Ngaso sonke isikhathi idrayivu yamasondo onke, okungukuthi uhlaka lwamasistimu okushayela angu-4×4

Kule minyaka engu-20 edlule, i-4×4 drive yenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Wasuka kumaSUV waya ezimotweni zabagibeli. Funda umhlahlandlela wethu kuwo womabili amasistimu we-axle drive.

Ukushayela ngamasondo amane, okufushanisiwe ngokuthi 4×4, kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni. Umsebenzi wayo ukuthuthukisa ukudonsa, njll. isibindi esingekho emgwaqeni, i.e. ikhono lokunqoba izithiyo. I-4x4 drive idlala indima efanayo emotweni evamile noma i-SUV. Kodwa kulokhu, asikhulumi ngekhono elingcono lokuwela izwe, kodwa ngokunciphisa amathuba okugwedla, i.e. futhi mayelana nokwenza ngcono ukubambelela emgwaqeni.

Bheka futhi: Izinhlobo zamadiski angu-4 × 4 - isithombe

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwegama elihlangene elithi "drive 4×4" izinhlobo eziningi zezixazululo nezinhlelo zifihliwe.

– Idrayivu engu-4×4 isebenza ngendlela ehlukile emotweni yakudala engekho emgwaqeni, imoto engekho emgwaqeni, kanye nemoto yomgibeli evamile, kuchaza u-Tomasz Budny, umthandi wezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni nesitayela esingekho emgwaqeni.

Ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwalesi sixazululo ezimotweni zabagibeli ikakhulukazi kuqhutshwa izinhlobo ezimbili: i-Subaru ne-Audi. Ikakhulukazi esimweni sokugcina, igama elithi quattro, isisombululo sobunikazi esivela kumkhiqizi waseJalimane, lizibonakalise kahle.

- I-quattro drive manje isiwuphawu lwe-Audi. Kuye ngemodeli, izixazululo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe zisetshenziswa. Njengamanje, yonke i-Audi yesine ithengiswa ngenguqulo ye-quattro, kusho uDkt Grzegorz Laskowski, oyinhloko yokuqeqeshwa e-Kulczyk Tradex, ongummeleli wasePoland we-Audi.

Idrayivu exhunywayo

Isistimu yokushayela i-axle engu-XNUMX iyindaba yezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni. Eziningi zalezi zimoto zifakwe i-auxiliary drive. I-ekseli eyodwa kuphela (imvamisa engemuva) eshayelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi umshayeli uyanquma ukuthi uyayivula yini i-drive ku-axle yangaphambili uma kunesidingo.

Kuze kube muva nje, cishe wonke ama-SUV anezinsimbi ezimbili zokulawula ekamelweni - enye enebhokisi le-gearbox, enye inomehluko ophakathi, umsebenzi wawo ukuxhuma idrayivu kwenye i-axle. Kuma-SUV esimanje, le lever ithathwe amaswishi amancane, amafindo noma izinkinobho ezivula i-4×4 drive ngogesi.

Bheka futhi: I-Turbo emotweni - amandla amaningi, kodwa inkathazo eyengeziwe. Umhlahlandlela

Ukwenza ngcono ukudonsa, yonke iSUV ezihloniphayo nayo ino gearbox, i.e. umshini okhulisa itorque edluliselwa emasondweni ngezindleko zejubane.

Okokugcina, kuma-SUV afunwa kakhulu, izimoto ezifakwe phakathi nendawo nokukhiya okuhlukile kuma-ekseli ngamanye ahloselwe. Uhlelo olunjalo lungatholakala, isibonelo, ku-Jeep Wrangler.

- Le modeli inamandla okusebenzisa okuhlukile kwe-electronic limited slip - ngaphambili, phakathi nendawo nangemuva. Lesi sixazululo sinikeza impendulo esheshayo ekushintsheni kwezimo zokushayela kanye nokudluliswa kwetorque okwengeziwe,” kuchaza uKrzysztof Klos, Uchwepheshe Wemikhiqizo kwaJeep Poland.

I-plug-in front-wheel drive isetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi, ku-Opel Frontera, Nissan Navara, Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Hilux.

Ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo

Naphezu kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokunqoba izithiyo, idrayivu ye-plug-in inemikhawulo ethile. Okokuqala, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqinile, okungukuthi, ngaphandle komgwaqo. Okwesibili, iyasinda futhi ayizilungele izimoto ezincane. Abaqambi bekufanele babheke okunye.

Isixazululo ama-multi-plate clutches: i-viscous, i-electromechanical noma i-electromagnetic. Badlala indima yomehluko ophakathi nendawo, futhi isici sabo esivamile ukuthakwa okuzenzakalelayo kokushayela ku-ekseli okudingayo njengamanje. Imvamisa kushayelwa i-ekseli eyodwa kuphela, kodwa lapho izinzwa zikagesi zithola ukushelela ku-axle yokushayela, enye i-torque idluliselwa kwenye i-ekseli.

ukuhlanganisa i-viscous

Kuze kube muva nje, lena bekuwuhlelo oludumile lwe-4x4 ezimotweni zabagibeli kanye namaSUV athile. Izinzuzo ziyisakhiwo esilula kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi.

