Imvula Yegolide

Ama-reagents atholakala kalula - noma yimuphi usawoti oncibilikayo womthofu kanye ne-potassium iodide - azovumela ukuhlolwa okuthakazelisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kufanele sikhumbule ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi lapho sisebenza nezinhlanganisela zomthofu ezinobuthi. Phakathi nokuhlolwa, asidli futhi asiphuzi, futhi ngemva komsebenzi, sigeza ngokucophelela izandla zethu kanye nezitsha zengilazi zaselabhorethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyizincomo ezihlala njalo zosokhemisi wokuhlola.

Masilungise ama-reagents alandelayo: usawoti omthofu oncibilika kakhulu (II) - nitrate (V) Pb (CHA₃)₂ noma i-acetate (CH₃Isikhulu esiphezulu)₂Pb- kanye ne-potassium iodide KI. Silungisa izixazululo ezivela kubo ngokuhlushwa okungafika ku-10%. Isixazululo sikasawoti oholayo sithululelwa ku-flask, bese ivolumu encane yesisombululo se-KI yengezwa. Ngemva kokunyakazisa uketshezi ngokushesha kwakha imvula ephuzi yomthofu (II) iodide PbI.₂ (isithombe 1):

Pb²⁺ + 2 ngi^- → PbI₂↓

Gwema isixazululo se-potassium iodide eyeqile njengoba imvula incibilika ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwama-ion e-iodide (okuyinkimbinkimbi K₂[PbI₄]).

Imvula ephuzi incibilika kakhulu emanzini ashisayo. Ngemva kokubeka isitsha esitsheni esikhulu samanzi abilayo (noma ukushisisa phezu komlilo ovuthayo), imvula iyanyamalala ngokushesha futhi ingabi nambala (isithombe 2) noma isixazululo esiphuzi kancane. Njengoba i-flask iphola, amakristalu aqala ukuvela ngendlela yama-plaque egolide (isithombe 3). Lona umphumela wokucwebezela kancane kwe-iodide yomthofu (II), okubangelwa ukuncibilika okuphansi kukasawoti esitsheni esipholile. Uma sishukumisa okuqukethwe kwe-flask futhi sikhanyisa umkhumbi ohlangothini, sizobona igama elithi "imvula yegolide" (bheka incazelo yalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ku-intanethi ngaphansi kwaleli gama). Umphumela wokuhlola ubuye ufane nesiphepho seqhwa sasebusika esingajwayelekile - amacembe egolide (isithombe 4 no-5).

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