Ukushaja kwebhethri yemoto namandla kagesi: kufanele abe yini?

Izinkomba ezibalulekile zebhethri yokugcina amandla ayo, amandla we-voltage ne-electrolyte. Ikhwalithi yokusebenza nokusebenza kwedivayisi kuncike kubo. Emotweni, ibhethri liphakela okokuqalisa okokuqalwa ukuqala i-injini bese linikezela ngogesi wemoto lapho kudingeka. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi imingcele yokusebenza yebhethri lakho nokugcina ukusebenza kwayo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa isimo esihle semoto isiyonke.

Amandla ebhethri

Okokuqala, ake sithole incazelo yegama elithi "voltage". Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu "ingcindezi" yama-electron akhokhisiwe adalwe ngumthombo wamanje ngokusebenzisa isekethe (ucingo). Ama-electron enza umsebenzi owusizo (ukufaka amandla ama-light bulbs, amayunithi, njll.). Amandla alinganiswa ngamaVolts.

Ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala umbane webhethri. Ama-probe wokuxhumana wedivayisi asetshenziswa kumatheminali ebhethri. Ngokusemthethweni, i-voltage ye-12V ibhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Amandla wangempela webhethri kufanele abe phakathi kuka-12,6V -12,7V. Lezi yizinkomba zebhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele.

Lezi zibalo zingahluka ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo nesikhathi sokuhlola. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokushaja, idivayisi ingakhombisa i-13V - 13,2V. Yize amanani anjalo nawo abhekwa njengamukelekayo. Ukuze uthole idatha efanele, udinga ukulinda ihora noma amabili ngemuva kokushaja.

Uma i-voltage yehla ngaphansi kwama-volts ayi-12, lokhu kusho ukukhishwa kwebhethri. Inani lamandla kagesi neleveli yokushaja ingaqhathaniswa ngokwethebula elilandelayo.

Amandla, Volt	Izinga lokushaja,%
12,6 +	100
12,5	90
12,42	80
12,32	70
12,20	60
12,06	50
11,9	40
11,75	30
11,58	20
11,31	10
10,5	0

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona etafuleni, i-voltage engezansi kwe-12V ikhombisa ukukhishwa kwebhethri okungama-50%. Ibhethri idinga ukushaja ngokushesha. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwenqubo yokuqedwa kwamapuleti kwenzeka. Ubuningi bamaconsi e-electrolyte. I-sulfuric acid yehla ngokubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali. Hola amafomu e-sulfate emapuletini. Ukushaja okufika ngesikhathi kuqala le nqubo kolunye uhlangothi. Uma uvumela ukukhishwa okujulile, khona-ke ibhethri selivele lizoba nzima ukuvuselela kabusha. Izokwehluleka ngokuphelele, noma izolahlekelwa kakhulu ngumthamo.

Amandla amancane lapho ibhetri ingasebenza khona kubhekwa njenge-11,9 Volts.

Kulayishiwe futhi kuthulwe

Ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi, ibhethri liyakwazi ukuqala injini. Into esemqoka ukuthi ngemuva kwalokho i-generator izokhokhisa ibhethri. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenjini, ibhethri linikezela nge-starter enkulu, ngenkathi ilahlekelwa kakhulu ekuphatheni. Uma ibhethri liphilile, ishaja ibuyiselwa kancane kancane kumanani ajwayelekile ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-5.

Amandla kagesi ebhethri elisha kufanele abe sebangeni le-12,6 - 12,9V, kepha lawa manani awakhombisi ngaso sonke isikhathi isimo sangempela sebhethri. Isibonelo, ekuphumuleni, ngaphandle kwabathengi abaxhunyiwe, i-voltage ingaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile, kepha ngaphansi komthwalo yehla kakhulu futhi ukukhokhiswa kudliwe ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba njalo.

Yingakho izilinganiso zithathwa ngaphansi komthwalo. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa idivaysi efana ne-plug plug. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi ngabe ibhethri liphethe ukushaja noma cha.

Ipulagi iqukethe i-voltmeter, iphenyo lokuxhumana kanye nekhoyili yomthwalo ezindlini. Idivayisi yakha ukumelana kwamanje okuphindwe kabili komthamo webhethri, kulingisa okwamanje kokuqala. Isibonelo, uma umthamo webhethri ungu-50A * h, khona-ke idivayisi ilayisha ibhethri ifike ku-100A. Into esemqoka ukukhetha ukumelana okulungile. Uma kweqiwe i-100A, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuxhunywe amakhoyili amabili wokumelana ukuze kutholakale imininingwane eyiyo.