Bheka futhi: Isistimu yamabhuleki - nini ukushintsha amaphedi, amadiski kanye noketshezi - umhlahlandlela

Uhlelo luqukethe i-multi-disc viscous clutch egcwele amafutha awugqinsi. Umsebenzi wayo ukudlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-torque ku-axle yesibili. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma kunomehluko omkhulu ejubaneni lokujikeleza kwamasondo angaphambili nangemuva. Ukungalungi kwalesi sixazululo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokushisa ngokweqile komshini.

I-clutch ye-electromechanical

I-Electronics idlala ivayolini yokuqala lapha. Kufakwe isilawuli esikhethekile ohlelweni lokushayela, umsebenzi wawo ukulawula i-clutch ngokusekelwe kudatha yezinzwa eqapha ukuhamba kwemoto.

Lolu hlelo lungakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo emikhulu kakhulu kunokuhlanganiswa kwe-viscous. IFiat neSuzuki (izinhlobo zeFiat Sedici neSuzuki SX4) zivuna lesi sixazululo.

I-Clutch ye-electromagnetic

Kulokhu, indlela yama-multi-disk isebenza ngokuvumelana nomgomo we-electromagnetic. Ingakwazi ukudlulisa i-torque kuma-axles amaphesenti angu-50 kuya kumaphesenti angu-50. Isistimu icushwa uma kunomehluko wejubane phakathi kwamasondo angaphambili nangemuva.

Isibonelo salokhu ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi uhlelo lwe-BMW xDrive. Idrayivu ilekelelwa yi-ESP system kanye ne-braking system ekwazi ukukhiya umehluko kuwo womabili ama-ekseli.

Ububi bawo womabili lawa ma-clutches - i-electromechanical kanye ne-electromagnetic - idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi, eyandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi, ngenxa yalokho, intengo yemoto. Zihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa uma kwenzeka ziphuka, izindleko zokuzilungisa zibalulekile.

Bheka futhi: i-xenon noma i-halogen? Imaphi amalambu okukhetha imoto - umhlahlandlela

Ngaphezu kweBMW, Fiat neSuzuki, i-4×4 drive isakaza ngokuzenzakalelayo i-torque phakathi kwama-axles, okuhlanganisa. B: Honda CR-V, Jeep Compass, Land Rover Freelander, Nissan X-Trail, Opel Antara, Toyota RAV4.

I-Haldex, i-Thorsen ne-4Matic

Izinhlelo ze-Haldex ne-Torsen ziwukuthuthukiswa komqondo wokusatshalaliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwedrayivu phakathi kwama-axles.

I-Haldex

Umklamo wasungulwa inkampani yaseSweden i-Haldex. Ngaphezu kwe-multi-plate clutch, uhlelo olubanzi lwe-hydraulic lusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla phakathi kwama-axles. Inzuzo yalesi sixazululo ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisana kwayo nenjini etholakala ngokuphambene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesisindo esincane, kodwa kunzima ukuyilungisa.

IHaldex iyintandokazi yakwaVolkswagen edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo.

torsos

Lolu hlobo lwe-4×4 drive lususelwe ku-gearbox onamabili amagiya ezikelemu, ezisabalalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-torque phakathi kwama-axles. Ekushayeleni okuvamile, idrayivu idluliselwa kuma-ekseli ngesilinganiso samaphesenti angama-50/50. Uma kwenzeka i-skid, umshini ungadlulisela kufika ku-90% we-torque ku-axle lapho i-skid ingenzeki khona.

I-Thorsen iyisistimu esebenza kahle, kodwa futhi inezihibe. Okuyinhloko yisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokukhiqiza. Kungakho i-Torsen ingatholakala ezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kuhlanganisa. e-Alfa Romeo, Audi noma Subaru.

Bheka futhi: I-Clutch - ungakugwema kanjani ukugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi? Umhlahlandlela

Ngendlela, igama elithi Torsen kufanele licaciswe. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, aliveli esibongo, kodwa liyisifinyezo sezingxenye zokuqala zamagama amabili esiNgisi: i-Torque ne-Sensing.

Okunye okufanele kukhulunywe ngakho wuhlelo lwe-4Matic olusetshenziswa abakwaMercedes, olusebenzisa okuhlukene okuthathu. Ukushayela unomphela kuwo womabili ama-ekseli kusatshalaliswa ngengxenye yamaphesenti angama-40. ngaphambili, ngamaphesenti angama-60 ngemuva.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inkinga yokukhiya umehluko ixazululiwe. Kulolu hlelo, indima yezingidi inikezwa amabhuleki. Uma elinye lamasondo liqala ukushibilika, liyabhuleka okwesikhashana futhi i-torque eyengeziwe idluliselwe emasondweni ngokubambelela okungcono. Konke kulawulwa ngogesi.

Inzuzo yesistimu ye-4Matic isisindo sayo esincane, ngoba abaklami bakwazi ukuqeda izingxenye eziningi zemishini. Nokho, ukonakala yinani eliphezulu. I-Mercedes isebenzisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uhlelo lwe-4Matic. ekilasini C, E, S, R kanye namaSUV (ikilasi M, GLK, GL).

Wojciech Frölichowski