Ukushintsha okupholile. Kufanele ushintshe nini

Isipholisi kufanele siguqulwe nini futhi ngani? Iyini imiphumela yokushintshwa okungakafiki isikhathi, okukhethwe ngokungafanele noma i-antifreeze yekhwalithi ephansi? Ungayifaka kanjani indawo yokupholisa ngokwakho? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo uzozithola ngezansi.

Kungani udinga i-antifreeze emotweni

Kusukela egameni kuyacaca ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko we-liquid ukupholisa. Yini ngempela into epholisayo okufanele zipholiswe futhi ngani?

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, kukhishwa inani elikhulu lokushisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokucindezela, lapho izinga lokushisa kumasilinda lifinyelela ku-2500 °, ngaphandle kokupholisa, injini izoshisa futhi ihluleke emaminithini ambalwa. Futhi, i-antifreeze igcina izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwenjini, lapho kufinyelelwa khona ukusebenza kahle kakhulu nomnotho wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. I-"cooler" inenzuzo yesibili - ukunikeza ingaphakathi lemoto ukushisa lapho isitofu sivuliwe, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwesistimu yokupholisa ngokushisa. Ngakho-ke, i-antifreeze:

• kuyaphola;
• igcina ukushisa okukhulu kwemoto;
• ivikela ukushisa ngokweqile.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwesipholisi silula: injini ineziteshi ezibizwa ngejazi lokupholisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lifinyelelwa, i-thermostat iyavuleka, bese ipompo lamanzi elingaphansi kwengcindezi linikezela uketshezi enjini, ngemuva kwalokho liyashisa lidlule ku-radiator, liphinde lingene enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi esevele ipholile. Ngaphezu komsebenzi oyinhloko, i-antifreeze inikeza izakhiwo ezilwa nokugqwala, iqeda ukwakheka kwesikali, inezindawo zokuthambisa ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwekhwalithi ephezulu nesikhathi eside se-thermostat nepompo.

Izinhlobo nokwehluka kwama-coolants

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokupholisa, ngayinye ehlukile ngezimpawu, umbala, impilo yenkonzo nokwakheka:

• G11 - i-antifreeze yendabuko, esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zasekhaya, kanye nezimoto zakwamanye amazwe, lapho injini yenzelwe imithwalo ephansi, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza alidluli ama-degree angama-90. I-G11 iqukethe ama-silicates nezinye izinto ngendlela yezithasiselo ezingaphili. Okukhethekile kwabo ukuthi i-antifreeze enjalo inikeza ifilimu eliminyene ebusweni bezingxenye zokupholisa ezivikela ukugqwala. Uma i-coolant ingashintshwa ngesikhathi, ifilimu ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo, iphenduka ibe yimvula, enciphisa ukuphuma kwesistimu, ivale iziteshi. Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe i-coolant njalo eminyakeni emi-2 noma njalo nge-70 km, umthethonqubo ofanayo uyasebenza kumkhiqizo we-TOSOL, onezici ezifanayo;
• G12 - leli yigama lokupholisa, elikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-organic acid (carboxylic). Le antifreeze ihlukaniswa yi-thermal conductivity engcono, kodwa ayihlinzeki ngefilimu evikelayo efana ne-G11. Lapha, ama-corrosion inhibitors asebenza ngokuqondile, uma kwenzeka, athunyelwa ku-foci, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokugqwala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhiwo zokupholisa kanye ne-anti-corrosion zilahlekile, ngokulandelana, uketshezi lushintsha umbala, ngakho-ke, umthethonqubo wokusetshenziswa kwe-G12 usethelwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 noma i-25 km. Lo mthetho usebenza futhi kuma-antifreeze ayingxube (G00)+ nama-carboxylate antifreezes (G000++);
• G13 - isizukulwane sakamuva emhlabeni wezinto ezipholile, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-lobrid. Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ze-antifreeze ngokuthi isisekelo sokwakheka lapha yi-propylene glycol (ezinye zine-ethylene glycol). Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-G13 ihambisana nemvelo futhi isezingeni eliphezulu. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalolu ketshezi yikhono lokugcina izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lezinjini zesimanje ezilayishwe kakhulu, kanti impilo yesevisi ihluka kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweyi-10, ibhekwa nangokuthi "ingunaphakade" - kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo.

