Uyazi ukuthi lezi zifinyezo zisho ukuthini?

Izimoto zesimanje zimane ziminyene ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo, umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko owukwandisa ukuphepha kanye nokunethezeka kokushayela. Lokhu kwakamuva kuchazwa ngezifinyezo zezinhlamvu ezimbalwa ngokuvamile ezingasho kancane kubasebenzisi bezimoto ezijwayelekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizozama ukuchaza incazelo yabo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuchaza isimiso sokusebenza nendawo ezimotweni ezinikezwa abakhiqizi bezimoto abadumile kakhulu.

Ezivamile, kodwa ziyaziwa?

Enye yezinhlelo ezivame kakhulu nezibonakalayo ezithinta ukuphepha kokushayela i-anti-lock brake system, i.e. I-ABS (eng. Anti-lock braking system). Umgomo wokusebenza kwawo usekelwe ekulawuleni ukujikeleza kwamasondo, okwenziwa izinzwa. Uma enye yazo ijika kancane kunezinye, i-ABS inciphisa amandla okubhuleka ukuze kugwemeke ukujama. Kusukela ngoJulayi 2006, zonke izimoto ezintsha ezithengiswa e-European Union, kuhlanganise nePoland, kufanele zifakwe i-ABS.

Uhlelo olubalulekile olufakwe ezimotweni zesimanje wuhlelo lokuqapha umfutho wesondo. I-TPMS (kusuka ku-eng. Uhlelo lokuqapha umfutho weTire). Isimiso sokusebenza sisekelwe ekuqapheni umfutho wesondo nokuxwayisa umshayeli uma iphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ezimweni eziningi ngezinzwa zokucindezela okungenantambo ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwamasondo noma kumavalvu, nezixwayiso ezivezwa kudeshibhodi (inketho eqondile). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enguqulweni ephakathi, ingcindezi yesondo ayilinganiswa ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa inani layo libalwa ngesisekelo se-pulses kusuka ku-ABS noma izinhlelo ze-ESP. Imithetho yaseYurophu yenza izinzwa zokucindezela zibe yisibopho kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha kusukela ngoNovemba 2014 (ngaphambilini i-TPMS yayiyimpoqo ezimotweni ezinamasondo agijimayo).

Olunye uhlelo oludumile oluza olujwayelekile kuzo zonke izimoto i-Electronic Stability Programme, efushanisiwe I-ESP (jap. Uhlelo lokuqiniswa kwe-elekthronikhi). Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukunciphisa ukushibilika kwemoto uma ishayela emajika emigwaqo. Lapho izinzwa zithola isimo esinjalo, isistimu ye-elekthronikhi ibhuleka isondo elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze kugcinwe umzila ofanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ESP iphazamisa ukulawulwa kwenjini ngokunquma izinga lokusheshisa. Ngaphansi kwesifinyezo se-ESP esaziwayo, uhlelo lusetshenziswa yi-Audi, Citroen, Fiat, Hyundai, Jeep, Mercedes, Opel (Vauxhall), Peugeot, Renault, Saab, Skoda, Suzuki kanye neVolkswagen. Ngaphansi kwesinye isifinyezo - DSC, ingatholakala BMW, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, Volvo izimoto (ngaphansi isifinyezo kancane enwetshiwe - DSTC). Eminye imigomo ye-ESP engatholakala ezimotweni: i-VSA (esetshenziswa i-Honda), i-VSC (i-Toyota, i-Lexus) noma i-VDC - i-Subaru, i-Nissan, i-Infiniti, i-Alfa Romeo.

