo ezibizayo futhi ezinamandla kakhulu ze-C7 Z06 (650 hp) neC7 ZR1 (755 hp) azikwazi ukufika ngaphambi kwenjini enesizotha kodwa entsha ye-LT2. Sizobona le yunithi ku-C8 Corvette Z06, iHyper ZR1 naku-Zora hybrid.

5-litre V6,2 ene-compressor evela kwaDodge

Где: I-Dodge Challenger Hellcat Redeye

Ephepheni, idayinaso langempela: ivolumu ephezulu, i-cast iron block, amavalvu aphezulu kanye neshaja enkulu ye-Roots. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, amakhono alo anzima ukuphikisa: kumamodeli we-Hellcat, le hemi ikhiqiza amandla amahhashi angu-707, futhi enguqulweni ye-Redeye, efinyelela ku-797.

I-torque engu-881 Nm ingaguqula amathayi amasha abe ngamanenjana ngemizuzu. Amandla angeziwe aqhamuka kwi-supercharger ekhudlwana engu-2,7-litre kanye nepampu kagesi yesibili engeziwe.

6. I-twin-turbo V3,9 engu-8 litre evela kwaFerrari

I-Где: Ferrari 488 Pista, Ferrari GTCLusso T, Ferrari F8 Tributo, Ferrari Portofino, Ferrari SF90 Stradale

AmaNtaliyane aletha lesi sizukulwane esisha sezinjini ngonyaka ka-2014 neCalifornia T, kepha besilokhu siyithuthukisa njalo kusukela lapho, futhi amandla akhuphuka ngokuqinile asuka ku-500 aya ngaphezulu kwe-710pp yamahhashi (ngo-8000 rpm) no-770 Nm wethoshi eliphakeme kakhulu.

Lokhu kufinyelelwa nge-flywheel entsha, i-crankshaft entsha ngokuphelele kanye nesethi ye-titanium (neziningi ezilula) zokuxhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ferrari inyuse ukucindezela kancane, yathatha indawo yohlelo lokuphelelwa amandla futhi ngisho ne-SF90 Stradale yenyusa ivolumu yaba ngamalitha ama-4 namandla amandla angama-769.

I-7 litre Twin-Turbo V-2,9 evela kwa-Alfa Romeo

I-Где: I-Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio, Alfa Romeo Stelvio Quadifoglio

Le njini yathuthukisa amandla amahhashi angama-510 ngo-6500 rpm no-600 Nm wethoshi ngo-2500 rpm kuphela. Umugqa obomvu ungo-6500 7 rpm, kodwa empeleni le njini ingakhuphuka kalula ifike ku-400 ngaphambi kokukhawulelwa kukagesi. Le yunithi enamandla kakhulu i-Alfa eyake yakhiqiza, futhi kubukeka sengathi inamasilinda amabili amabili.

Isimangalo sokuthi sithathiwe kuFerrari siyihaba - empeleni, sasuselwa ku-V8 nenkampani yamawele-turbo evela eMaranello, kepha ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa izinguquko ezinkulu. Amakhanda okuvimba nawosilinda akhiwe nge-aluminium, umjovo oqondile, ama-degree angama-90 degrees phakathi kwamasilinda, ama-camshafts amabili ngaphezulu, ama-valve angama-24 kanye ne-compression ratio ka-9,3: 1. Uzophinda uyithole kwimodeli edonsa ngamasondo angemuva (uGiulia Quadrifoglio ) kanye no-4-wheel drive. × 4 (Stelvio Quadrifoglio).

8-litre TT V-3,5 Umphumela Ophezulu ovela kwaFord

Kuphi: Ford F-150

Injini enkulu kunazo zonke futhi esebenza kahle (i-691 Nm) V6 kulolu hlu. Le yunithi yehlukile kwelinye lamawele-turbo V6 ozowathola ku-Ford GT supercar. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kuvamile kwizinguqulo zeRaptor nezomkhawulo zemoto ethengisa kakhulu e-United States.

Isebenzisa i-aluminium block, injekishini eqondile kanye nama-turbocharger avela esitokisini esiyi-3,5-litre unit, kodwa cishe yonke enye into ihlukile. Ingcindezi eshintshiwe i-1,24 bar, i-crankshaft ne-bearings ziyaqiniswa, ama-camshafts alula, futhi ekugcineni inqwaba yamathani amathathu ishesha ifinyelela ku-96 km / h ngemizuzwana emihlanu nje.

I-9-litre twin-turbo V4 evela kwaVolkswagen

Kuphi: amamodeli amaningi we-VW, Audi, Bentley nePorsche

Eqinisweni, lolu phiko lungatholakala kuVW Touareg luye kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokunethezeka yeqembu. Uhlobo lwayo olunamandla kakhulu lushayela iLamborghini Urus, ekhiqiza amandla wehhashi angama-650 ngo-6000 rpm no-850 Nm. Akumangazi ukuthi i-crossover enkulu igijima kusuka ku-96 kuye ku-3,1 mph ngemizuzwana engu-XNUMX nje kuphela, okwenza kube yi-SUV esheshayo eyake yahlolwa yi-C & D.

