Ingabe i-JTD motors yehluleka iphephile? Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe nokusebenza

I-JTD isifinyezo segama elithi uniJet Turbo Diesel, i.e. Izinjini ze-diesel ezifakwe ezimotweni zeqembu le-Fiat.

AmaNtaliyane abhekwa njengabanduleli bohlelo lomjovo oqondile, naphezu kokuthi ezinye izingxenye zanikezwa abakhiqizi baseJalimane. Mayelana neminyaka engaphezu kuka-25, kungashiwo ukuthi igalelo leFiat ekuthuthukisweni kwezinjini zikadizili lilikhulu kakhulu. Kwakungumkhiqizi wase-Italy ngeminyaka yama-80s owethula injini yokuqala kadizili ngomjovo oqondile wamafutha, owafakwa kumodeli weCroma.

Izimbangi zemakethe azizange zingabi nandaba futhi zithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe babo unyaka nonyaka, futhi okwamanje, i-Fiat yathatha elinye igxathu ukuya phambili futhi yethula imoto yokuqala emhlabeni enenjini ye-diesel evamile ngaphansi kwe-hood. Kwakuyisikhathi sokuphumelela ngempela. Okuwukuphela kwento edale ukungabaza kwakuwukuqina komklamo omusha namayunithi enjini.

Izinjini ze-JTD. Izinguqulo zeDrayivu

Injini encane kunazo zonke ye-JTD yayinevolumu yamalitha angu-1.3, kwakuyinguqulo yayo eyisisekelo (eyenziwe ePoland), okwathi ngo-2005 yathola umklomelo okhethekile, ngokunembile isihloko esihlonishwayo esithi "Injini Yomhlaba Wonke Yonyaka" esigabeni samayunithi kuze kube manje. 1.4 amalitha. Injini eklonyelisiwe yayitholakala ngezinketho ezimbili zamandla: 70 hp. kanye 90hp ku: Fiat 500, Grande Punto, Opel Astra, Meriva, Corsa noma Suzuki Swift.

Kusukela ngo-2008, umenzi unikeze nenguqulo engu-1.6-litre enama-90 hp, angu-105 hp. kanye 120hp ngokulandelana. Okunamandla kakhulu, kwakunesihlungi se-DPF yefekthri, esivumela ukuthi sihlangabezane nesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwe-Euro 5. Ingase i-odwe, phakathi kwabanye, i-Fiat Bravo, i-Grande Punto, i-Lancia Delta noma i-Alfa Romeo MiTo. I-1.9 JTD edumile iqale ukuvela ku-Alfa Romeo 156. I-1.9 JTD UniJet enamavalvu ayisishiyagalombili yayisukela ku-80 kuya ku-115 hp, i-MultiJet isuka ku-100 iye ku-130 hp, kanye ne-MultiJet enama-valve ayisithupha isuka ku-136 kuya ku-190 hp. Ibonakale kumamodeli amaningi e-Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia, Opel, Saab kanye neSuzuki.

Injini engu-2.0 MultiJet ibitholakala nakhona emakethe, kanti lokhu akusilutho ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwe-1.9 MultiJet enamandla angu-150 hp. Umthamo wokusebenza ukhuphuke ngo-46 cubic metres. cm ngokwandisa ububanzi bamasilinda ukusuka ku-82 kuya ku-83 mm. Enjinini yesimanje, isilinganiso sokucindezela sincishisiwe, okwaba nomthelela omuhle ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyunithi ithole isihlungi sezinhlayiya kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza kabusha kwegesi ye-EGR exhaust. I-2.0 MultiJet ibitholakala kwezinye i-Fiat ne-Lancia ngohlobo lwe-140 hp, nase-Alfa Romeo lapho ikalwe khona ku-170 hp.

Bheka futhi: I-Skoda Octavia vs. Toyota Corolla. I-Duel esigabeni C

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhathazeka kwalungiselela i-design entsha ye-JTD enevolumu yamalitha angu-2.2 kuzinketho ezimbili zamandla - 170 hp. kanye ne-210 hp, yakhelwe izimoto zezemidlalo ze-Maserati ne-Alfa Romeo, futhi ikakhulukazi amamodeli e-Ghibli, Levane, Stelvio kanye ne-Giulia. . Uhla lwase-Italy luhlanganisa nenguqulo engu-5-cylinder enamandla angu-2.4 litres, kanye nezinjini ezingu-2.8 nezingu-3.0. Enkulu kunazo zonke yayinikezelwe ezimotweni ezifana neMaserati Ghibli neLevante, kanye neJeep Grand Cherokee neWrangler.  

