Imikhumbi yokuqapha eyisiza i-Médoc ne-Pomerol

Ibhomu laseJalimane liyicwilisa nge-OF Médoc precision torpedo (ependwe ngephutha lapha ngohlangothi olumaka i-Pomerol). Umdwebo ngu-Adam Werka.

I-France yashiya impi eyaqala ngoMeyi 10, 1940, ezinsukwini ezingu-43 ngemva kokuhlasela kweJalimane. Ngesikhathi seBlitzkrieg, eyaletha impumelelo enkulu ebuthweni laseJalimane, uBenito Mussolini, umholi wenhlangano yamaFascist e-Italy, wanquma ukujoyina isiphetho sezwe lakhe.

neJalimane, imemezela impi kuma-Allies. Le “lousy bulldog,” njengoba u-Adolf Hitler abiza uWinston Churchill ethukuthele ekhungathekile, yayazi ukuthi ukuze ibhekane nesiphepho se-Axis futhi ibe nethuba lokunqoba kokugcina, iBrithani yayingeke ilahlekelwe inzuzo yayo olwandle. AbaseBrithani bahlala beyisizinda sodwa esizimisele ukumelana nodlame lwaseJalimane, phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuphela ababambisene abathembekile: amaCzech, amaNorwegian namaPoles. Lesi siqhingi saqala ukuhlela izivikelo emhlabeni futhi siqinise amabutho aso asolwandle e-English Channel nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yeNorth Sea. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-British Admiralty yanquma ngokushesha ukuthi ihlome futhi iqedele yonke imikhumbi efanele ukusebenza njengomkhumbi wezempi futhi ihlome ngezibhamu nezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi izibhamu ezilwa nezindiza), "zilungele" ukulwa nanoma yimaphi amandla ahlaselayo. .

Ngesikhathi sokunikezela kweFrance, amachweba aseningizimu yeNgilandi - ePlymouth kanye nengxenye yeDevonport, Southampton, Dartmouth nasePortsmouth - kwakunemikhumbi yamaFulentshi engaphezu kuka-200 yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emikhunjini yempi kuya emikhunjini emincane kanye nezinhlaka ezincane ezisizayo. Bafika ngaphesheya kwe-English Channel ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamachweba asenyakatho ye-French phakathi kokuphela kukaMeyi no-20 Juni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinkulungwaneni zabagibeli basolwandle, iningi lezikhulu, izikhulu ezingagunyaziwe kanye namatilosi basekela uhulumeni waseVichy (2/3 yezwe yayingaphansi kombuso wamaJalimane) eholwa iPhini likaNdunankulu uPierre Laval, engahlosile ukubamba iqhaza. eminye imisebenzi yasolwandle kanye neRoyal Navy.

NgoJulayi 1, uGeneral de Gaulle waqoka uVadmus umkhuzi wamasosha asolwandle aseFree French. U-Émile Muselier, ophethe imithetho yezempi yasolwandle ngaphansi kwefulegi le-tricolor kanye ne-Cross of Lorraine.

Kuvele ukuthi ekupheleni kukaJuni, umyalo waseFrance wawucubungula umqondo wokudlulisela imikhumbi eNyakatho Afrika. KwabaseBrithani, isinqumo esinjalo sasingamukeleki, njengoba kwakunengozi enkulu yokuthi eminye yale mikhumbi yayingase ibe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamaJalimane. Lapho yonke imizamo yokukholisa ihluleka, ngobusuku bukaJulayi 2-3, amabutho ahlomile amatilosi namasosha asebukhosini athatha imikhumbi yaseFrance ngenkani. Ngokwemithombo yaseFrance, kwabangu-15 ezisebenzini zasolwandle, zingama-000 kuphela izikhulu ezingagunyaziwe namatilosi angama-20 amemezele ukuthi bayameseka u-Muselier. Lawo matilosi ayesekela uhulumeni waseVichy aboshwa futhi abuyiselwa eFrance.

Emzamweni wokuvimbela iJalimane ekuthumbeni yonke eminye imikhumbi yaseFrance, uChurchill wayala ukuba kuboshwe noma, uma kwenzeka ehluleka ukuyibamba, ukucwila kwemikhumbi yasolwandle eyayimi kancane emachwebeni aseFrance naseFrance. Ibutho laseFrance e-Aleksandria lazinikela kumaBritish, kwathi ukwehluleka kwamabutho asele eRoyal Navy 3-8 July 1940 yahlasela.

