Shaja izimoto zikagesi ngemizuzu eyi-10. nempilo ende yebhethri ngenxa ... yokushisisa. I-Tesla yayinayo iminyaka emibili, manje ososayensi bayisungula

Kukholakala ukuthi amaseli e-lithium-ion yesimanje asebenza kahle kakhulu ekamelweni lokushisa, njengoba enikeza ukuyekethisa okunengqondo phakathi kwejubane lokushaja nokuwohloka kwamaseli. Kodwa-ke, kuvela ukuthi ukushisisa ngaphambi kokushaja kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule amandla okushaja futhi akuthinti kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri.

Uhlu lokuqukethwe

• I-Mechanism evela ku-Tesla ngocwaningo lwesayensi
  • Inkinga enkulu ngamaseli e-lithium-ion yi-lithium evalelekile. Kuphakathi kwe-SEI noma i-graphite. Futhi i-lithium encane = umthamo omncane
  • Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme isikhathi esifushane = ukushaja okuphephile ngamandla engeziwe
  • Imiphumela? ezandleni zakho: ishaja 200-500 kW neminyaka engu-20-50 yempilo yebhethri

U-Tesla wengeze indlela yokushisa ngaphambi kwebhethri ezimotweni zakhe ngo-2017. emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Bekucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuzokwandisa ibanga lendiza ebusika futhi kusheshise ukushaja ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ukushisisa nokupholisa ngokwako bekungekona ukutholwa okukhethekile, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa amaseli apholile / ashisayo noma amaphakethe ebhethri aphelele.

> Apholiswa kanjani amabhethri ezimotweni zikagesi? [UHLU LWAMAMODILI]

Kwaphuma ukhiye Ukushisa ngendlela yokusheshisa inqubo yokushaja ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli.... Kubonakala sengathi ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwacaca ukuthi izinga lokushisa kufanele libe yini ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuphumula kushaja. Ukushisa ibhethri ngaphambi kokuxhuma ku-Supercharger (ukushisa kuqala ekugcineni ngo-2019: ukufudumeza ibhethri endleleni) kufakwe unomphela kusofthiwe kusukela i-Supercharger v3 yaqala ukusebenza ngoMashi 2019:

> I-Tesla Supercharger V3: Ibanga lemizuzu engu-270 elicishe libe ngu-10 km, amandla okushaja angu-250 kW, izintambo ezipholiswe uketshezi [buyekeza]

Ososayensi esikhungweni se-Electrochemical Motors ePenn State University basanda kufakazela ukuthi uTesla wayeqinisile. Futhi lokho kusho izimoto zikagesi zishajwa ngemizuzu eyi-10 z nomthamo wama-kilowatts angamakhulu amaningana i ungakhathazeki ngokuncipha komthamo webhethri amashumi eminyaka, kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa amangqamuzana ashiselwa kulo likhethwa ngokunembile.

Kodwa ake siqale kusukela ekuqaleni:

Inkinga enkulu ngamaseli e-lithium-ion yi-lithium evalelekile. Kuphakathi kwe-SEI noma i-graphite. Futhi i-lithium encane = umthamo omncane

Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile lokho izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza lamaseli e-lithium-ion izinga lokushisa legumbi... Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokupholisa okusebenzayo kwebhethri ziqinisekisa ukuthi amaseli awashisi ngokweqile (ngemuva kwakho konke, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugcina ama-degrees Celsius angama-20).

Ukushisa kwegumbi kukuvumela ukuthi ubambe ukukhula kwesendlalelo esidlulayo - ingxenye eqinile ye-electrolyte, enqwabelana ku-electrode futhi ibophe i-lithium ions; SEI - kanye nokuboshwa kwe-lithium ion ku-electrode ye-graphite. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kusho ukuthi zombili izinqubo ziyasheshisa. Lokhu ungakubona ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuqala.

> U-Tesla uphikiswana eJalimane. Okwe-"Autopilot", "Fully Autonomous Driving"

Ososayensi esikhungweni se-Electrochemical Motors bakuqinisekisile lokho Amaseli e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi abamba kuphela amacala angama-50 ku-6 ° C. (okungukuthi izikhathi ezingu-6 ngaphezu komthamo weseli, isibonelo, iseli engu-0,2 kWh ishajwa ngomthombo we-1,2 kW, njll.).