Izinjini ze-JTD. Ukusebenza nokungasebenzi kahle

Izinjini zama-Italian JTD kanye ne-JTDM ngokungangabazeki ziyintuthuko eyimpumelelo, okungase kumangaze kwabanye. Ukwephuka okungathi sína akuvamile, ukuphuka okuncane kuyenzeka, kodwa lokhu kungenxa yebanga elihamba phambili, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile noma okukhulu kakhulu, noma ukulungiswa okwanele, osekulula ukukuthola.

• I-1.3 MultiJet

Inguqulo eyisisekelo (isizukulwane sokuqala) efakwe ku-Fiats ine-turbocharger ene-fixed blade geometry, enamandla kakhulu ine-geometry turbine eguquguqukayo. Inzuzo engangabazeki yale motor encane yisistimu yokusabalalisa igesi, esekelwe ku-chain kanye ne-clutch eyodwa-mass eqinile. Ngokugijima okungaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-150 - 200. km, kungase kube nenkinga nge-valve ye-EGR.

Lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, kufanele unake i-pan kawoyela, etholakala phansi kakhulu, okwenza kube sengozini yokulimala. Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zale yunithi yamandla emakethe: enesihlungi sezinhlayiya zikadizili esithobelana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-Euro 5 futhi ngaphandle kwesihlungi sezinhlayiyana zikadizili esihlangabezana nezinga le-Euro 4.

Imvamisa, izihlungi zitholakala ezimotweni ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe, lapho izinga le-Euro 5 lisebenza khona kusukela ngo-2008, futhi ePoland livele kuphela ngo-2010. Khonamanjalo, ngo-2009, isizukulwane sesibili i-1.3 Multijet yethulwa ngesihlungi se-particle efakwe efekthri. Lona ukwakhiwa okuqinile ukuthi, ngokulungiswa okufanele, kungahamba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200-250. amamayela ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

• I-1.6 MultiJet

Injini yavela ngo-2008 futhi ingeye-1.9 JTD. Isisekelo se-motor yi-cast-iron block enama-camshaft amabili aqhutshwa ibhande. Kulo mklamo, onjiniyela bagxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokunciphisa intuthu ekhishwa yizimoto. I-1.6 MultiJet inamasilinda amane, iCommon Rail system yesizukulwane sesibili kanye nomklamo olula.

I-turbocharger ene-fixed blade geometry ingatholakala ezinguqulweni ezingu-90 no-105 hp. Izinhlobonhlobo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu azinaso isihlungi se-particle. Kule njini, i-Fiat isebenzise esinye sezixazululo ezithakazelisa kakhulu, okungukuthi isihlungi se-DPF safakwa ngokushesha ngemva kwe-compressor, eyaba nomphumela omuhle ekufinyeleleni izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokushiswa kwe-soot - okwenza isihlungi singabi nasondlo.

• 1.9 I-JTD Unijet

Singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi lena yi-flagship motor yomkhiqizi wase-Italy. Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwayo sehle ngo-1997 - 2002. Umklamo wama-valve ayisishiyagalombili wawutholakala ngezinketho eziningi zamandla, izinjini zihluke ngohlobo lwemishini esetshenziswayo, kufaka phakathi. ama-manifolds, ama-injection nama-turbos.

80 hp inguqulo yayine-turbocharger ene-geometry engaguquki yama-blades, okunye - nge-geometry eguquguqukayo. Isistimu yomjovo we-solenoid yahlinzekwa ngabakwa-Bosch futhi ingakhandwa ngokushibhile uma kwenzeka ingasebenzi kahle. Imitha yokugeleza kanye ne-thermostat, kanye ne-EGR, ingaba yisimo esiphuthumayo (ivaliwe). Ngamamayela amaningi, ingase ingqubuzane ne-dual mass flywheel, uma lokhu kwenzeka, ingashintshwa i-flywheel eyodwa enkulu.  

• 1.9 8В / 16В MultiJet

Umlandeli uvele ngo-2002 futhi, ngokungafani nowandulelayo, uhluke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komjovo we-Common Rail II. Ochwepheshe batusa kakhulu izinketho ze-valve engu-8. Kulokhu, ama-nozzles nawo ahlinzekwa yinkampani yaseJalimane i-Bosch. Okuvame kakhulu emakethe inguqulo ye-120-horsepower. Umnikelo womkhiqizi uhlanganise nenjini engu-1.9-litre twin-supercharged. Kuwumklamo othuthuke kakhulu futhi kuyabiza ukuwulungisa. Ngo-2009, kwasungulwa isizukulwane esisha sezinjini ze-Multijet 2.

