Exhaust system - idivayisi

Imoto efakwe injini evuthayo yangaphakathi idinga uhlelo lapho kukhishwa khona amagesi e-exhaust. Uhlelo olunjalo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-exhaust, lwavela kanyekanye nokusungulwa kwenjini futhi, kanye nalo, liye lathuthukiswa futhi lenziwa isimanje eminyakeni edlule. Ukuthi isistimu yokukhipha imfucumfucu yemoto ihlanganisa kanjani nokuthi ingxenye yayo ngayinye isebenza kanjani, sizokutshela kulokhu okuqukethwe.

Izinsika ezintathu zesistimu yokukhipha umoya

Lapho ingxube ye-air-fuel ishiswa ku-cylinder yenjini, amagesi okukhipha umoya akhiwa, okumele asuswe ukuze isilinda sigcwaliswe ngenani elidingekayo lengxube. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, onjiniyela bezimoto basungula i-exhaust system. Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-exhaust manifold, i-catalytic converter (i-converter), i-muffler. Ake sicabangele ingxenye ngayinye yalesi simiso ngokwehlukana.

Umdwebo wesistimu ye-exhaust. Kulokhu, i-resonator iyi-muffler eyengeziwe.

I-exhaust eningi ivele cishe kanye kanye nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Kuyi-accessory yenjini ehlanganisa amashubhu amaningana axhuma indawo evuthayo yesilinda senjini ngayinye kusiguquli se-catalytic. I-exhaust manifold yenziwe ngensimbi (insimbi ekhonjiwe, insimbi engagqwali) noma i-ceramic.

Okuhlukahlukene

Njengoba umqoqi ehlala engaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu lokukhipha igesi, abaqoqi abenziwe ngensimbi ensimbi nensimbi engagqwali "basebenza" kakhulu. Ukuqoqwa kwensimbi engagqwali nakho kuyathandeka, njengoba i-condensate inqwabelana enqubweni yokupholisa yeyunithi ngemva kokumiswa kwemoto. Ukujiya kungagqwala inqwaba yensimbi esakhiwe, kodwa ukugqwala akwenzeki ensimbini engagqwali. Inzuzo ye-ceramic manifold yisisindo sayo esincane, kodwa ayikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwamagesi okukhipha isikhathi eside nokuqhekeka.

UHaman ukhipha kaningi

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-exhaust manifold ulula. Amagesi e-exhaust adlula kuvalvu yokukhipha umoya aye exhaust manifold futhi esuka lapho aye kusiguquli se-catalytic. Ngaphezu komsebenzi oyinhloko wokukhipha amagesi okukhipha umoya, i-manifold isiza ukuhlanza amakamelo omlilo enjini futhi "iqoqe" ingxenye entsha yamagesi okukhipha umoya. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yomehluko ekucindezelweni kwegesi ekamelweni elivuthayo kanye nokuphindaphindiwe. Ukucindezela ku-manifold kuphansi kunegumbi elivuthayo, ngakho-ke kwakhiwa igagasi emapayipini amaningi, avela ku-flame arrester (resonator) noma i-catalytic converter, abuyele ekamelweni elivuthayo, futhi ngalesi sikhathi ngokulandelayo. I-exhaust stroke isiza ukuqeda ingxenye elandelayo yamagesi.Ukusheshisa ukudalwa kwala magagasi kuncike ejubaneni lenjini: lapho ijubane liphakeme, igagasi lizohamba ngokushesha eduze komqoqi.

Kusukela ku-nifold exhaust, amagesi akhipha umoya angena kusiguquli noma isiguquli se-catalytic. Iqukethe ama-honeycombs e-ceramic, phezu kwawo kukhona ungqimba lwe-platinum-iridium alloy.

I-Schematic ye-catalytic converter

Lapho kuthintana nalesi singqimba, i-nitrogen ne-oksijini oxides yakheka kusukela kumagesi aphumayo ngenxa yokusabela kokunciphisa amakhemikhali, okusetshenziselwa ukushisa ngokuphumelelayo izinsalela zikaphethiloli ekukhishweni. Njengomphumela wesenzo se-catalyst reagents, ingxube ye-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide ingena embhobho wokukhipha.

Ekugcineni, into yesithathu eyinhloko yesistimu yokukhipha umoya wemoto i-muffler, okuwumshini oklanyelwe ukunciphisa izinga lomsindo lapho kukhishwa amagesi e-exhaust. Yona, nayo, iqukethe izingxenye ezine: ithubhu exhuma i-resonator noma i-catalyst ku-silencer, isithulisi ngokwaso, ipayipi yokukhipha kanye nethiphu yepayipi yokukhipha.

Umthungi

Amagesi e-exhaust ahlanzwa ekungcoleni okuyingozi avela ku-catalyst ngokusebenzisa ipayipi ukuya ku-muffler. Umzimba we-muffler wenziwe ngamamaki ahlukahlukene ensimbi: ezejwayelekile (impilo yesevisi - kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2), i-aluminized (impilo yesevisi - iminyaka engu-3-6) noma insimbi engagqwali (impilo yesevisi - iminyaka engu-10-15). Inomklamo onamakamelo amaningi, igumbi ngalinye linikezwe indawo yokuvula lapho amagesi e-exhaust angena ekamelweni elilandelayo ngokushintshana. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlunga okuningi, amagesi e-exhaust ayamanziswa, amaza omsindo we-exhaust gas ayancipha. Amagesi abe esengena epayipini le-exhaust. Kuye ngamandla enjini efakwe emotweni, inani lamapayipi okukhipha angahluka kusuka kwelinye kuya kwezine. Isici sokugcina ithiphu lepayipi lokukhipha umoya.

Izimoto ezine-Turbocharged zinama-muffler amancane kunezimoto ezishibhile ngokwemvelo. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-turbine isebenzisa amagesi okukhipha umoya ukuze isebenze, ngakho-ke amanye awo kuphela angena ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya; ngakho-ke lawa mamodeli anama-muffler amancane.