Izilinganiso ezisindwayo zithathwa ngebhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele. Idivayisi ibanjwa imizuzwana emi-5, bese imiphumela iyarekhodwa. I-Voltage yehla ngaphansi komthwalo. Uma ibhethri lihle, lizokwehla liye kuma-volts ayi-10 bese lilulama kancane kancane liye kuma-volts ayi-12,4 nangaphezulu. Uma i-voltage yehlela ku-9V nangaphansi, khona-ke ibhethri alibambi shaja futhi alinaphutha. Noma ngemuva kokushaja, kungakhombisa amanani ajwayelekile - 12,4 V noma ngaphezulu.

Ubuningi be-Electrolyte

Izinga lamandla kagesi nalo likhombisa ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte. I-electrolyte uqobo iyingxube ye-35% sulfuric acid kanye namanzi ayi-65% afakiwe. Sesishilo ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid kuyancipha ngenkathi kukhishwa. Ukukhishwa okukhulu, ukwehla kwabantu. Lezi zinkomba zihlobene.

Ukukala ubukhulu be-electrolyte nolunye uketshezi, kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile - i-hydrometer. Esimweni esijwayelekile, ngokushaja okugcwele kuka-12,6V - 12,7V kanye nokushisa komoya okungu-20-25 ° C, ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kufanele kube ku-1,27 g / cm3 - 1,28 g / cm3.

Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ukuncika kobuningi abasezingeni lokushaja.

Ubuningi be-Electrolyte, g / cm3	Izinga lokushaja,%
1,27 - 1,28	100
1,25	95
1,24	90
1,23	80
1,21	70
1,20	60
1,19	50
1,17	40
1,16	30
1,14	20
1,13	10

Ukuphakama kobuningi, lapho ibhethri limelana kakhulu nokubanda. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lehlela ku -30 ° C nangaphansi, ubukhulu be-electrolyte bukhuphukela ku-1,30 g / cm3 ngokungeza i-sulfuric acid. Ubuningi obukhulu bungakhuphukela ku-1,35 g / cm3. Uma iphezulu, i-asidi izoqala ukonakalisa amapuleti nezinye izinto.

Igrafu engezansi ikhombisa ukufundwa kwe-hydrometer emazingeni okushisa ahlukene:

Ngesikhathi sasebusika

Ebusika, abashayeli abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukuqala injini njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla. Ibhethri liyeka ukusebenza ngokugcwele. Abanye abathandi bezimoto basusa ibhethri ubusuku bonke bese beyishiya ifudumele. Eqinisweni, lapho ishajiwe ngokuphelele, i-voltage ayiwi, kepha iphakama futhi.

Ukushisa okubandayo kuthinta ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte nesimo sayo somzimba. Lapho ishajiwe ngokugcwele, ibhethri likwazi ukubekezelela kalula isithwathwa, kepha ngokuncipha kwabantu, kunamanzi amaningi futhi i-electrolyte ingabanda. Izinqubo ze-Electrochemical zihamba kancane.

Ku -10 ° C -15 ° C, ibhethri elishajiwe lingakhombisa ukushaja okungu-12,9V. Lokhu kujwayelekile.

Ku-30 ° C, umthamo webhethri wehliswa ngesigamu samagama. Amandla kagesi ehlela ku-12,4V ngobukhulu obungu-1,28 g / cm3. Futhi, ibhetri iyeka ukushaja kusuka ku-generator esevele iku -25 ° C.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amazinga okushisa amabi angakuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhethri.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ibhethri eliwuketshezi lingahlala iminyaka engu-5-7. Ngenkathi efudumele, izinga lokushaja kanye nobukhulu be-electrolyte kufanele kuhlolwe okungenani kanye ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ebusika, ekushiseni okuphakathi kuka -10 ° C, ukukhokhiswa kufanele kuhlolwe okungenani kanye njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kumakhaza amabi -25 ° C-35 ° C, kungakuhle ukuthi uvuselele ibhethri njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, noma ngabe uhamba njalo.