Akwaziwa kancane kodwa kubalulekile

Manje sekuyisikhathi samasistimu okufanele abe semotweni yakho. Omunye wabo I-ASR (kusukela ku-English Acceleration Slip Regulation), i.e. isistimu evimbela ukushelela kwesondo lapho iqala. I-ASR iphikisana nokushelela kwamasondo lapho idrayivu idluliselwa khona, kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezikhethekile. Lapho leli sondo lithola ukushibilika kwelinye lamasondo, uhlelo luyalivimba. Uma kwenzeka i-axle skid yonke, ama-electronics ehlisa amandla enjini ngokunciphisa ukusheshisa.Ezinhlotsheni zezimoto ezindala, isistimu isekelwe ku-ABS, kanti kumamodeli amasha, i-ESP ithathe umsebenzi walolu hlelo. Uhlelo lufaneleka kakhulu ukushayela ezimweni zasebusika kanye nezimoto ezinama-powertrains anamandla. Lolu hlelo olubizwa nge-ASR, lufakwe kwaMercedes, Fiat, Rover kanye neVolkswagen. Njenge-TCS, sizohlangana nayo kwaFord, Saab, Mazda neChevrolet, TRC kwaToyota kanye neDSC kwaBMW.

Uhlelo olubalulekile noludingekayo luphinde lube wuhlelo losizo oluphuthumayo lokubhuleka - I-BAS (kusukela ku-English Brake Assist System). Isiza umshayeli osesimweni somgwaqo esidinga impendulo ephuthumayo. Uhlelo luxhunywe kunzwa enquma isivinini sokucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki. Uma kwenzeka ukusabela kungazelelwe kumshayeli, uhlelo lukhulisa ingcindezi ohlelweni lwamabhuleki. Ngakho-ke, amandla okubhuleka aphelele afinyelelwa ngokushesha kakhulu. Ohlelweni oluthuthuke kakhulu lwe-BAS system, amalambu ama-hazard aphinde acushwe noma ama-brake lights akhanyisa ukuze axwayise abanye abashayeli. Lolu hlelo manje seluya ngokuya lusengezo olujwayelekile ohlelweni lwe-ABS. I-BAS ifakwe ngaphansi kwaleli gama, noma i-BA ngamafuphi, ezimotweni eziningi. Ezimotweni zesiFulentshi, singathola nesifinyezo esithi AFU.

Uhlelo oluthuthukisa ukuphepha kokushayela, vele, luwuhlelo I-EBD (Angl. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution), okuyi-corrector yokusabalalisa amandla amabhuleki. Isimiso sokusebenza sisekelwe ekwenzeni okuzenzakalelayo kwamandla okubhuleka amasondo ngamanye, ukuze imoto igcine ithrekhi ekhethiwe. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi uma wehlisa ijubane kumajika emgwaqeni. I-EBD iyi-ABS booster system ezikhathini eziningi isezingeni kumamodeli ezimoto ezintsha.

Kuyafaneleka ukunconywa

Phakathi kwezinhlelo eziqinisekisa ukuphepha kokushayela, singathola nezinhlelo ezikhulisa ukunethezeka kohambo. Omunye wabo I-ACC (English adaptive cruise control), i.e. i-cruise control esebenzayo. Lena i-cruise control eyaziwayo, ehambisana ne-automatic speed control system kuye ngesimo sezimoto. Umsebenzi wayo obaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ibanga eliphephile ukusuka emotweni engaphambili. Ngemuva kokusetha isivinini esithile, imoto iyazishintsha uma kukhona nebhuleki emgwaqeni ngaphambili, futhi ijubane uma ibona indlela ekhululekile. I-ACC yaziwa nangamanye amagama. Isibonelo, abakwaBMW basebenzisa igama elithi "active cruise control" kanti abakwaMercedes basebenzisa amagama athi Speedtronic noma Distronic Plus.