Lapho ushintsha i-antifreeze enjinini

Umshini ngamunye unemithethonqubo yawo ekhombisa uhlobo lwesipholisi nesikhathi sokuphindisela. Ngokunamathela kuzincomo zefektri, ngokugcwalisa i-antifreeze oyifunayo, uzokwazi ukunweba impilo yezingxenye zohlelo lokupholisa, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwemithethonqubo, kunamacala angajwayelekile lapho kudingeka kakhulu ukushintsha isipholisi. 

Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini

Endabeni lapho kunokuthembela ekusebenzeni kwepompo yamanzi, i-thermostat, i-radiator kanye ne-tank cap yokunweba nge-valve yomoya, kepha injini iyashisa, isizathu silele kokupholisayo. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani i-coolant ingakwazi ukubhekana nokupholisa:

• impilo yokusebenza kwe-antifreeze iphumile, ayinikezeli ngezindawo zokuthambisa nokuqhuba ukushisa;
• ikhwalithi ye-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze;
• isilinganiso esingalungile samanzi acwecwe nge-antifreeze concentrate (amanzi amaningi);
• inani elinganele lokupholisa ohlelweni.

Noma yisiphi kulezi zizathu ezingenhla siholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, okusho ukuthi amandla nokusebenza kahle kwenjini kuyancipha, futhi nengozi yokwehluleka kweyunithi yamandla inyuka kaningana ngezinga ngalinye elizuziwe.

Injini ayifinyeleli ekushiseni okusebenzayo

Isizathu silele esilinganisweni esingalungile samanzi se-antifreeze. Imvamisa, abanikazi bezimoto ngephutha bathela i-concentrate emsulwa ohlelweni olugcina izakhiwo zayo futhi olungabandi ku -80 °. Kulokhu, injini ngeke ikwazi ukufudumeza kuze kufike kokushisa okusebenzayo; ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengozi yokulimaza izindawo zezingxenye zokupholisa.

Iphakeji ngalinye elinokugxila linetafula lokulinganisa, isibonelo: ukugxilisa akubambeki ku- -80 °, lapho isilinganiso samanzi acolisisiwe singu-1: 1, lo mkhawulo wehla usuka ku -40 °. Kubalulekile ukucabangela isifunda sokusebenza kwemoto, uma ebusika izinga lokushisa lingavamile ukwehla ngaphansi kuka -30 °, khona-ke ukuzola kwakho ungaxuba uketshezi 1: 1. Futhi, “okokupholisa” okwenziwe ngomumo kuyathengiswa ukuvimbela amaphutha anjalo.

Uma ngephutha uthele i-concentrate ehlanzekile, khona-ke udinga ukukhipha uhhafu ungene esitsheni ukuze ungene esikhundleni esilandelayo, bese ufaka inani elifanayo lamanzi. Ukuze unokwethenjelwa, sebenzisa i-hydrometer ekhombisa iphuzu lokuqandisa le-coolant.

Ukugqwala

Inqubo engathandeki ebhubhisa hhayi kuphela izingxenye zohlelo lokupholisa, kodwa futhi nenjini uqobo. Izici ezimbili zidlala indima ekwakheni ukugqwala:

• kukhona kuphela amanzi ohlelweni, futhi hhayi distilled;
• ukungabi khona kwezithasiselo zokulwa nokugqwala ku- "chiller".

