Ukuhlasela kwamaJapane eThailand: Disemba 8, 1941
Umbhubhisi waseThailand uPhra Ruang, owathwebula izithombe ngo-1955. Wayengumkhumbi wohlobo R owawusebenza eMpini Yezwe I neRoyal Navy ngaphambi kokudayiswa eRoyal Thai Navy ngo-1920.
Ngemuva kwezigcawu zokuhlasela kwe-Combined Fleet ePearl Harbor kanye nochungechunge lwemisebenzi ye-amphibious eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, esinye sezenzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zesigaba sokuqala seMpi YasePacific senzeka. Ukuhlasela kwamaJapane eThailand, nakuba ukulwa okuningi phakathi nakho kwaphela amahora ambalwa, kwaphela ngokusayinwa kwe-armistice futhi kamuva isivumelwano somfelandawonye. Kusukela ekuqaleni, inhloso yaseJapane kwakungekona ukuthatha amasosha eThailand, kodwa ukuthola imvume yokudlulisa amasosha emngceleni waseBurma naseMalay futhi awacindezele ukuthi ajoyine umfelandawonye omelene namakoloni aseYurophu kanye ne-United States.
UMbuso WaseJapane Nombuso WaseThailand (kusukela ngo-June 24, 1939; ngaphambili owawuwaziwa ngokuthi uMbuso WaseSiam), amazwe abonakala ehluke ngokuphelele eMpumalanga Ekude, anesici esisodwa esifana emlandweni wawo omude noyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi nokwanda okunamandla kwemibuso yamakoloni ekhulwini le-XNUMX, ayizange ilahlekelwe ubukhosi bayo futhi yakha ubuhlobo bobuzwe nemibuso yezwe ngohlaka lwalokho okuthiwa izivumelwano ezingalingani.
I-fighter yase-Thai eyisisekelo yango-1941 iyimpi yaseCurtiss Hawk III eyathengwa e-USA.
Ngo-August 1887, kwasayinwa iSimemezelo Sobungane Nohwebo phakathi kweJapane neThailand, okwathi ngemva kwalokho uMbusi uMeiji kanye neNkosi uChulalongkorn baba izimpawu zezizwe ezimbili zaseMpumalanga Asia ezithuthukisa isimanje. Enqubweni ende yokwakhiwa kwamazwe asentshonalanga, iJapane ngokuqinisekile ibihamba phambili, yaze yathumela inqwaba yochwepheshe bayo eBangkok ngenhloso yokusekela ukuguqulwa kwesimiso sezomthetho, imfundo, kanye ne-sericulture. Phakathi nenkathi yezimpi, leli qiniso lalaziwa kabanzi eJapane naseThailand, ngenxa yokuthi abantu bobabili babehloniphana, nakuba ngaphambi kuka-1 kwakungekho ubuhlobo obukhulu bezombangazwe nezomnotho phakathi kwabo.
INguquko yaseSiamese yango-1932 yagumbuqela ubukhosi bangaphambili obuphelele futhi yasungula ubukhosi obungokomthethosisekelo onomthethosisekelo wokuqala wezwe kanye nephalamende le-bicameral. Ngaphezu kwemiphumela emihle, lolu shintsho luphinde lwaholela ekuqalekeni kombango womphakathi nezempi wokuba nomthelela kukhabhinethi yaseThailand. Izinxushunxushu esifundazweni esibuswa ngentando yeningi kancane kancane zasetshenziswa uColonel Phraya Phahol Pholfayuhasen, okwathi ngoJuni 20, 1933 wenza ukuketula umbuso futhi wethula ubushiqela bezempi ngaphansi kwesithunzi sobukhosi obungokomthethosisekelo.
I-Japan yanikeza ukusekelwa ngezimali ukuketulwa umbuso kwaseThailand futhi yaba izwe lokuqala ukuqaphela uhulumeni omusha emhlabeni wonke. Ubudlelwano obusezingeni elisemthethweni bafudumala ngokusobala, okwaholela, ikakhulukazi, eqinisweni lokuthi izikole zaseThailand zathumela ama-cadet eJapane ukuze aqeqeshwe, futhi isabelo sokuhweba kwamanye amazwe nombuso kwakungokwesibili ukushintshanisa ne-Great Britain. Embikweni wenhloko yezobuchwephesha baseBrithani eThailand, uSir Josiah Crosby, isimo sengqondo sabantu baseThailand maqondana namaJapane sabonakala njengesiphithiphithi - ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqashelwa kwamandla ezomnotho nezempi eJapane, futhi ngakolunye, ukungathembeki kwezinhlelo zombuso.
Ngempela, iThailand yayizodlala indima ekhethekile ekuhleleni amasu aseJapan eSoutheast Asia phakathi neMpi YePacific. AmaJapane, eqiniseka ngokunemba komsebenzi wawo womlando, acabangela ukumelana okungenzeka kwabantu baseThai, kodwa ahlose ukuwaphula ngamandla futhi aholele ekujwayelekile kobudlelwane ngokungenelela kwezempi.