futhi yacekela phansi imikhumbi yamaFulentshi eMers-el-Kebir eduze kwase-Oran; kuhlanganisa. umkhumbi wezempi i-Brittany wacwila futhi amayunithi amaningana alimala. Kuzo zonke izenzo ezimelene neRoyal Navy, amatilosi angama-1297 aseFrance afela kulesi sizinda sase-Algeria, cishe abangama-350 balimala.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umkhumbi omkhulu waseFrance wawufakwe emachwebeni aseNgilandi, empeleni inani lazo lokulwa labonakala lingenangqondo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabasebenzi kanye nokwakheka okubalulekile. Okuwukuphela kwesixazululo kwaba ukudlulisela ingxenye yamasosha asolwandle emikhunjini ehlangene. Isiphakamiso esinjalo satholwa, kuhlanganise neNetherlands, Norway kanye nePoland. Endabeni yokugcina, kwahlongozwa ukuba kuyiswe e-UK i-flagship yamanje ye-squadron yaseFrance - umkhumbi wezempi "Paris". Nakuba kwakubonakala sengathi leli cala lizophela, okungase kuphakamise isithunzi seWWI, ekugcineni, i-Naval Command (KMV) yazisa lokho, ngaphezu kobukhulu benkulumo-ze.

Izindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi esizayo zomkhumbi wezempi ophelelwe yisikhathi obulokhu usebenza kusukela ngo-1914 zizolahla umkhumbi omncane wasePoland ezindlekweni ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu (amafindo angu-21), kwakunamathuba amaningi okucwilisa ngomkhumbi-ngwenya. Ayengekho futhi izikhulu nezikhulu ezingagunyaziwe (ehlobo lika-1940, i-PMW eGreat Britain yayinezikhulu eziyi-11 kanye nezikhulu ezingama-1397 ezingathunywanga kanye namatilosi) ezazikwazi ukugcwalisa insimbi - ngezimo zasePoland - i-colossus ngokususwa ngokuphelele amathani angaphezu kuka-25, asebenzela abantu abangaba ngu-000.

U-Admiral Ongemuva u-Jerzy Svirsky, inhloko ye-KMW eLondon, ngemva kokulahlekelwa umbhubhisi i-ORP Grom ngoMeyi 4, 1940 e-Rombakkenfjord eduze kwase-Narvik, wafaka isicelo somkhumbi omusha ku-Admiralty yaseBrithani. U-Admiral Sir Dudley Pound, i-First Sea Lord kanye no-Commander-in-Chief weRoyal Navy kusukela ngo-1939-1943, ephendula imibuzo evela kunhloko ye-KMW, wabhala encwadini yangomhla ziyi-14 kuJulayi 1940:

I-admiral ethandekayo,

Ngiyaqonda ukuthi ufuna kangakanani ukwenza umbhubhisi omusha nabantu bakho, kodwa njengoba wazi, senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuze senze ababhubhisi abaningi basebenze ngangokunokwenzeka.

Njengoba uphawule kahle, ngiyesaba ukuthi okwamanje akunakwenzeka ukwaba umbhubhisi enkonzweni yeqembu elisha.

Ngakho-ke, ngikhathazekile ngokuthi asikwazi ukudlulisela kuwe [umbhubhisi - M.B.] "Galant" ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla. Ngokuqondene [nombhubhisi waseFrance - M. B.] Le Triomphante, akakakulungeli ukuya olwandle futhi okwamanje uhloselwe ukuba isikhulu esiphezulu se-admiral yangemuva ephethe ababhubhisi. Kodwa-ke, ngithanda ukuphakamisa ukuthi amadoda onawo angaphathwa umkhumbi waseFrance i-Hurricane kanye nemikhumbi yamaFulentshi i-Pomerol ne-Medoc, kanye nabajaha imikhumbi-ngwenya ye-Ch 11 kanye ne-Ch 15. Uma bekunjalo kuwe , kungawaqinisa kakhulu amandla ethu emanzini asogwini phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokuqala, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kithi. Sicubungula ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukudlulisela kuwe umkhumbi wezempi waseFrance iParis, uma kungekho ukuphikisana, engingakwazi ngakho.

Angazi noma uyazi yini ukuthi endabeni yemikhumbi yaseFrance ephethwe izisebenzi zaseBrithani, kwanqunywa ukuthi le mikhumbi kufanele ihambe ngaphansi kwamafulegi aseBrithani naseFrance, futhi uma sithwala umkhumbi waseFrance nabasebenzi basePoland, ababili. Amafulegi asePoland nawesiFulentshi azodinga ukundiza . .

Ngingabonga uma ungangazisa ukuthi uzokwazi yini ukuphatha imikhumbi eshiwo ngenhla nethimba lakho futhi uma ungavuma ukuthi ifulegi lesizwe lindize njengoba ngenhla.