Ukukhishwa Kwezimoto Nokungcoliswa komoya

Izigidi zabantu baseMelika zithembele ezimotweni ngezidingo zabo zokuhamba, kodwa izimoto zinomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni komoya. Njengoba ulwazi olwengeziwe lutholakala mayelana nemiphumela yokungcoliswa kwezimoto zabagibeli, ubuchwepheshe buyathuthukiswa ukuze kwenziwe izimoto nezinye izimoto zingabi nemvelo. Izinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona ezibangelwa ukungcoliswa komoya zingaba zimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola indlela yokuvimbela izimbangela zokungcola.

Imizamo yokuthuthukisa izimoto ezivikela imvelo iye yaqina eminyakeni embalwa edlule, okuholele ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ezingayingeni imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bamafutha obunamandla okunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya okuhlobene nezimoto. Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa izimoto ezonga uphethiloli nezisebenzisa uwoyela omncane, kanye nezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli ohlanzekile, okuholela ekukhiqizweni okuncane. Izimoto zikagesi nazo zakhiwe ezingakhiqizi igesi ekhishwayo.

Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe obusha obunganciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya, kuye kwathathwa isinyathelo esinqala emazingeni kahulumeni kanye nesifundazwe. Izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwezimoto ziye zathuthukiswa ezisize ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezimoto namaloli cishe ngamaphesenti angama-1998 kusukela ngo-90. I-US Environmental Protection Agency ithuthukise izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwezimoto, futhi izifunda zizenzele eyazo imithetho yokukhipha izimoto.

Uma izimoto ziphumelela ukuhlolwa, ziphinde ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-emission. Inani lokungcola elikhishwa imoto ethile kanye nezinga elisebenzisa ngalo uphethiloli kuncike ezintweni eziningi. I-Ejensi Yokuvikela Imvelo ithuthukise amamodeli alinganisela isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto. Ukuhlolwa kwe-emission kuhlelwe ngokusekelwe kulezi zilinganiso futhi izimoto kufanele ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-emission, nokho kukhona okuhlukile ekuhlolweni. Abashayeli kufanele bazijwayeze nemithetho ethile yokukhipha izimoto ezweni abahlala kulo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bayayithobela. Omakhenikha bavamise ukuba namathuluzi abawadingayo ukuze benze ukuhlola okuphumayo.

Izindinganiso ze-EPA "Level 3".

Amazinga e-EPA Level 3 abhekisela eqoqweni lamazinga amukelwa ngo-2014. Izindinganiso kufanele zisetshenziswe ngo-2017 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ziqale ngokushesha ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwezimoto. Izindinganiso ze-Tier 3 zizothinta abakhiqizi bezimoto, abazodinga ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi, kanye nezinkampani zikawoyela, ezizodinga ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwesulfure kaphethiloli, okuholela ekushiseni okuhlanzekile. Ukuqaliswa kwamazinga e-Tier 3 kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa komoya wezimoto futhi kuzuze nempilo yomphakathi.

Izinto ezinkulu ezingcolisa umoya

Ziningi izinto ezinomthelela ekungcolisweni komoya, kodwa ezinye zezinto ezingcolisa kakhulu zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo:

I-Carbon monoxide (CO) iyigesi engenambala, engenaphunga, enobuthi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwezibaseli.
Ama-Hydrocarbons (HC) ayizinto ezingcolisayo ezakha i-ozone esezingeni eliphansi lapho kukhona ukukhanya kwelanga lapho esabela nama-nitrogen oxide. I-ozone esezingeni eliphansi ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-smog.
Izinhlayiya zensimbi zihlanganisa izinhlayiya zensimbi nensimu, enikeza intuthu umbala wayo. Izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu futhi zingangena emaphashini, zibe yingozi empilweni yomuntu.
I-nitrogen oxides (NOx) iwukungcola okungacasula amaphaphu futhi kuholele ezifweni zokuphefumula.
I-Sulfur dioxide (SO2) iwukungcola okukhiqizwa lapho amafutha aqukethe isulfure eshiswa. Ingasabela lapho idedelwa emkhathini, ibangele ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezinhle.

Manje njengoba ososayensi sebazi okwengeziwe ngomthelela wokungcola kwezimoto endaweni ezungezile, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba. Imithetho nezindinganiso ezibekiwe eziphathelene nokukhipha intuthu yezimoto sezisize kakade ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa komoya, futhi kusekuningi okusamele kwenziwe. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokukhishwa kwezimoto kanye nokungcoliswa komoya, vakashela amakhasi alandelayo.