Injini yokungenisa umoya: isebenza kanjani?

Ukuze kubangele ukushisa enjini yokushisa, izakhi ezimbili ezibalulekile ziyadingeka: uphethiloli kanye ne-oxidizer. Lapha sizogxila ekubhekeni ukuthi i-oxidant ingena kanjani enjinini, okungukuthi umoya-mpilo okhona emoyeni.

Isibonelo sokuthatha umoya enjini yesimanje

Ukunikezwa komoya: iyiphi indlela ethathwa yi-oxidizer?

Umoya oqondiswe ekamelweni elivuthayo kufanele udlule kumjikelezo, onezici ezimbalwa ezichazayo, manje ake sizibone.

1) Isihlungi somoya

Into yokuqala engena ku-oxidizer yenjini isihlungi somoya. Lesi sakamuva sinesibopho sokuthwebula nokubamba izinhlayiya eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zingalimazi izinto zangaphakathi zenjini (igumbi lomlilo). Nokho, kunezilungiselelo/izikali zokuhlunga umoya ezimbalwa. Uma izicupho zokuhlunga ziba nezinhlayiya eziningi, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi umoya udlule: lokhu kuzonciphisa kancane amandla enjini (okuzobe sekuphefumula kancane), kodwa kuthuthukise izinga lomoya ozongena injini. (izinhlayiya ezincane ze-parasitic). Ngokuphambene, isihlungi esidlula umoya omningi (izinga eliphezulu lokugeleza) sizothuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa sivumele izinhlayiya eziningi ukuba zingene.

Idinga ukushintshwa njalo ngoba iyavaleka.

2) Imitha yesisindo somoya

Ezinjini zanamuhla, le nzwa isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa enjinini ye-ECU inqwaba yomoya engena enjinini, kanye nokushisa kwayo. Ngala mapharamitha ephaketheni lakho, ikhompuyutha izokwazi ukulawula umjovo kanye ne-throttle (uphethiloli) ukuze amandla omlilo alawulwe ngokuphelele (ukugcwala komoya / uphethiloli).

Uma ivaleka, ayisathumeli idatha efanele kukhompyutha: i-dongle power off.

3) I-Carburetor (injini endala kaphethiloli)

Izinjini ezindala zikaphethiloli (ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-90) zine-carburetor ehlanganisa imisebenzi emibili: ukuxuba uphethiloli nomoya kanye nokulawula ukugeleza komoya enjini (ukusheshisa). Ukuyilungisa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube yisicefe ... Namuhla ikhompyutha ngokwayo ilinganisa umoya/ingxube kaphethiloli (yingakho injini yakho manje ijwayela izinguquko ezimweni zomkhathi: izintaba, amathafa, njll.).

4) I-Turbocharger (uma uthanda)

Idizayinelwe ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwenjini ngokuvumela umoya owengeziwe ukuthi ugeleze enjinini. Kunokuba sincishiswe amandla enjini engokwemvelo (ukunyakaza kwepiston), sengeza isistimu "ezovuthela" umoya omningi ngaphakathi. Ngale ndlela, singakwazi futhi ukwandisa inani likaphethiloli ngakho-ke ukuvutha (ukuvutha okunamandla = amandla amaningi). I-turbo isebenza kahle kuma-revs aphezulu ngoba inikwa amandla amagesi e-exhaust (okubaluleke kakhulu kuma-revs aphezulu). I-compressor (i-supercharger) iyafana ne-turbo, ngaphandle kokuthi iqhutshwa amandla enjini (iqala ngokuzumayo ukujikeleza kancane, kodwa igijima ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-rpm: i-torque ingcono ku-rpm ephansi).

Kunama-static turbines nama-geometry turbines aguquguqukayo.

5) Isishintshi sokushisa / i-intercooler (uyazikhethela)

Endabeni yenjini ye-turbo, siyawupholisa ngempela umoya ohlinzekwa yi-compressor (yingakho i-turbo), ngoba yakamuva yashiswa kancane ngesikhathi sokucindezela (igesi ecindezelwe ishisa ngokwemvelo). Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukupholisa umoya kukuvumela ukuthi ubeke okuningi ekamelweni elivuthayo (igesi ebandayo ithatha indawo encane kunegesi eshisayo). Ngakho-ke, kuyisishintshi sokushisa: umoya ozopholiswa udlula endaweni enamathele endaweni ebandayo ( yona ngokwayo epholiswa ngomoya omusha wangaphandle [umoya / umoya] noma amanzi [umoya / amanzi]).

