Umthetho we-Universal repulsion

Ekupheleni kuka-2018, kwaqubuka ingxoxo emphakathini wamazwe omhlaba wezazi zefiziksi mayelana nokushicilelwa okunempikiswano kaJamie Farnes wase-University of Oxford, lapho ezama ukuchaza udaba olumnyama namandla amnyama ngemuva kwezinsolo zokusebenzelana kwabantu abaningi okubi. ngena endaweni yonke eyaziwayo.

Umbono ngokwawo awumusha kangako, futhi ekusekeleni umbono wakhe, umbhali ucaphuna uHerman Bondi nabanye ososayensi. Ngo-1918, u-Einstein wachaza i-cosmological constant, ayibeka njengenguquko edingekayo yenkolelo-mbono yakhe, "edingekayo ukuze kube nesikhala esingenalutho sokudlala indima yamandla adonsela phansi angalungile endaweni yonke kanye nesisindo esibi esihlakazekile emkhathini."

U-Farnes uthi ubuningi obunegethivu bungakwazi ukuchaza ukucaba kwamajika okuzungeza komthala, izinto ezimnyama, ukwakheka okukhulu okufana nokuhlangana komthala, kanye nesiphetho sokugcina somkhathi (kuzokhula ngokujikeleza futhi kunciphe).

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iphepha lakhe liphathelene "nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezimnyama namandla amnyama". Ukuba khona kwe-negative mass matter emkhathini kungase kuthathe indawo yamandla amnyama, futhi kuqede nezinkinga eziye zachazwa yilokhu kuze kube manje. Esikhundleni sezinto ezimbili ezingaqondakali, kuvela eyodwa. Lokhu ukuhlanganisa, nakuba kuseyinkinga kakhulu ukunquma le nqwaba engalungile.

I-negative massnakuba lo mqondo ubulokhu waziwa emibuthanweni yesayensi okungenani iminyaka eyikhulu, uthathwa njengengavamile izazi zefiziksi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungawuboni ngokuphelele. Nakuba kumangaza abaningi amandla adonsela phansi isebenza kuphela njengokukhanga, kodwa lapho kungekho bufakazi obuphambene nalokho, abasikiseli masinyane mass negative. Futhi lena ngeke ihehe, kodwa ixoshe, ngokusho "komthetho wokwenqaba kwendawo yonke."

Ukuhlala ku-hypothetical sphere, kuyathakazelisa lapho isisindo esivamile esaziwa yithi, i.e. "positive", ihlangana nenqwaba engalungile. Umzimba onesisindo esihle uheha umzimba onesisindo esingalungile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uxosha isisindo esibi. Ngamanani aphelele asondelene, lokhu kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi into eyodwa izolandela enye. Kodwa-ke, ngomehluko omkhulu kumanani oquqaba, ezinye izenzakalo nazo zingenzeka. isibonelo, i-apula laseNewtonian elinesisindo esingalungile lizowela eMhlabeni ngendlela efanayo ne-apula evamile, ngoba ukuxoshwa kwayo ngeke kukwazi ukukhansela ukukhanga kwayo yonke iplanethi.

Umqondo ka-Farnes uthatha ukuthi i-Universe igcwele "indaba" yesisindo esibi, nakuba lokhu kuyigama elingelona iqiniso, ngoba ngenxa yokunyanyiswa kwezinhlayiya, le ndaba ayizenzi izwakale ngokukhanya noma nganoma yimiphi imisebe. Nokho, umphumela onyanyekayo wokugcwala okungekuhle kwesikhala “obamba imithala ndawonye,” hhayi izinto ezimnyama.

Ukuba khona kwalolu ketshezi olulungile olunesisindo esingalungile bungachazwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubheka amandla amnyama. Kodwa izingqapheli ziyoqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ukuminyana kwalolu ketshezi olufanelekile endaweni yonke ekhulayo kufanele kwehle. Ngakho-ke, amandla okuxoshwa kwenqwaba engalungile kufanele futhi ehle, futhi lokhu, kungabangela ukwehla kwezinga lokunwetshwa kwe-Universe, eliphikisana nedatha yethu yokuqaphela "ngokuwa" kwemithala, kancane kancane iyancipha. ukuxosha izixuku ezingezinhle.

U-Farnes unogwaja ophuma esigqokweni salezi zinkinga, okungukuthi ikhono lokudala uketshezi olusha oluphelele njengoba lukhula, alubiza ngokuthi "i-creation tensor". Okuhlanzekile, kodwa, ngeshwa, lesi sixazululo sifana nendaba emnyama namandla, ukuphindaphindeka kwawo kumamodeli wamanje usosayensi osemusha wayefuna ukukhombisa. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokunciphisa izidalwa ezingadingekile, sethula isidalwa esisha, esinesidingo esingabazisayo.