Vala usilingi ongaphezulu, ingxenye yesi-10
Isiphetho sokuhlela nokuthengwa kwempahla ngo-1936-39. Kwakukhona, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izibhamu ezilwa nezindiza ezingama-90 mm. Izisetshenziswa ezikuvumela ukuthi uvikele ngempumelelo izinhlelo zokuvikela umoya ezikhungweni ezinkulu zasemadolobheni nezimboni.
Ochungechungeni lwezihloko ezishicilelwe ku-Wojsko i Technika Historia ngo-2018 ngaphansi kwesihloko esivamile esithi "Vala uphahla olungaphezulu...", cishe zonke izihloko ezibhekene ngqo nezikhali ze-anti-aircraft zasePoland eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu, kanye nokuthi umlilo ohlobene kanjani kwaxoxwa ngemishini yokweseka. I-Polish Armed Forces, ngaphansi kohlelo lwesimanjemanje, ihlangabezane nochungechunge lokuya phezulu nokwehla okube nomthelela oqondile efomini yabo ngesikhathi sokuthula kanye nempumelelo yabo yokulwa ezingxabanweni ezihlomile. Esihlokweni esiqeda umjikelezo oshiwo ngenhla, umbhali wethula izici zokugcina zohlelo lwesimanje lokuvikela umoya lwe-Second Polish Republic, olwakhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi ufingqa yonke imizamo eyenziwa ngo-1935-1939.
Emhlanganweni weNational Social Security Service ngo-December 17, 1936, kwaphinde kwaxoxwa ngendaba yokuvikela umoya endaweni yasekhaya (OPL OK), okwaxoxwa ngayo ngaphambili ngo-February 7 no-31 July wonyaka ofanayo. Phakathi nengxoxo, isihloko sokuvikela ukwakheka, ikakhulukazi ukuhlukaniswa kwezingane, ezinsongweni ezivela emoyeni saphinde sathintwa. Ngokwezibalo ezavunywa ngaphambilini yi-KSUS, i-DP ngayinye kwakufanele ibe nama-platoons angu-4 wezibhamu ezingu-40 mm 2. Isiphakamiso esithakazelisayo senziwe lapha sokuthi ukuhlukaniswa, ngenxa yokuqina okufanele komlilo ezindaweni eziphakeme ezimaphakathi kanye namabanga angale kwebanga elisebenzayo lezibhamu ezingama-40 mm, kufanele ngaphezu kwalokho kube nebhethri elihlukile lezibhamu ezihambayo ezingama-75 mm. I-postulate ibonakala ilungile, ngoba ngale ndlela kwakufanele ibhekane nezindiza eziqhumayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhlolwa kwezikhali, okwabangela inkinga encane kumayunithi asebenzayo.
Ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwe-Starachowice 75 mm anti-aircraft guns, i-75 mm wz. I-97/25 yakha isisekelo sohlelo lokuvikela umoya lwasePoland.
Ngokusho kwamasosha asePoland, izimoto zokuhlola zazisebenza ngokwesilinganiso endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-2000 futhi zaziphakathi kwezibhamu ezingama-40 mm (uhla lwetiyori lwalesi sibhamu lwaluyi-3 km). Inkinga iwukuthi ukubonwa okuvela ekuphakameni okukhulunywe ngenhla kwenziwa ebangeni elingama-4-6 km ukusuka ezikhundleni zesitha. Leli banga lalingaphezu kwamandla e-wz. 36. Ukuze kube nomsebenzi ophumelelayo, umphathi webhethri lezibhamu ezisendaweni ephakathi nendawo kwakudingeka abe nendawo yakhe yokubona kanye neyokubika njengephuzu lokuqoqa idatha mayelana nokunyakaza kwamanje kombutho womoya wesitha, okungenani ngaphakathi kohlaka lomsebenzi owabelwe. kuye ukuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu. Okubalulekile lapha kwakuyisu eleqa uhlaka lwakudala lokudubula ngokubhekwa okuqondile nokuvunyelwa ukudubula ngendlebe (amadivayisi e-acoustic). Ngakho-ke isiphetho sokuthi amabhethri azimele kufanele asetshenziswe abafundi, nakuba kuleli zinga lomsebenzi wenhlangano yokuvikela umoya ebusuku akuzange kucatshangelwe (ukuntuleka kwezinto ezifanele, izibonisi, njll.).
Ngeshwa, ukuqiniswa kwekhava esebenzayo yendawo yomoya phezu kwe-DP bekufanele kwenzeke kuphela esigabeni sokugcina, sesithathu sohlelo lokwandisa. Eyokuqala yayihloselwe ukuhlomisa amayunithi amakhulu we-tactical ngemishini engu-40-mm, kanti eyesibili yayiyisiteji sokugcwalisa inani lezibhamu kumabhethri izingcezu ezingu-6 noma ezingu-8. Isigaba sesithathu siwukuhlinzekwa kwezinhlelo zokuvikela emoyeni ezisezingeni elingama-75 mm nangaphezulu embuthweni, endaweni yokulondoloza i-SZ nasesigabeni sokugcina se-DP. Ukucacisa isigaba sesithathu, sabuye sabonakala ngezigaba ezithile zemisebenzi:
- amalungiselelo okuvikela umoya eWarsaw kanye nokuqala komsebenzi wokuhlela ukuzivikela emoyeni kwezinye izikhungo ezibalulekile ezibalwe ngezansi;
- ukuhlomisa ukwakheka okukhulu kwezinga lokusebenza ngezikhali ezilwa nezindiza nokudala indawo yokulondoloza esenyakatho-ntshonalanga;
- ukulungiselela izwe lonke ukuze livikeleke emoyeni;
- ukuhlomisa amayunithi amakhulu obuhlakani ngezikhali ezengeziwe zokulwa nendiza ezingama-75 mm.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-1936, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kohlelo lokugqugquzela "Z", kwakukhona ireferensi ye-33 Infantry Division, ngakho-ke imfuneko elinganisiwe yayimi kanje: 264 40-mm izibhamu ze-DP, 78 40 13-mm izibhamu ze-BC, 132 75-mm izibhamu ze-DP. Amayunithi ezimoto (ama-MU) awazange afakwe ekubalweni, nakuba ukunyuka kwahlala kuvuliwe.
