Ukuhlakanipha kukaloliwe: indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi udizili awehluleki ngisho naku-minus 50
Ingxenye yobude bezitimela zaseRussia ayibandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwezitimela zikagesi. Izinqola zethu zisadonswa isitimela sikadizili - isitimela, esilandela ngqo isitimela esinomusi, futhi sifakwe injini efana nekadizili efakwa ezimotweni. Okumbalwa nje okwengeziwe. Abasebenzi bakwaRailways baseRussia balwa kanjani nesithwathwa, futhi kufanele kube usayizi ongakanani ibhethri ukuze uqalise isitimela?
Ubusika yisikhathi esinzima hhayi ezimotweni nakubanikazi bazo kuphela. Imigwaqo emikhulu yeZwe Elikhulu ayiwona neze uthelawayeka, kodwa izitimela. Amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu, lapho amakhulu ezitimela ezithwala impahla kanye nabagibeli zigijima nsuku zonke. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yalo mzila ayikafakwa ugesi: izitimela zikadizili zisebenza emigwaqweni enjalo, evame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esinzima nezimo zezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, i-diesel traction.
Izinkinga zezinjini zikaloliwe ezisebenza ngophethiloli "osindayo" zifana ncamashi nezabashayeli bezimoto abavamile: uphethiloli wedizili nowoyela kushuba emakhazeni, izisefo zigcwala upharafini. Ngendlela, izitimela zisenenqubo ephoqelekile yokushintsha amafutha kusukela ehlobo kuya ebusika: ama-traction motors, ama-bearings, ama-gearbox nokunye okuningi kulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. I-insulate hoses namapayipi wesistimu yokushisa. Baphinde babeke okushisa okukhethekile emigodini enama-radiators okupholisa - lokhu kuyi-hello ehlukile kulabo abahleka amakhadibhodi ku-radiator grill.
Amabhethri awahlolisiswa kuphela ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte, kodwa futhi afakwe ngaphakathi, okuyinto, ngendlela, ingaba isisombululo esithakazelisayo kubashayeli bezimoto ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ibhethri ngokwayo "ibhethri" le-lead-acid elinamandla angama-450-550 A / h futhi linesisindo esingama-70 kg!
"Injini yomlilo", isibonelo, "diesel" engu-V-cylinder engu-16 futhi ilungiselele amakhaza ngokwehlukana. Ukuze isitimela sihlale silungele umzila, naphezu kwesithwathwa nokubanda, ukulungiswa okuphelele kwezitimela zasebusika kuqala ngo-Okthoba. Lapho izinga lokushisa elivamile lansuku zonke lehla lifika ku-+15 degrees, izitimela zikadizili zivula ukushisisa imigqa kaphethiloli, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lehla liye kumaki avamile wansuku zonke we-+5 degrees, isikhathi “sokushisa” siqala.
Phela, ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo, izinga lokushisa lamafutha enjini akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-15-20, kuye ngokuthi imodeli ye-locomotive diesel. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi ngaphandle, kulapho injini ifudumala kakhulu. Lapho i-thermometer ifinyelela esikalini esingu--15 degrees, injini ayisacishiwe.
Izindimbane “zikaphethiloli osindayo” endizela epayipini awesabi muntu, ngoba ohlelweni lokupholisa lwesitimela se-diesel akukho antifreeze noma i-antifreeze, kodwa amanzi ajwayelekile kakhulu. Ngisho nasenyakatho, ngisho nasebusika. Kungani kunjalo? Yebo, ngoba okungenani amalitha ayinkulungwane okupholisa kufanele kuthelwe esitimeleni sikadizili, kodwa ukuqina kwawo wonke amapayipi nokuxhumana akukaze kube sezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukubala ingxenye yezomnotho futhi ufike embonweni onzima futhi obizayo ukuthi kungcono ukungajamu nhlobo. Futhi iyiphi ikhwalithi okufanele ibe yi-antifreeze ukuze ingabi yiqhwa ngolunye usuku, isibonelo, ku- "minus 46" kwenye indawo esiteshini saseSiberia? Kushibhile, empeleni, ukungacimi, ngoba inqubo yokupholisa injini ayisheshi nakancane futhi, yebo, ayipheli empumelelweni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi isitimela kufanele sihambisane nesimiso esiqinile, naphezu kwama-cataclysms.