• 2.0 I-MultiJet II

Umklamo omusha wawusekelwe kulowo womfowethu omncane. Injini yenzeke izinguquko eziningi eziye zayivumela ukuthi ihambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhishwa kwe-Euro 5. Iyunithi isebenza njengejwayelekile ngesisefo se-DPF kanye ne-valve ye-EGR elawulwa ngogesi. Isistimu yomjovo wesitimela evamile (ehlinzekwa yi-Bosch) idala ingcindezi ye-2000 bar, i-valve ye-hydraulic ilinganisa ngokunembile inani likaphethiloli, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwenjini. Abasebenzisi bokufaka babika izinkinga ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kukawoyela, isihlungi se-DPF kanye nevalvu ye-EGR, engugesi futhi ebiza kakhulu ukushintshwa. Kulesi simo, ungathola futhi inguqulo ye-biturbo, engabiza futhi enzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa.

• 2.2 I-JTD

Ngokweminye imibono, injini yadalelwa izidingo zamaveni asezingeni eliphakathi ahlinzekwa yiFiat noLancia. Ngokobuchwepheshe, lesi yisakhiwo se-PSA - ngohlelo lwe-Common Rail. Ngo-2006, onjiniyela benza izinguquko ezinkulu kanye namandla anda. Ochwepheshe banaka ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-injector (ngenhlanhla, bangakwazi ukuvuselelwa), kanye namasondo amabili-mass kanye nesihlungi se-particle.  

• 2.4 20 V MultiJet 175/180 km

Injini yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2003, yayinomjovo oqondile wama-valve angama-20 kanye nesizukulwane sesibili se-MultiJet eqondile, kanye ne-geometry turbocharger kanye nesihlungi se-DPF. Inzuzo engangabazeki yokuklama i-dynamics enhle kakhulu, ukuvutha okunengqondo kanye nesiko lomsebenzi. Izingxenye zibiza kakhulu, inkinga ingase ibe kusihlungi se-DPF kanye nevalvu ye-EGR.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu kuwumklamo othuthukisiwe, ngakho-ke izindleko zokulungisa aziphansi. Inguqulo yangaphambili ye-valve engu-10, eyakhiqizwa phakathi kuka-1997 no-2002, yayihlala isikhathi eside, inezingxenye ezilula, ngakho-ke yayiphila isikhathi eside futhi, okubalulekile, isondlo esishibhile.

• I-2.8 MultiJet

Lona umkhiqizo we-VM Motori, umkhiqizi wase-Italy wamayunithi edizili asekelwe kubuchwepheshe obuvamile besitimela nama-piezoelectric ama-injection anokucindezela kwebha engu-1800. Ububi balo mklamo yisihlungi se-DPF esiyinkinga. Ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela edolobheni, inani elikhulu le-soot liqoqa, elinciphisa amandla enjini futhi liholele ekulungiseni okubizayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, iyunithi inedumela lokuba unomphela.

• 3.0 V6 MultiJet

Lo mklamo uphinde wathuthukiswa yi-VM Motori, efakwe i-geometry turbocharger evela enkampanini eyaziwayo yakwaGarret kanye nohlelo lwamandla lwe-MultiJet II. Iyunithi iyasebenza, abasebenzisi bagcizelela ukuthi ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo (ngesikhathi esisodwa) izinguquko zikawoyela kufanele zenziwe kaningi kunalokho okucaciswe umenzi.

Izinjini ze-JTD. Iyiphi iyunithi engaba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu?

Njengoba ubona, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemindeni ye-JTD ne-JTDM, izinjini zihle, kodwa uma sikhuluma ngomholi, sikhetha inguqulo 1.9 JTD. Omakhenikha nabasebenzisi ngokwabo bayayincoma le yunithi ngokusebenza kahle nokusebenzisa uphethiloli okwamukelekayo. Akukho ukushoda kwezingxenye ezisele emakethe, zitholakala cishe ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile ngentengo efanelekile. Isibonelo, igiya lesikhathi eliphelele elinepompo yamanzi libiza cishe i-PLN 300, ikhithi ye-clutch enesondo le-dual-mass yenguqulo engu-105 hp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo se-1300 JTD simelana nophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, okuthi, ngeshwa, kuthinte kabi isiko lomsebenzi walo, kodwa okuthile okuthile. 

Skoda. Ukwethulwa komugqa wama-SUV: i-Kodiaq, i-Kamiq ne-Karoq