Izinombolo zikabhuki zingafika ku-15.
Isimo kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinga sasingathandeki kangako. iyunithi enkulu yokusebenza, i.e. iqembu elisebenzayo elihlukile noma ibutho, inani lalo esimweni sika-N noma u-R ekuqaleni lalibekwe ku-7. Ngamunye wabo kwakufanele abe no-1-3 wezigaba zawo ezixubile, inani eliphelele okufanele lingeqi ku-12. Ukwakheka kwazo zonke kwaba kanje: 3 amabhethri 75-mm izibhamu - 4 izibhamu, 1 inkampani 150 cm izibani zokusesha - iziteshi 12, 1 ibhethri izibhamu 40mm - izibhamu 6 (3 platoons). Izibhamu ezingu-144 75 mm sezizonke, izibani zokusesha ezingu-144 150 cm, zinganono ezingama-72 40 mm kanye nezibhamu ezinkulu ezingu-144. Nokho, izinto ezintsha eziningi zivela ezingeni le-OK NW kanye ne-VL, ngayinye ehlukaniswe izikhombisi-ndlela ezisempumalanga nesentshonalanga, zigqamisa izikhombisi-ndlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwezindiza zesitha (Ithebula 1). Umkhuzi oyinhloko, esimweni sika-N noma u-R, kufanele abe neziqenjana zezikhali ezilwa nezindiza ezisindayo ezingu-5, umsebenzi oyinhloko wawo ukuvikela izikhungo zokulawula ezisezindaweni eziyingozi. Umugqa ngamunye we-NW wawuzoba namabhethri angu-3 ezibhamu ezingu-90-105 mm (izibhamu ezingu-12), inkampani eyodwa yezibani zokusesha ezingu-1 mm kanye nebhethri elilodwa lama-150 mm guns (1 izibhamu).
Ingqikithi: 60 90-105 mm inganono, 60 150 cm izibani zokusesha, 30 40 mm kanye nezibhamu ezinkulu ezingu-60. Ekugcineni, indawo yangaphakathi, elele ngokuphelele ekufinyeleleni kwezindiza zesitha, ezihlanganisa i-10 okuthiwa. izifunda kanye nezikhungo zasemadolobheni ezi-5 eziqinile. Laba bakamuva bafakwe ohlelweni ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezikhungo zokuxhumana kanye nezikhungo ezibalulekile zombuso, obekufanele zibe nokuvikeleka okungenani okuncane ezinsongweni ezivela emoyeni. Kucatshangelwa izidingo zasekhaya, kwakuhlelwe ukudala izinhlobo ezimbili zamayunithi: amaqembu akhanyayo ngesimo seqembu lama-75 mm semi-stationary noma izibhamu ezihambayo - amabhethri ama-3, inkampani eyodwa yokusesha - okuthunyelwe okungu-1, ibhethri elingu-12 mm izibhamu. kanye nezikhali eziyisi-1; amaqembu amade okubunjwa okufanayo, kodwa izibhamu ze-anti-aircraft ezingu-40-6 mm kufanele zithathe indawo yezibhamu ezingu-90 mm.
Sekukonke, ingxenye yokugcina yesambulela esilwa nendiza ye-Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth yayizoba nezinganono ezingama-336 75-mm, izibhamu ezingama-48 90-105-mm, izibani zokusesha ezingama-300/384 150-cm kanye nomshini osindayo ongu-384. izibhamu. Sekukonke, ukuqaliswa kwaso sonke isiphakamiso "seNhlangano Entsha Yezikhali Zokulwa Nezindiza" bekuwukuheha izibhamu ezilwa nezindiza eziyi-1356 WP, izibani zokusesha ezingama-504/588 ezilwa nezindiza kanye nezibhamu ezisindayo ezingama-654 ukuvikela izindawo zokudubula amabhethri ukuphakama. ukuphakama kufika ku-800 m.h. ukufaka esikhundleni ingxenye yesibhamu somshini esisindayo esingu-NKM esingu-20 mm. Amanani aqukethwe esihlokweni ayemangalisa ngempela, kuyilapho iminyaka yokuqala yokuqaliswa kwenhlangano entsha yokuthula, eqokwe okungenani isikhathi sika-1937-1938, yayizosetshenziselwa ukwamukela imishini engenayo engu-40 mm kanye nokuqeqeshwa okusheshayo kwabasebenzi. .
