Kungani imikhumbi yaseChile?
Enye yamafrigate amathathu aseChilean British Type 23 - Almirante Cochrane. Ingabe bazojoyinwa eminye imikhumbi yalolu chungechunge esasebenza neRoyal Navy? Isithombe US Navy
Ukwenza kube lula, ngaphandle kobubi noma umona, i-Armada de Chile ingabizwa ngokuthi "imikhumbi yesandla sesibili". Leli gama liyiqiniso, kodwa incazelo yalo ehlazisayo ayibonisi ukubaluleka kwalolu hlobo lwamabutho ahlomile e-Chile, noma imizamo yeziphathimandla zezwe zokwakha nokugcina ibutho lasolwandle lesimanjemanje.
Itholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, iChile ihlanganisa indawo engu-756 km950 futhi ihlalwa abantu abangu-2. Kuhlanganisa cishe iziqhingi neziqhingi ezingu-18 eziseduze nezwekazi kanye nasePacific Ocean. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: Isiqhingi sase-Easter - esibhekwa njengenye yezindawo eziqhelile kakhulu emhlabeni kanye neSala y Gómez - isiqhingi esisempumalanga yePolynesia. Eyokuqala iqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-380 000, kanti eyesibili iqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-3000 3600 ukusuka ogwini lwaseChile. Leli zwe lihlanganisa nesiqhingi saseRobinson Crusoe, esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-3210 kuphela ukusuka eChile, esiqanjwe ngeqhawe lenoveli kaDaniel Defoe (isibonelo kwakungu-Alexander Selkirk, owahlala esiqhingini ngo-600). Umngcele wasolwandle wezwe ungamakhilomitha ayizi-1704 ubude kanti umngcele wakhona ungamakhilomitha ayi-6435 ubude. Ububanzi be-latitudinal baseChile bungaphezu kuka-6339 km, kanti ububanzi bendawo endaweni yayo ebanzi bungama-4300 km (engxenyeni yezwekazi).
Indawo yezwe, ukuma kwemingcele yalo kanye nesidingo sokulawula ngempumelelo iziqhingi ezikude kubangela izinselele ezinkulu emabuthweni alo ahlomile, ikakhulukazi amasosha asolwandle. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi indawo yezomnotho e-Chile kuphela njengamanje ingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3,6 km2. Indawo ye-SAR eyabelwe i-Chile ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe inkulu kakhulu, ihlanganisa cishe izigidi ezingama-26 km2. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinga lobunzima nobunkimbinkimbi bemisebenzi ebhekene nebutho lezempi laseChile lingakhula kuphela. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iChilean ithi ingxenye ye-Antarctica neziqhingi eziseduze nendawo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1,25 km2. Le ndawo isebenza emiqondweni yezakhamizi zezwe njenge-Chilean Antarctic Territory (Territorio Chileno Antártico). Izinhlelo zase-Chile zivinjelwa isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe ngendlela yeSivumelwano sase-Antarctica, kanye nezimangalo ezenziwe yi-Argentina ne-Great Britain. Kungase futhi kwengezwe ukuthi i-95% yezimpahla zaseChile ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zishiya izwe ngemikhumbi.
Ezinye izinombolo...
Amabutho ahlomile aseChile athathwa njengomunye wamabutho aqeqeshwe kakhulu nahlomile eNingizimu Melika. Sebebonke, bangamasosha angu-81 000, angu-25 000. EChile, kunenkonzo yezempi eyimpoqo ethatha izinyanga ezingu-12 endabeni yezindiza nezomhlaba kanye nezinyanga ezingu-22 ebuthweni lasolwandle. Isabelomali samasosha ase-Chile silinganiselwa ku-USD 5135 million. Ingxenye yezimali zokuxhasa amasosha ngezimali ivela enzuzweni etholwe inkampani kahulumeni i-Codelco, ehola umhlaba wonke ekukhiqizeni nasekuthumeleni ithusi kwamanye amazwe. Ngokomthetho wase-Chile, inani elihlanganisa u-10% yenani lokuthekelisa lenkampani linikezwa minyaka yonke ngokwezinjongo zokuvikela. Izimali ezingasetshenzisiwe zitshalwa kusikhwama samasu, esibiza cishe amabhiliyoni ama-USD 5.
…kanye nomlando omncane
Umsuka we-Armada de Chile usukela ngo-1817 nezimpi ezazilwela inkululeko yezwe. Ngemva kokuwunqoba, iChile yaqala ukwanda kwendawo, lapho amabutho asolwandle adlala indima ebalulekile. Ngokombono womlando wezempi, izenzakalo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zenzeka phakathi neMpi YePacific, eyaziwa nangokuthi iMpi Ye-Nitrate, eyalwa ngo-1879-1884 phakathi kweChile kanye namabutho ahlangene asePeru naseBolivia. Umkhumbi we-museum we-Huáscar usukela kulesi sikhathi. Ekuqaleni kwempi, leli qapha lasebenza ngaphansi kwefulegi lasePeru futhi, naphezu kokuphakama okukhulu kweNavy YaseChile, kwaphumelela kakhulu. Ekugcineni, leli yunithi lathathwa yiChile futhi namuhla lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokukhumbula umlando wemikhumbi yawo womabili la mazwe.
Ngo-1879, amabutho aseChile enza umkhankaso we-amphibious owaholela ekuthunjweni kwechweba nedolobha lasePisagua. Manje sekubhekwa njengesiqalo senkathi yesimanje yokusebenza kwe-amphibious. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, kwaphinde kwahlala futhi, kusetshenziswa izikebhe eziyisicaba ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa kwamasosha ogwini. Ukunikeza isici esisha ekusebenzeni kwe-amphibious kuwumnikelo oqondile we-Armada de Chile ekuthuthukisweni kwempi yasolwandle. Iminikelo engaqondile eka-Alfred Thayer Mahan ethi The Influence of Sea Power On History. Le ncwadi yaba nomthelela omkhulu embonweni wezwe, yaba nengxenye emncintiswaneni wezikhali zasolwandle owaphela ngeMpi Yezwe I. Le mibono equkethwe kuyo yazalwa ngesikhathi sokubhekwa kwempi ye-nitrate futhi ngokusobala yakhiwe ekilabhini yabanumzane enhlokodolobha yasePeru - iLima. I-Chilean Navy cishe iphethe irekhodi lokusebenzisa amabutho asolwandle endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Phakathi nempi, ngo-1883, yahambisa isikebhe se-torpedo i-Colo Colo (amamitha angu-14,64 ubude) yayisa eLake Titicaca, eqhele ngamamitha angu-3812 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, yasisebenzisela lapho ukuze igade futhi ilawule leli chibi.
Njengamanje, indawo yokusebenza ye-Armada de Chile ihlukaniswe izifunda ezi-5 lapho imiyalo ngayinye inesibopho sokwenza imisebenzi. Isisekelo esiyinhloko samandla angaphezulu (Escuadra Nacional) okuhloswe ngaso ukwenza imisebenzi endaweni yolwandle sise-Valparaíso, kanye nesizinda esiyinhloko samabutho angaphansi kwamanzi (Fuerza de Submarinos) e-Talcahuano. Ngaphezu kwezinhlangano zemikhumbi, ibutho lasolwandle lihlanganisa ne-Air Force (Aviacón Naval) kanye ne-Marine Corps (Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina).