Ukuze uqhathanise, izixhumanisi ezifanayo:

• bafinyelela kalula 2 izindleko ku-500C (emotweni enebhethri engu-40 kWh ingu-40 kW, emotweni enebhethri engu-80 kWh ingu-80 kW, njll.),
• vele zahlala amanani angama-200 kuphela ku-4C.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthi "ukumelana" sisho ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-20 wamandla okuqala, ngoba yile ndlela igama eliqondwa ngayo embonini yezimoto.

Abacwaningi be-lithium-ion baye bazama iminyaka eminingi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwama-electrolyte noma ngokumboza ama-electrode ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubanjwa kwama-ion e-lithium. Ngoba i-lithium ion ehamba ebhethrini enesibopho somthamo wayo.

> I-Renault-Nissan itshala imali ku-Enevate: "Ukushaja ibhethri ngemizuzu emi-5"

Ngokungalindelekile, kwavela ukuthi inkinga ingaxazululwa kalula kakhulu. Kwanele ukushisa iseli ukunciphisa kakhulu inkinga yokubamba i-lithium ions. Ngeshwa, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme libangele ukwehla kwamandla eseli noma kunjalo: lapho i-encapsulation ye-lithium ku-electrode ilinganiselwe, inkinga yokukhula kwe-passivation layer (SEI) ayizange ixazululwe.

Hhayi ngenduku, kodwa ngenduku.

Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le isikhathi esifushane = ukushaja okuphephile ngamandla engeziwe

Nokho, ososayensi abavela kulesi sikhungo socwaningo bakwazile ukuthola indawo emaphakathi. Bambize Indlela yokushintsha izinga lokushisa kwe-asymmetric... Bashisisa i-elementi imizuzwana engu-30 iye ku-48 degrees Celsius, bese beyishaja imizuzu engu-10 ukuze uhlelo lugcine lusebenza futhi izinga lokushisa lehle.

Kungani kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10 kuphela ukushaja? Nokho, ku-6 C, lesi yisikhathi esanele sokushaja ibhethri kumaphesenti angu-80 womthamo wayo. I-6 C isho ukunikezwa kwamandla:

• 240 kW kuNissan Leaf II
• 400 kW kuHyundai Kona Electric 64 kWh,
• I-Tesla Model 480 ingu-3 kW.

Uma ishajwa ukusuka kumaphesenti angu-0 ukuya kwangu-80, la mandla aphezulu adinga imizuzu engu-10 yesikhathi sokuphumula seshaja. Nokho, uma izinga lokukhishwa kwebhethri liphansi (amaphesenti angu-10, amaphesenti angu-15, ...), inqubo yokugcwalisa amandla ithatha ngisho nangaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-10!

Indlela yokupholisa yebhethri kufanele kuphela iqinisekise ukuthi izinga lokushisa lebhethri alikhuphuki ngaphezu kwamadigri angu-50 (abacwaningi bathi 53 degrees Celsius) ukuze kukhawulwe izinga okwakhiwa ngalo ungqimba lwe-passivation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi esifushane sokushaja senza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa isikhathi sokukhula.

Imiphumela? ezandleni zakho: ishaja 200-500 kW neminyaka engu-20-50 yempilo yebhethri

Ososayensi bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi amaseli e-NMC622 aphathwa ngale ndlela ayakwazi ukumelana nokushaja oku-1 ngamandla angu-700 C kanye nokulahlekelwa kufika kumaphesenti angu-6 womthamo. Amashaji angama-20 awahlaba umxhwele kakhulu, kepha uma sishayela ikhilomitha elingu-1 ngonyaka futhi ibhethri inamandla angu-700 kWh, lokhu Umphumela uguqulwa ube iminyaka engu-23 yokusebenza.

Sengeza ukuthi amabhethri kanye nobubanzi bezimoto zikagesi zikhula, futhi amaPoles ngokuvamile ahamba ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha angu-20 80 ngonyaka, okusho ukuthi umthamo webhethri kufanele wehle kumaphesenti angu-30 cishe eminyakeni engu-50 kuya ku-XNUMX.

> Lapha! Imoto yokuqala kagesi enobubanzi bangempela be-600 km iTesla Model S Long Range.

I-Warto poczytać: ukushintshwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-asymmetric ukushaja okusheshayo kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion

Ukuvula isithombe: i-electroplated coating (i-lithium coating) ye-electrode kuya ngezinga lokushisa leseli (c) Isikhungo se-electrochemical motor

Lokhu kungase kube nentshisekelo kuwe: