I-ZAZ

Okuqukethwe UmsunguliIsithombeUmlando wezimoto ze-ZAZImibuzo nezimpendulo: I-Zaporozhye Automobile Plant (isifinyezo ZAZ) yibhizinisi lokukhiqiza izimoto elakhiwa ngesikhathi se-USSR endaweni yase-Ukraine edolobheni laseZaporozhye. I-vector yokukhiqiza ihloselwe izimoto, amabhasi namaveni. Kunezinguqulo eziningana zokudalwa kwesitshalo: Eyokuqala isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi isitshalo sadalwa ekuqaleni, okukhethekile okwakuwukukhiqizwa kwemishini yezolimo. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngusozimboni waseDashi u-Abraham Koop ngo-1863. Kokwehluka kwesibili, usuku lwesisekelo luwela ku-1908 ngokusungulwa kweMelitopol Motor Plant, okwathi esikhathini esizayo kwaba umphakeli wamayunithi kagesi akhiqizwayo kuZAZ. Inketho yesithathu ihlobene no-1923, lapho inkampani esebenza ngemishini yezolimo i-Koopa ishintsha igama layo laba yi-Kommunar. U-Nikita Khrushchov weza nombono wokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kulesi sitshalo. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwezimoto kwakunobukhulu obuncane obufana "nombono weKhrushchev" ekufanekisweni kwamafulethi amancane angaleso sikhathi. Kakade ekwindla ka-1958, uhulumeni wase-USSR wathatha isinqumo sokushintsha i-vector yokukhiqiza ye-Kommunar kusuka emishini yezolimo ekudalweni kwezimoto ezincane. Inqubo yokuklama amamodeli ezimoto zesikhathi esizayo yaqala. Izimiso eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza kwakuyi-compactness, i-compactness, ubulula nokukhanya kwemoto. Imodeli yenkampani yase-Italy i-Fiat ithathwe njengesibonelo semodeli yesikhathi esizayo. Ukwakhiwa kwemoto kwaqala ngo-1956 futhi ngonyaka olandelayo kwakhululwa imodeli engu-444. I-Moskvich 444 edumile ihambisana cishe nazo zonke izici zemodeli ye-prototype. Ekuqaleni, imodeli kwakuhlelwe ukuba ihlanganiswe eMoscow plant MZMA, kodwa ngenxa yomthwalo osindayo, iphrojekthi idluliselwe ku-Kommunar. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa enye imodeli subcompact, imoto ZAZ 965 yayidume isidlaliso "Humpbacked", ngenxa umzimba. Futhi emva kwakhe, imodeli eyodwa ZAZ 966 nayo yakhiqizwa, kodwa yabona umhlaba ngemva kweminyaka engu-6 kuphela ngenxa yokucabangela kwezomnotho kweziphathimandla, ezazikubheka njengokuphana okungacabangeki ukukhiqiza izimoto ngonyaka. Ngokomlando, imodeli ngayinye entsha ekhishwe yahlolwa e-Kryml nguhulumeni, ngaleso sikhathi u-Nikita Khrushchev wayengusihlalo woMkhandlu Wezingqongqoshe. Kwesinye isenzakalo esinjalo, i-965 yaqanjwa ngokuthi "Zaporozhets". Ngo-1963, kwabekwa umqondo wokuklama imoto encane ene-front-wheel drive. Umhleli walo mbono kwakungunjiniyela uVladimir Stoshenko, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kwakhiqizwa amamodeli amaningana. Futhi, ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ukukhiqizwa kwamaveni namaloli kwaqala. Ngo-1987 i-"Tavria" edumile yabona umhlaba. Ngemva kokuwa kwe-USSR, izinkinga zezezimali zaqala e-ZAZ. Kwanqunywa ukuthola umlingani kumuntu wenkampani yangaphandle futhi bahlele ibhizinisi labo. Umzuzu obalulekile emlandweni wenkampani kwaba ukubambisana noDaewoo. Futhi i-ZAZ yaqala ukuhlanganisa amamodeli ale nkampani ngaphansi kwelayisensi. Futhi ngo-2003, kwenzeka izenzakalo ezimbili ezibalulekile: inkampani yashintsha