Ukushintsha amafutha ngaphambi kokuya eholidini - umhlahlandlela
Ukuze iyunithi yamandla ibe sesimweni esihle, kuyadingeka ukushintsha uwoyela njalo. Injini izosusa amafayili ensimbi ajikeleza ohlelweni lokugcoba, futhi ukungqubuzana okuncane phakathi kwezingxenye kuzokwandisa impilo yenjini. Amafutha aphinde asebenze njengesipholisa isithuthuthu. Uma isidala, ishisa kuze kufike emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, ilahlekelwa yizinto zayo zokuzivikela futhi ithinte kabi isimo sezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye zeyunithi yokushayela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ACEA
Kunezigaba ezimbili zekhwalithi zamafutha ezimoto emakethe: i-API ne-ACEA. Eyokuqala ibhekisela emakethe yaseMelika, eyesibili isetshenziswa eYurophu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-European ACEA kuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamafutha:
(A) - amafutha ezinjini ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli
(B) - amafutha ezinjini ezijwayelekile zikadizili;
(C) - uwoyela ohambisana nohlelo lwe-catalytic lwezinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili ezinegesi ephumayo futhi enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwesibabule, i-phosphorus nomlotha one-sulphated
(E) - amafutha amaloli anenjini ye-diesel
Endabeni yezinjini ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili, imingcele kawoyela icishe ifane, futhi imvamisa uwoyela womkhiqizi onikeziwe, oqokiwe, ngokwesibonelo, i-A1 ejwayelekile, uyahambisana namafutha e-B1, naphezu kokuthi izimpawu zihlukanisa phakathi kukaphethiloli. namayunithi edizili. .
Uwoyela viscosity - kuyini?
Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha uwoyela wenjini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ibanga elifanele le-viscosity, elimakwe ngezigaba ze-SAE. Ngokwesibonelo, uwoyela 5W-40 inikeza ulwazi olulandelayo:
- inombolo 5 ngaphambi kwencwadi "W" - inkomba ye-viscosity yamafutha emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
- inombolo 40 emva ilitha "W" - uwoyela viscosity index emazingeni okushisa aphezulu;
- uhlamvu "W" kusho ukuthi amafutha ebusika, futhi uma ilandelwa inombolo (njengesibonelo), kusho ukuthi amafutha angasetshenziswa unyaka wonke.
Amafutha Enjini - Ibanga Lezinga Lokushisa Elisebenzayo
Ezimweni zezulu zasePoland, amafutha asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-10W-40 (asebenza emazingeni okushisa asuka ku -25⁰C kuya ku-+35⁰C), 15W-40 (kusuka -20⁰C kuya +35⁰C), 5W-40 (kusuka -30⁰C kuya +35⁰C). Umkhiqizi wezimoto ngamunye utusa uhlobo oluthile lukawoyela enjinini ethile, futhi lezi ziqondiso kufanele zilandelwe.
Amafutha enjini ezinjini ezinezihlungi zezinhlayiya
Izinjini zesimanje zikadizili zivame ukuhlonyiswa ngesihlungi se-DPF. Ukwandisa impilo yayo yesevisi, sebenzisa okuthiwa amafutha. i-SAPS ephansi, i.e. equkethe ukuhlushwa okuphansi okungaphansi kuka-0,5% womlotha one-sulphated. Lokhu kuzogwema izinkinga ngokuvala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesihlungi sezinhlayiya futhi kunciphise izindleko ezingadingekile zokusebenza kwaso.
Uhlobo lwamafutha - zokwenziwa, amaminerali, i-semi-synthetic
Lapho ushintsha uwoyela, kubalulekile ukunaka uhlobo lwayo - zokwenziwa, i-semi-synthetic noma amaminerali. Amafutha okwenziwa awezinga eliphezulu kakhulu futhi angasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Nokho, lawa amafutha abiza kakhulu. Amaminerali acutshungulwa kuwoyela ongahluziwe, okuhlanganisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-compounds angathandeki (sulphur, ama-hydrocarbons asebenzayo) alulaza izakhiwo zamafutha. Ukushiyeka kwayo kunxeshezelwa ngentengo ephansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona namafutha angama-synthetic, okuyinhlanganisela yamafutha okwenziwa kanye namaminerali.
Imayela lemoto nokukhetha kukawoyela
Kuyavunywa ukuthi amafutha okwenziwa angasetshenziswa kuphela ezimotweni ezintsha ezinamamayela afinyelela ku-100-000 km, uwoyela we-semi-synthetic - phakathi kuka-150-000 km, namafutha amaminerali - ezimotweni ezine-mileage ye-150 km. Ngokombono wethu, uwoyela zokwenziwa kuwufanele ukushayela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ivikela injini ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu. Ungaqala ukucabanga ngokuyishintsha kuphela lapho imoto iqala ukusebenzisa uwoyela. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokushintsha uhlobo lwamafutha, kufanelekile ukuyisa imoto kumakhenikha ozocacisa imbangela yokuvuza kwamafutha noma ukushiyeka kwayo.
Ingabe ufuna amafutha emoto yoqobo? Kuhlole lapha