Uma sibheka amafolda anamamodeli ezimoto ezintsha, sivame ukuthola isifinyezo I-AFL (Adaptive Forward Lighting). Lawa amalambu abizwa ngokuthi yi-adaptive headlights, ahluke kwawakudala ngoba akuvumela ukuthi ukhanyise amakhona. Umsebenzi wabo ungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: i-static kanye ne-dynamic. Ezimotweni ezinamalambu agxilile amile, ngaphezu kwezilambu zangaphambili ezivamile, amalambu asizayo (isb. amalambu enkungu) nawo angakhanyiswa. Ngokuphambene, ezinhlelweni zokukhanyisa eziguquguqukayo, i-lightlight beam ilandela ukunyakaza kwesondo lokuqondisa. Amasistimu amalambu aguqukayo avame ukutholakala kumaleveli wokunquma anamalambu angaphambili e-bi-xenon.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka uhlelo lokuxwayisa ngomzila. Uhlelo lwe-AFILngoba imayelana nayo, ixwayisa ngokuwela umzila okhethiwe usebenzisa amakhamera atholakala ngaphambi kwemoto. Balandela isiqondiso sethrafikhi, belandela imigqa edwetshwe endaweni egandayiwe, ehlukanisa imizila ngayinye. Uma kwenzeka kushayisana ngaphandle kwesignali yokujika, uhlelo luxwayisa umshayeli ngomsindo noma isignali yokukhanya. Uhlelo lwe-AFIL lufakwe ezimotweni zakwaCitroen.

Ngokulandelayo, ngaphansi kwegama Umzila Usize singayithola kwaHonda nasezimotweni ezihlinzekwa yiqembu le-VAG (Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft).

Uhlelo olufanele ukutuswa, ikakhulukazi kulabo abavame ukuhamba amabanga amade, yilo Isexwayiso somshayeli. Lolu wuhlelo oluqapha ukukhathala komshayeli ngokuhlale luhlaziya ukuthi indlela ahamba ngayo kanye nobushelelezi bokunyakaza kwesiteringi kugcinwa kanjani. Ngokusekelwe kudatha eqoqiwe, isistimu ithola ukuziphatha okungase kubonise ukozela komshayeli, isibonelo, bese ibaxwayisa ngakho kokubili ukukhanya nesignali ezwakalayo. Uhlelo lwe-Driver Alert lusetshenziswa kwaVolkswagen (Passat, Focus), futhi ngaphansi kwegama elithi Attention Assist - kuMercedes (amakilasi E no-S).

(okwamanje) zingamagajethi nje...

Futhi ekugcineni, izinhlelo eziningana ezithuthukisa ukuphepha kokushayela, kodwa zinezithiyo ezihlukahlukene - kusukela kwezobuchwepheshe kuya ngentengo, ngakho-ke kufanele ziphathwe - okungenani okwamanje - njengamagajethi athakazelisayo. Enye yalezi chips I-BLIS (I-English Blind Spot Information System), omsebenzi wayo ukuxwayisa ngokuba khona kwemoto kulokho okubizwa. "Indawo eyimpumputhe". Isimiso sokusebenza kwayo sisekelwe eqoqweni lamakhamera afakwe ezibukweni ezisemaceleni futhi axhunywe kusibani esiyisixwayiso esixwayisa ngezimoto ezisesikhaleni esingavalwanga yizibuko zangaphandle. Uhlelo lwe-BLIS lwethulwa okokuqala ngabakwaVolvo, futhi manje seluyatholakala kwabanye abakhiqizi - nabo ngaphansi kwegama Usizo lwe-lateral. Ububi obuyinhloko balolu hlelo yintengo yalo ephezulu: uma ukhetha ongakhetha kukho, isibonelo ku-Volvo, izindleko zokukhokhiswa okungaphezulu zilinganiselwa. i-zloty.

