Ababhubhisi bezindiza ezinophephela emhlane baseJapan
Ababhubhisi bezindiza ezinophephela emhlane baseJapan
Imikhumbi emikhulukazi ye-Japan Naval Self-Defense Force iyiyunithi ethile ehlukaniswa ngokwengxenye njengezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezibhubhisayo. Ukulebula kwezombusazwe kuphela kwakufanela abameleli besizukulwane sokuqala salezi zakhiwo, ezase zisusiwe kakade. Njengamanje, isizukulwane esisha saleli klasi silandela emgqeni - umphumela wokuhlangenwe nakho kwaseJapane, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, umjaho wezikhali wesifunda kanye nezinguquko zezwe eMpumalanga Ekude yase-Asia. Lesi sihloko sethula wonke amayunithi ayisishiyagalombili akha futhi asakha isisekelo samandla okuphelezela angaphezulu Amabutho Okuzivikela.
Ukuzalwa komqondo
Njengoba zombili izimpi zezwe ziye zabonisa, isizwe esiyisiqhingi esinamandla amakhulu ngisho nasolwandle singakhubazeka kalula ngenxa yemikhumbi-ngwenya. Phakathi neMpi Enkulu, i-Imperial Germany yazama ukwenza lokhu, ifuna indlela yokunqoba iGreat Britain - izinga lobuchwepheshe langaleso sikhathi, kanye nokutholwa kweLondon kwezindlela zokulungisa, kwaphazamisa lolu hlelo. Ngo-1939-1945, amaJalimane aphinde aseduze nokuletha isiteleka esiwujuqu ngemikhumbi-ngwenya - ngenhlanhla, saphela nge-fiasco. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, i-US Navy yenza izenzo ezifanayo ngokumelene namabutho asolwandle oMbuso WaseJapane. Phakathi kuka-1941 no-1945, imikhumbi-ngwenya yaseMelika yacwilisa imikhumbi yabahwebi baseJapane engu-1113, okwenza cishe u-50% wokulahlekelwa kwayo. Lokhu kwanciphisa ngempumelelo ubutha nokuxhumana phakathi kweziqhingi zaseJapane, kanye nezindawo ezisezwekazini lase-Asia noma ePacific Ocean. Mayelana neLand of the Rising Sun, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi imikhiqizo eyahlukene edingekayo ukuze kusekelwe izimboni nomphakathi ilethwe ngolwandle - imithombo yamandla iphakathi kwebaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kube ubuthakathaka obubalulekile bezwe engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX namanje. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha emizileni yasolwandle sekungomunye wemisebenzi esemqoka ye-Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force kusukela yasungulwa.
Kakade phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kwaphawulwa ukuthi enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokubhekana nemikhumbi-ngwenya, ngakho-ke usongo olukhulu emigqeni yokuxhumana, kwakuwukuxhumana kwe-duo - iyunithi engaphezulu kanye nezindiza, zombili ezisekelwe phansi kanye nemikhumbi yempi. wagibela.
Ngenkathi abathwali bemikhumbi emikhulu bebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi bangasetshenziselwa ukumboza ama-convoy kanye nemizila yohwebo, ukulinga kwaseBrithani ekuguquleni umkhumbi womthengisi i-Hanover ube indima yomthwali wokuphelezela kwaqala ukwakhiwa okukhulu kwekilasi. Lokhu kwakungenye yezihluthulelo zempumelelo yama-Allies empini ye-Atlantic, kanye nokusebenza e-Pacific Ocean - kule midlalo yaseshashalazini, izinsizakalo zemikhumbi yaleli klasi nazo zasetshenziswa (ngezinga elilinganiselwe. ) by Japan.
Ukuphela kwempi kanye nokuzinikela koMbuso kwaholela ekwamukelweni komthethosisekelo ovimbelayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, owawuvimbela ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwabathwali bezindiza. Yiqiniso, eminyakeni engu-40, akekho eJapane owacabanga ngokwakha imikhumbi enjalo, okungenani ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho, zezimali kanye nenhlangano. Ukuqala kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kwakusho ukuthi amaMelika aqala ukukholisa amaJapane ngokuqhubekayo mayelana nokudalwa kwamaphoyisa endawo kanye nokuhleleka kwamabutho, okuhloswe, ikakhulukazi, ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwamanzi ezindawo - ekugcineni adalwe ngo-1952, futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva. yaguqulwa yaba i-Naval Forces self-defense (English Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force - JMSDF), njengengxenye ye-Japan Self-Defense Forces. Kusukela ekuqaleni, imisebenzi eyinhloko ebhekene nengxenye yasolwandle kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezintambo zokuxhumana ezivela ezimayini zasolwandle kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya. Umnyombo wakhiwe ngemikhumbi elwa nemayini kanye neyokuphelezela - ababhubhisi namafrigate. Ngokushesha, imboni yendawo yokwakha imikhumbi yaba umphakeli wamayunithi, abambisana nezinkampani zaseMelika ezihlinzeka, ngesisekelo sokugunyazwa koMnyango WezoMbuso, izinto zokusebenza nezikhali. Lokhu kwenezelwa ukwakhiwa kwezindiza zasolwandle ezizinze emhlabeni, okwakuzoqukatha ithimba lamasosha amaningi anamandla okulwa nemikhumbi-ngwenya.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, kwakungenakwenzeka ukwakha abathwali bezindiza - ukuguquguquka kwezobuchwepheshe kwenkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi kwasiza amaJapane. Ukuze ulwe ngokuphumelelayo, okokuqala, ngemikhumbi-ngwenya yaseSoviet, amazwe aseNtshonalanga (ikakhulukazi i-United States) aqala umsebenzi wokusebenzisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kulolu hlobo lokusebenza. Ngamakhono e-VTOL, i-rotorcraft ayidingi imigwaqo yezindiza, kodwa indawo encane kuphela ebhodini kanye ne-hangar - futhi lokhu kwakuvumela ukuba zibekwe emikhunjini yempi usayizi wombhubhisi / i-frigate.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwendiza enophephela emhlane elwa nomkhumbi-ngwenya engasebenza nemikhumbi yaseJapan kwakuyiSikorsky S-61 Sea King - yakhiwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi yezimboni zeMitsubishi ngaphansi kwegama elithi HSS-2.
Amaqhawe alesi sihloko enza izizukulwane ezimbili, eyokuqala (eseyisusiwe kakade enkonzweni) yayihlanganisa izinhlobo zeHaruna neShirane, kanti eyesibili iHyuuga ne-Izumo. Zenzelwe ukusebenza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ukuze zilwe nezinhloso ezingaphansi kwamanzi, isizukulwane sesibili sinamandla athuthukile (okuningi kulokho kamuva).