Ibhlokhi yenziwa nge-aluminium, ama-valves angama-32, ama-turbocharger ane-spiral ephindwe kabili futhi abekwe phakathi kwamasilinda. Umugqa obomvu use-6750 rpm, kodwa eqinisweni le yunithi ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kuma-rpms aphansi.

U-10-litre ophakeme ophehla udizili ophuma eCummins

Kuphi: URam 3500

Ngisho naphakathi kwenhlupho ye-coronavirus, ukuthengiswa kweRam eMelika kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Enye yezizathu ezinkulu iyunithi yedizili, engadonsa indlu ihambisane nesisekelo. I-High Output version inamandla amakhulu we-400 horsepower futhi - ubambe umoya wakho - ithoshi elikhulu lamamitha ayi-1355 Newton.

Yiyunithi yedizili enamandla kunazo zonke eyake yakhiqizwa uchwepheshe wezinjini zeCummins, kodwa futhi ingenye ebushelelezi futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. I-turbo igijima kubha engu-2,27 futhi inesilinganiso sokucindezelwa esingu-16,2: 1.

11-litre in-line turbo engine evela kwaHonda

Kuphi: iHonda Accord, Uhlobo lweHonda Civic R

AbaseJapan bakha iCivic Type R endaweni yokuvalwa eSwindon, eUK, kodwa injini eyakhiwe ngamalitha amabili i-DOHC yakhiwa e-Anna, e-Ohio, e-USA.

Ine-block ye-aluminium enezinye izinto ezingasindi esilula kanye ne-crankshaft yensimbi ehlanganisiwe. Ama-piston anohlelo lokupholisa oluthathwe ngqo kuzinjini zeHomula 1 XNUMX.

Ngo-turbocharging owengeziwe we-1,6 bar kanye nekhono lokuphuma kufinyelela ku-7000 rpm, le yunithi iyunithi elinamandla kunazo zonke elake lathengiswa amaJapane eNyakatho Melika: 315 hp. I-6500 rpm ne-400 Nm. Amandla ku-Accord athobekile kancane, kepha nokho ayamangali.

12-litre V5,2 ene-compressor evela kwaFord

Isihloko: Ford Mustang Shelby GT500

Njengoba sinamahhashi angama-760 ngo-7300 850 rpm naku-5000 Nm ku-8 Nm, iyinjini yokukhiqiza enamandla kakhulu emlandweni weFord. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Predator, noma i-Predator, yabelana ngedivayisi yayo nohlobo lwasemkhathini lweVoodoo V350 GTXNUMX, kepha konke okunye kuhlukile.

I-superonger enkulu kakhulu ye-Eaton injakela ibha eyi-0,82 kumasilinda. Eqinisweni, i-torque yinhle kakhulu ukuthi ukuqala okubushelelezi kuyinkinga enkulu. Ukungasho lutho ngomsindo omangalisayo ozovusa wonke umuntu amabhlokhi ayishumi ahambe.

13-litre inline turbo kusuka ku-BMW

Kuphi: amamodeli amaningi we-BMW

Itholakala ngohlobo lwama-turbo olulodwa namawele, kodwa kuzo zombili lezi zimo, lokhu okuyisithupha okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kusebenza ngokushelela njengephimbo likaMarvin Gaye, izimangalo ze-C & D. Eqinisweni, kukhona amayunithi amabili analo mthamo ebangeni laseBavaria.

Enye yazo, i-S55 / S58, eshayela i-M2 ne-M4 yezemidlalo yemoto futhi iyimpumelelo evelele kwezobuchwepheshe ngepani kawoyela we-magnesium, i-crankshaft yensimbi eyakhiwe kanye neplasma eyenziwe ezindongeni zesilinda. Amandla afinyelela kumandla amahhashi angama-510 kumamodeli amasha.

14-litre V-6,5 kusuka kwaFerrari

Isihloko: Ferrari 812 Superfast

Ukudonswa kwenjini kuyehla emhlabeni wonke, kepha uFerrari ngeke anikezele ngesithonjana se-V12 saso isikhathi eside. Le yunithi, ifakelwe uhlelo olukhethekile lokusabalalisa igesi, ijikeleza ngokujwayelekile kufinyelela ku-9000 rpm.

Umsindo awunamsindo omkhulu njengaku-911 GT3 noma iMcLaren 720, kepha umsindo uthinta umongo. Futhi kufakazela futhi ukuthi onjiniyela bezinkonzo bangabumba njengabaqambi.

15 litre boxer wasePorsche

I-Где: I-Porsche 718 Cayman GT4, Spyback ye-Porsche 718

Lokhu akuyona nje uhlobo olungenamandla injini esetshenziswe ku-911 GT3, kodwa iyunithi elihluke ngokuphelele, empeleni, elakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sababhokisi abathathu-litre zezinguqulo ezinesizotha kakhulu esingu-911.

Ingenye yezindawo ezimbili ezifiswa ngokwemvelo ohlwini ezinesilinganiso esingu-13,0: 1, isilinganiso se-valve eguquguqukayo kanye nama-valve akhethekile emgodleni ophelele ongavulwa kabanzi lapho kudingeka umoya omningi. I-Porsche ibika amandla angu-420 amahhashi ngo-7600 rpm, kepha injini ingakhipha kalula ama-8100 - ngomsindo othize owenziwe ngePorsc.