6) I-valve ye-throttle (uphethiloli ngaphandle kwe-carburetor)

Izinjini zikaphethiloli zisebenza ngokuxuba okunembe kakhulu komoya kanye nophethiloli, ngakho-ke i-butterfly damper iyadingeka ukulawula umoya ongena enjinini. Injini ye-diesel esebenza ngomoya owedlulele ayidingi (izinjini ze-diesel zanamuhla zinayo, kodwa ngenxa yezinye, izizathu ezicishe zibe yi-anecdotal).

Lapho kusheshisa ngenjini kaphethiloli, kokubili umoya nophethiloli kufanele kuthathwe umthamo: ingxube ye-stoichiometric enesilinganiso se-1 / 14.7 (uphethiloli / umoya). Ngakho-ke, ngokushintshashintsha okuphansi, lapho uphethiloli omncane udingeka (ngoba sidinga igesi elincane), kumelwe sihlunge umoya ongenayo ukuze ungabi ngaphezu kwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho usheshisa ngedizili, umjovo kaphethiloli kuphela emakamelweni avuthayo uyashintsha (ezinguqulweni ezine-turbocharged, i-boost nayo iqala ukuthumela umoya owengeziwe kumasilinda).

7) ukudla okuningi

I-manifold yokuthatha ingesinye sezinyathelo zokugcina endleleni yokungenisa umoya. Lapha sikhuluma ngokusatshalaliswa komoya ongena ku-cylinder ngayinye: indlela ihlukaniswe yaba izindlela eziningana (kuye ngokuthi inani lamasilinda enjini). Inzwa yokucindezela nezinga lokushisa ivumela ikhompuyutha ukuthi ilawule injini ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Ingcindezi ehlukahlukene iphansi kuphethiloli onomthwalo ophansi (i-throttle ayivuleki kahle, ayisheshi kahle), kuyilapho kodizili ihlala ilungile (> 1 ibha). Ukuze uqonde, bheka ulwazi olwengeziwe esihlokweni esingezansi.

Kuphethiloli ngomjovo ongaqondile, ama-injection atholakala ku-manifold ukuze ashise uphethiloli. Kukhona nezinguqulo zephuzu elilodwa (ezindala) nezinamaphuzu amaningi: bona lapha.

Amanye ama-elementi axhunywe ku-multifold intake:

• I-Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve: Izinjini zesimanje zine-valve ye-EGR, evumela ukuthi amanye amagesi aphinde ajikelezwe. ukuthatha kaningi ukuze adlule ngamasilinda futhi (yehlisa ukungcola: i-NOx ngokupholisa ukusha. I-oxygen encane).
• Ukuphefumula: Umhwamuko kawoyela ophuma ku-crankcase ubuyela endaweni yokungena.

8) I-valve yokungena

Kulesi sinyathelo sokugcina, umoya ungena enjinini ngomnyango omncane obizwa ngokuthi ivalvu yokungena ovulekayo futhi uvale ngokuqhubekayo (ngokomjikelezo wama-4-stroke).

Isibali sidida kanjani ngendlela efanele?

I-ECU yenjini ikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ngokunembile zonke "izithako" ngenxa yolwazi olunikezwa izinzwa / ama-probe ahlukahlukene. Imitha yokugeleza ikhombisa isisindo somoya ongenayo kanye nezinga lokushisa layo. Inzwa yokucindezela ku-manifold oyithathayo ikuvumela ukuthi wazi i-boost pressure (turbo) ngokulungisa yakamuva nge-wastegate. I-lambda probe ku-exhaust yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona umphumela wengxube ngokutadisha amandla amagesi okukhipha umoya.

Ama-Topology / Izinhlobo Zomhlangano

Nansi eminye imihlangano ngophethiloli (uphethiloli / udizili) kanye nobudala (izinjini ezindala kakhulu noma ezingaphansi).

Injini endala ingqikithi umkhathi à

carburetor

Nansi injini kaphethiloli endala eshiwo ngokwemvelo (80s / 90s). Umoya udlula esihlungini futhi ingxube yomoya / uphethiloli ithathwa yi-carburetor.