Imvamisa, inqubo efanayo ibonakala lapho kuhlukaniswa izinjini zezimoto zaseSoviet, ezazihamba kakhulu emanzini. Okokuqala, i-scale deposits form, isigaba esilandelayo ukugqwala, futhi ezimweni ezithuthukisiwe, "idla" ngodonga phakathi kwejazi lokupholisa kanye nomgudu wamafutha, kanye nama-cylinder liners. 

Uma kwenzeka ukugqwala, kuzodingeka ukuthi usebenzise uhlelo ngamakhompiyutha akhethekile azosiza ukumisa inqubo yokulimaza, ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa i-antifreeze eqinisekisiwe esezingeni eliphakeme.

Inhlabathi

Ukwakheka kwendle kungaba ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• impilo yokusebenza kwento epholisayo yeqiwe;
• ukuxuba ukugxilwa emanzini angalashwa;
• isibhakela sekhanda lesilinda esifinyeziwe, ngenxa yokuthi uwoyela namagesi angena ohlelweni lokupholisa.

Uma imbangela itholakele, ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo koketshezi okushaywayo kuyadingeka. 

Kudingeka kangaki ukufaka esikhundleni

Ngaphandle kwemithetho ebekwe ngumkhiqizi wezimoto, kungcono ukushintsha uketshezi kaningi, cishe ngama-25% ngaphambi kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ngalesi sikhathi iphampu liguquka okungenani kanye, uketshezi luyakhanywa, ngemuva kwalokho luphinde luthululelwe ohlelweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-antifreeze inesikhathi sokwenza i-oxidize ngandlela thile, ilahlekelwe yimpahla yayo. Futhi, isikhathi sokushintsha sithonywe isitayela sokushayela, isifunda sokusebenza, kanye nendawo (imodi yedolobha noma idolobha). Uma imoto isetshenziswa kakhulu edolobheni, isipholisi sidinga ukushintshwa kaningi.

Ungayikhipha kanjani into yokupholisa

Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwenjini, kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo:

• khama ngompompi kurediyetha;
• nge-valve etholakala ku-cylinder block;
• lapho uqaqa ipayipi le-radiator engezansi.

Ukulandelana kokukhipha:

• ukufudumeza injini ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-40;
• vula ikhava yethangi lokunweba;
• imoto kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphakeme!;
• faka isiqukathi sevolumu edingekayo kuketshezi oludoti, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha isipholisi phansi;
• kuya ngokuguqulwa kwenjini, siqala inqubo yokukhipha i- "slurry" yakudala;
• ngamandla adonsela phansi, uketshezi ludonsa inani elingu-60-80%, ukuqinisekisa ukudonsa okuphelele, ukuvala ikepisi lamathangi wokunweba, ukuqala injini nokuvula isitofu ngamandla aphelele, ngenxa yokuthi konke okusamanzi okungaphansi kwengcindezi kuzophuma.

Ukuhlanza uhlelo lokupholisa injini

Kuyafaneleka ukukhipha isistimu yokupholisa ezimweni eziningana:

• ukushintshela kolunye uhlobo lwe-antifreeze noma omunye umkhiqizi;
• injini yayigijima emanzini;
• impilo yokusebenza kwento epholisayo yeqiwe;
• kungezwe i-sealant ohlelweni ukuqeda ukuvuza kwe-radiator.

Njenge-flushing, kunconywa ukuthi ukhohlwe ngezindlela "zakudala" futhi usebenzise ukwakheka okukhethekile okuqukethe okokuhlanza kanye nezithasiselo zokuhlanza. Isibonelo, kunamakhithi okugeza okuthambile kwemizuzu engu-5-7, ukusebenza kwawo kuyimpikiswano, noma ikithi yokuhlanza enezinyathelo ezimbili. Esigabeni sokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhipha uketshezi oludala, ugcwalise ibhodlela lokuhlanza ukugeza okuyinhloko, engeza amanzi ahlanzekile kumaki omncane. Injini kufanele igijime cishe isigamu sehora ezingeni lokushisa lama-90 degrees. Lolu hlelo lususwa isikali nokugqwala.