uhlobo lwayo lobunikazi futhi manje yaba yi-CJSC Zaporozhye Automobile Building Plant kanye nesiphetho senkontileka nenkampani yezimoto yaseJalimane i-Opel. Lokhu kubambisana kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizeni izimoto, njengoba kwavulwa ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe obusha benkampani yaseJalimane. Inqubo yokukhiqiza isithuthukiswe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zeDaewoo ne-Opel, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zokukhathazeka kwe-KIA kwaqala ngo-2009. Ngo-2017, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kwamiswa, kepha ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezingasebenzi akuzange kume. Futhi ngo-2018 wamenyezelwa njengongenamali. Umsunguli weZaporozhye Automobile Building Plant wadalwa yiziphathimandla zaseSoviet. Uphawu Uphawu lwe-ZAZ lune-oval enohlaka lwensimbi olusiliva ngaphakathi okunemicu yensimbi emibili egijima ukusuka phansi kwesokunxele se-oval kuye kwesokudla. Ekuqaleni, uphawu lwethulwa njengokwenziwa samuntu kwesiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseZaporozhye. Umlando wezimoto ze-ZAZ Ekwindla ka-1960, i-ZAZ yakhipha imodeli ye-ZAZ 965. Imvelaphi yomzimba yamlethela udumo ngegama lesidlaliso elithi "Hunchback". Ngo-1966, kwaqhamuka i-ZAZ 966 enomzimba we-sedan onenjini engu-30 yamahhashi, ngemuva kwesikhashana kwaba khona inguqulo eguquliwe efakwa iyunithi yamandla ka-40-amahhashi, ekwazi ukusheshisa kuze kufike ku-125 km / h. I-ZAZ 970 kwakuyiloli eline-lift encane. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, kwakhiqizwa iveni engu-970B kanye nemodeli engu-970 V, ikhumbi enezihlalo eziyisi-6. Imoto yokugcina "yasekhaya" enenjini etholakala endaweni engemuva yayiyimodeli ye-ZAZ 968M. Umklamo wemoto wawuphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ulula kakhulu, owabiza imodeli phakathi kwabantu "i-Soapbox". Ngo-1976, kwasungulwa i-sedan edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili futhi kwasungulwa imoto eyi-hatchback enamasondo onke. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zaba yisisekelo sokudalwa kwe "Tavria". Ngo-1987 kwakuyi-debut ye-"Tavria" efanayo kumodeli ye-ZAZ 1102, enomklamo omuhle kanye nenani lesabelomali. 1988 yaklanywa "Slavta" ngesisekelo "Tavria", ifakwe umzimba sedan. Ngezidingo zefektri, ukuguqulwa kwemodeli 1991 M - 968 PM kwakhiqizwa ngo-968, ifakwe umzimba weloli ngaphandle kwekhebhu yangemuva. Ukubambisana noDaewoo kuholele ekukhishweni kwamamodeli afana neZAZ 1102/1103/1105 (Tavria, Slavuta, Dana). Imibuzo nezimpendulo: Ngabe i-ZAZ 2021 ikhiqiza ini? Ngo-2021, i-Zaporozhye Automobile Plant izokhiqiza amabhasi amasha esifundeni, futhi izokhiqiza ibhasi le-ZAZ A09 "i-suburban". Okungavamile kwaleli bhasi enjinini kanye nokudluliselwa okuvela kwaMercedes-Benz. IZAZ ikhiqiza ziphi izimoto? Lesi sitshalo saqala ukuhlanganisa iLada Vesta, i-X-Ray neLargus. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli amasha e-ZAZ kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamabhasi, ama-crossovers ase-French Renault Arkana ahlangene esitshalweni. I-ZAZ ivalwe nini? Imoto yokugcina yasekhaya enenjini yangemuva ye-ZAZ-968M yakhululwa ngo-1994 (Julayi 1). Ngo-2018, lesi sitshalo sayeka ukuhlanganisa izimoto zase-Ukraine.