Injini endala ingqikithi turbo à carburetor

injini ingqikithi umjovo wesimanje womkhathi ngokungaqondile

Lapha i-carburetor ishintshwa nge-valve ye-throttle nama-injection. I-Modernism isho ukuthi injini ilawulwa ngogesi. Ngakho-ke, kunezinzwa zokugcina ikhompuyutha isesikhathini.

injini ingqikithi umjovo wesimanje womkhathi umhlahlandlela

Umjovo uqondile lapha ngoba ama-injection aqondiswe ngqo emakamelweni avuthayo.

injini ingqikithi umjovo wesimanje we-turbo umhlahlandlela

Enjinini yakamuva kaphethiloli

injini udizili umjovo umhlahlandlela et ngokungaqondile

Enjinini ye-diesel, ama-injection abekwe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ekamelweni elivuthayo (ngokungaqondile kune-prechamber exhunywe ekamelweni elikhulu, kodwa awukho umjovo endaweni yokungena, njengakuphethiloli onomjovo ongaqondile). Bona lapha ukuze uthole incazelo eyengeziwe. Lapha, umdwebo kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekisele ezinguqulweni ezindala ngomjovo ongaqondile.

injini udizili umjovo umhlahlandlela

Udizili wesimanje ngokuvamile unomjovo oqondile namashaja amakhulu. Kwengezwe inqwaba yezinto zokuhlanza (i-valve ye-EGR) nokulawula injini ngekhompyutha (ikhompyutha nezinzwa)

Injini kaphethiloli: ivacuum yokungenisa

Njengoba cishe uyazi, inqwaba yenjini kaphethiloli ingaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi, okungukuthi, ingcindezi iphakathi kuka-0 no-1 ibha. Ibha engu-1 (cishe) ingcindezi yomkhathi kuplanethi yethu ezingeni eliphansi, ngakho-ke lena ingcindezi esiphila kuyo. Futhi qaphela ukuthi akukho ukucindezela okubi, umkhawulo unguziro: i-vacuum ephelele. Endabeni yenjini kaphethiloli, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukunikezwa komoya ngesivinini esiphansi ukuze kugcinwe isilinganiso se-oxidizer / fuel (ingxube ye-stoichiometric). Kodwa-ke, qaphela, khona-ke ingcindezi ilingana nengcindezi emkhathini wethu ophansi (ibha engu-1) lapho silayishwe ngokugcwele (i-throttle igcwele: i-throttle ivuleke kakhulu). Izodlula ngisho ibha futhi ifinyelele ibha engu-2 uma kukhona i-boost (i-turbo evuthela umoya futhi ekugcineni icindezele imbobo yokungena).

Ukubhaliswa kwesikole DIESEL

Enjinini ye-diesel, ingcindezi okungenani ibha ye-1, njengoba umoya ugeleza ngendlela ofuna ngayo endaweni yokungena. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi izinga lokugeleza liyashintsha (kuye ngokuthi ijubane), kodwa ukucindezela kuhlala kungashintshi.

Ukubhaliswa kwesikole UBUYISEKELI

(Umthwalo ophansi)

Uma usheshisa kancane, umzimba wempintsha awuvuli kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuhamba komoya. Lokhu kudala uhlobo lokuminyana kwezimoto. Injini idonsa umoya ohlangothini olulodwa (kwesokudla), kuyilapho i-throttle valve ivimbela ukugeleza (kwesobunxele): kwenziwa i-vacu esikhaleni, bese ingcindezi iphakathi kwebha ye-0 ne-1.

Ekulayisheni okugcwele (i-throttle egcwele), i-valve ye-throttle ivula kuze kufike phezulu futhi akukho mphumela wokuvala. Uma kukhona i-turbocharging, ingcindezi izofinyelela ngisho ku-2 bar (lokhu cishe ukucindezela okusemathayini akho).

Yonke imibono nokuphendula

wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:

Kuthunyelwe ngu (Usuku: 2021 08:15:07)

incazelo ye-radiator outlet

Il J. 1 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:

• Ukuphatha UMPHATHI WENDAWO (2021-08-19 11:19:36): Ingabe akhona ama-zombies esizeni?

(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)

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