isixazululo ezithakazelisayo futhi. Ukuphepha kwedolobha, okungukuthi, uhlelo lokubhuleka oluzenzakalelayo. Ukucabanga kwakhe ukuvimbela ukushayisana noma okungenani ukunciphisa imiphumela yakho ibe isivinini esingu-30 km/h. Isebenza ngesisekelo sama-radar afakwe emotweni. Uma ibona ukuthi imoto engaphambili isondela ngokushesha, imoto izobamba amabhuleki ngokuzenzakalelayo. Nakuba lesi sixazululo siwusizo kuthrafikhi yasemadolobheni, ukonakala kwaso okuyinhloko ukuthi sinikeza kuphela isivikelo esigcwele ngesivinini esifika ku-15 km/h. Lokhu kufanele kushintshe maduze njengoba umkhiqizi ethi inguqulo elandelayo izohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ebangeni lejubane lika-50-100 km/h. I-City Safety isezingeni eliphezulu kwiVolvo XC60 (yaqala ukusetshenziswa khona), kanjalo ne-S60 ne-V60. KwaFord, lolu hlelo lubizwa nge-Active City Stop kanti uma kuyi-Focus kubiza enye inkulungwane engu-1,6. I-PLN (itholakala kuphela ezinguqulweni zehadiwe ecebile).

Igajethi ejwayelekile iwuhlelo lokuqaphela izimpawu zethrafikhi. I-TSR (Ukuqashelwa kophawu lwethrafikhi yesiNgisi). Lolu wuhlelo olubona izimpawu zomgwaqo bese lwazisa umshayeli ngazo. Lokhu kuthatha uhlobo lwezixwayiso nemilayezo ekhonjiswa kudeshibhodi. Uhlelo lwe-TSR lungasebenza ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokusekelwe kuphela kudatha etholwe kukhamera efakwe ngaphambili kwemoto, noma ngendlela enwetshiwe ngokuqhathanisa idatha evela kukhamera nokuzulazula kwe-GPS. Umphumela omkhulu wesistimu yokuqaphela izimpawu zethrafikhi ukunemba kwayo. Uhlelo lungadukisa umshayeli, isibonelo, ngokuthi kungenzeka ukushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu esigabeni esinikeziwe kunalokho okuboniswa yizimpawu zomgwaqo zangempela. Uhlelo lwe-TSR luhlinzekwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuRenault Megane Gradcoupe entsha (ejwayelekile kumazinga aphezulu wokunquma). Ingatholakala nasezimotweni eziningi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa lapho, ukufakwa kwayo kokuzikhethela kungabiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama-zloty.

Sesifikile isikhathi sokugcina kwezinhlelo "zegajethi" ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, okuthi - okumele ngivume - ngibe nenkinga enkulu uma kuziwa ekuhlukaniseni ngokufanele. Lesi isivumelwano NV, futhi esifushanisiwe I-NVA (kusuka ku-English Night Vision Assist), okuthiwa uhlelo lokubona ebusuku. Kumele yenze kube lula kumshayeli ukubona umgwaqo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma esimweni sezulu esibi. Kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezimbili ezinhlelweni ze-NV (NVA), ezisebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amadivaysi okubona ebusuku asebenzayo noma asebenzayo. Izixazululo ze-Passive zisebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo okukhuliswe ngokufanele. Izitimela ezisebenzayo - izikhanyisi ze-IR ezengeziwe. Kuzo zombili izimo, amakhamera aqopha isithombe. Ibe isikhonjiswa kumamonitha atholakala kudeshibhodi noma ngokuqondile kuwindshield yemoto. Njengamanje, izinhlelo zokubona ebusuku zingatholakala kumamodeli amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu ngisho naphakathi nendawo ahlinzekwa yiMercedes, BMW, Toyota, Lexus, Audi kanye neHonda. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bayakwandisa ukuphepha (ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinabantu abaningi), ukubuyisela kwabo okuyinhloko yinani eliphakeme kakhulu, isibonelo, kufanele ukhokhe inani elifanayo ukuze ubuyisele kabusha i-BMW 7 Series ngohlelo lokubona ebusuku. njengezinkulungwane eziyi-10 zloty.

Ungathola kabanzi mayelana nezinhlelo nezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zethu Abahlanza izimoto: https://www.autocentrum.pl/motoslownik/