Isigaba sesibili sihilela ukususwa kwamadiphozili kawoyela nemikhiqizo yokubola epholisayo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhiphe amanzi kusuka ku-flush oyinhloko futhi wenze ukwakheka okusha. Imoto ihamba ngejubane elingenzi lutho imizuzu engama-30, ngemuva kokukhishwa kuketshezi oludoti, sigcwalisa uhlelo ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese siluyeka lusebenze eminye imizuzu eyi-15.

Umphumela uwuhlelo lokupholisa oluhlanzeke kunawo wonke, ukungabibikho kokugqwala, ukusekelwa kwensiza eshumekwe ku-antifreeze entsha.

Ukushintsha okupholisayo: imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ukufaka esikhundleni sesipholisi, sidinga:

• amathuluzi amancane;
• isiqukathi soketshezi lwemfucuza;
• uketshezi olusha ngevolumu edingekayo;
• iqoqo lamanzi uma kudingeka;
• amanzi acolisisiwe amalitha ama-5 okugeza;
• i-hydrometer;

Inqubo yokushintsha enye elandelayo:

• landela imiyalo yokuthi ukhipha kanjani uketshezi oludala;
• uma kunesidingo, gcwalisa uhlelo njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla;
• ukukhipha uketshezi oludala, ukuthembeka kokuxhuma kwamapayipi okupholisa nokuqina kompompi kuyahlolwa;
• uma uthenge amanzi agxiliwe kanye ne-distilled, khona-ke isilinganiso esidingekayo sihlanganisiwe, ohlola nge-hydrometer. Lapho ufinyelela uphawu olufunayo kumkhawulo wokuqandisa, qhubeka phambili;
• vula ikhava yethangi lokunweba bese ugcwalisa uketshezi kumaki ophakeme;
• vala isembozo, qala injini, uvule isitofu siye phezulu, masivume sisebenze ngesivinini esingenzi lutho naphakathi, kepha singavumeli izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-60 °;
• vula isembozo bese ukhuphuka phezulu kuze kufike uphawu oluphezulu, phinda inqubo, futhi lapho uketshezi luyeka ukushiya ithangi, uhlelo lugcwele.

Lapho ufaka indawo yokupholisa, uhlelo luphefumulelwa ngaphakathi; ukuze ususe umoya, udinga ukucindezela ipayipi eliphezulu lokupholisa nethangi noma ikepisi lerediyetha livulekile. Uzobona ukuthi amabhamuza omoya aphuma kanjani "kupholile", futhi ukungabikho komoya kuzokhonjiswa ngamapayipi aminyene okunzima ukuwakhama. 

Izilinganiso ezifanele

Umkhiqizi wezipholisi, okungukuthi ugxilisa, ukhombisa izici zesipholisi ngokuya ngenani lamanzi. Udinga amanzi angakanani we-antifreeze? Kakhulu kangangokuthi iphuzu lokuqandisa likwi-margin ye-10 degrees kunokuba kungenzeka endaweni yangakini. 

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ingabe ngidinga ukusula isistimu yokupholisa lapho ngishintsha isipholile? Ochwepheshe batusa ukugudluza isistimu, ngoba izinsalela ze-antifreeze esetshenzisiwe zingasabela ngesipholile esisha futhi zinciphise ukusebenza kwazo.

Ungayifaka kanjani indawo efanele i-antifreeze emotweni? I-fluid endala ikhishwa ku-radiator kanye ne-cylinder block (uma ihlinzekwe ngokuklama kwayo) futhi kuthelwa okusha. Ekuqaleni, umthamo udinga ukugcwaliswa.

Yini esetshenziswa njengesipholisa? I-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze (ngamunye wabo unemibala eminingana). Uma ukuwohloka kwenzeka, khona-ke isikhashana ungakwazi ukugcwalisa amanzi distilled.