Izimpande zokuhlasela kwamaJapane eThailand zingatholakala emfundisweni kaChigaku Tanaka "yokuqoqa amagumbi ayisishiyagalombili omhlaba ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa" (jap. hakko ichiu). Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, yaba injini yokuthuthukisa ubuzwe kanye nombono we-pan-Asian, okwathi indima yomlando woMbuso WaseJapan kwakuwukubusa bonke abantu baseMpumalanga Asia. Ukuthunjwa kweKorea neManchuria, kanye nokungqubuzana neChina, kwaphoqa uhulumeni waseJapane ukuba enze imigomo emisha yamasu.
NgoNovemba 1938, iKhabhinethi yeNkosana uFumimaro Konoe yamemezela isidingo se-New Order e-Greater East Asia (isiJapane: i-Daitoa Shin-chitsujo), okuyinto, nakuba kwakufanele igxile ebudlelwaneni obuseduze phakathi koMbuso WaseJapane, uMbuso WaseJapane. IManchuria kanye neRiphabhulikhi yaseChina, nazo zithinte iThailand ngokungaqondile. Naphezu kwezimemezelo zesifiso sokugcina ubudlelwano obuhle nabalingani baseNtshonalanga kanye namanye amazwe esifundeni, abenzi benqubomgomo baseJapane abazange bacabange ukuthi kukhona isikhungo sesibili esizimele ngokugcwele sokuthatha izinqumo eMpumalanga Asia. Lo mbono waqinisekiswa umqondo owamenyezelwa esidlangalaleni weGreater East Asia Prosperity Zone (isiJapane: Daitōa Kyōeiken) owamenyezelwa ngo-April 1940.
Ngokungaqondile, kodwa ngezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zezombangazwe nezomnotho, amaJapan agcizelela ukuthi isifunda saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okuhlanganisa neThailand, kufanele esikhathini esizayo sibe sesomkhakha wabo okhethekile.
Ezingeni lobuhlakani, intshisekelo yokubambisana eduze neThailand yayihlotshaniswa nezinhlelo zamasosha aseJapan zokuthumba amakoloni aseBrithani eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okuyiNhlonhlo yaseMalay, iSingapore neBurma. Kakade esigabeni sokulungiselela, amaJapane afinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukusebenza ngokumelene nabaseBrithani akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Indo-China kuphela, kodwa namachweba aseThai, izikhumulo zezindiza kanye nenethiwekhi yomhlaba. Esimeni lapho iThailand iphikisana ngokusobala nokuhlinzekwa kokufakwa kwezempi kanye nokwenqaba ukuvuma ukuthuthwa okulawulwayo kwamasosha ukuya emngceleni waseBurma, abahleli baseJapane bacabangele isidingo sokunikela ngamabutho athile ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukuvunyelwa okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, impi evamile neThailand yayingekho embuzweni, njengoba yayizodinga izinsiza eziningi kakhulu, futhi ukuhlasela kwamaJapane kumakoloni aseBrithani kwakuzolahlekelwa isici sokumangala.
Amacebo aseJapan okubusa iThailand, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezamukelwayo, ayethakasela kakhulu i-Third Reich, eyayinomsebenzi wayo wobunxusa eBangkok naseTokyo. Osopolitiki baseJalimane babona ukushweleza kweThailand njengethuba lokuhoxisa ingxenye yamasosha amaNgisi eNyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi futhi bahlanganise imizamo yezempi yaseJalimane neJapane ngokumelene noMbuso WaseBrithani.
Ngo-1938, u-Folphayuhasen wathathelwa indawo njengondunankulu nguGeneral Plaek Phibunsongkhram (owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi uPhibun), owabeka umbuso wobushiqela wezempi eThailand ngokuhambisana ne-fascism yase-Italy. Uhlelo lwakhe lwezombangazwe lwaluhlose uguquko lwamasiko ngokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje komphakathi, ukwakhiwa kwesizwe saseThailand sesimanje, ulimi olulodwa lwesiThai, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yaso, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabutho ahlomile kanye nokwakhiwa kukahulumeni wesifunda ozimele ngaphandle kwemingcele. Amandla wamakoloni aseYurophu. Phakathi nokubusa kukaPhibun, idlanzana elincane laseShayina elicebile futhi elicebile laba yisitha sangaphakathi, esaqhathaniswa "namaJuda aseMpumalanga Ekude." Ngomhla zingama-24 kuNhlangulana 1939, ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo eyamukelwe yokugunyazwa kwezwe, igama elisemthethweni lezwe lashintshwa lisuka eMbusweni waseSiam layiswa eMbusweni waseThailand, okwakumelwe, ngaphezu kokudala izisekelo zesizwe sanamuhla, kwakumelwe kugcizelelwe. ilungelo elingenakwephucwa imihlaba, okuyikhaya lezizwe zaseThailand ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 ezihlala eBurma, eLaos, eCambodia naseNingizimu China.
