Thatha... isitimela se-hydrogen
Umqondo wokwakha isitimela nge-hydrogen awumusha njengoba abanye bengacabanga. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, lo mbono ubonakala uthuthukiswe ngenkuthalo. Singase sizibuze ukuthi maduzane singase sibone nezitimela ze-hydrogen hydrogen. Kodwa mhlawumbe kungcono ukungalahli.
Ekupheleni kuka-2019, ulwazi lwavela lokho Bydgoska PESA maphakathi no-2020, ufuna ukulungisa uhlelo lwezigaba zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-propulsion esekelwe kumaseli e-hydrogen fuel ezimotweni zikaloliwe. Ngonyaka, kufanele ziqale ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana nazo I-PKN ORLEN ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokusebenza kwezimoto. Ekugcineni, izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe kufanele zisetshenziswe kokubili ezitimeleni ezithwala impahla kanye nasezimotweni zikaloliwe ezihloselwe ukuthutha abagibeli.
Ukukhathazeka kukaphethiloli wasePoland kumemezele ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokuhlanza i-hydrogen embonini ye-ORLEN Południe e-Trzebin. Ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli we-hydrogen ohlanzekile, ozosetshenziselwa ukuphehla izimoto, okuhlanganisa nezitimela ezihleliwe ze-PESA, kufanele kuqale ngo-2021.
Poland, kuhl. sibonga i-PKN ORLEN, ingenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu be-hydrogen emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwabaphathi benkampani, ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, isivele ikhiqiza amathani angama-45 ngehora. Idayisa le mali eluhlaza ezimotweni zabagibeli eziteshini ezimbili eJalimane. Ngokushesha, abashayeli bezimoto eCzech Republic bazokwazi ukufaka uphethiloli nge-hydrogen, njengoba i-UNIPETROL evela eqenjini le-ORLEN izoqala ukwakha iziteshi ezintathu ze-hydrogen lapho ngonyaka ozayo.
Ezinye izinkampani zikaphethiloli zasePoland nazo ziyabandakanyeka kumaphrojekthi e-hydrogen athokozisayo. LOTUS iqala ukusebenza nayo IToyotangesisekelo lapho kuhlelwe ukuthi kwakhiwe iziteshi zokuthela amafutha ngalo mafutha emvelo. Isikhondlakhondla sethu segesi siphinde sahola izingxoxo zokuqala neToyota, I-PGNiGofuna ukuba omunye wabaholi ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen ePoland.
Izindawo zokufunda zihlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukuqhutshwa kwezimoto kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwenethiwekhi kumakhasimende. Cishe iToyota icabanga ngamandla ezinhlobo zayo ze-Mirai hydrogen, inguqulo yayo elandelayo okufanele ingene emakethe ngo-2020.
Ngo-Okthoba, inkampani yasePoland PKP Amandla Ngokubambisana neDeutsche Bahn, i-fuel cell yethulwe ukunikeza enye injini ye-diesel njengomthombo wamandla ophuthumayo. Le nkampani ifuna nokubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen. Omunye wemibono abezindaba abakhuluma ngayo ukushintshela ku-hydrogen. Umzila wesitimela we-Reda-Hel, esikhundleni sokufakwa kwawo ugesi okuhleliwe.
Isixazululo esivezwe embukisweni wesitimela we-TRAKO yilokho okubizwa. Ikhithi iqukethe iphaneli ye-photovoltaic esebenzisana ne-methanol fuel cell, ehlinzeka ngogesi ngaphandle kwegridi yamandla evamile. Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kunganele, i-fuel cell iqala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Okubalulekile, iseli lingasebenza nangamafutha e-hydrogen.
I-Hydrail noma i-hydrogen Railway
Izicelo ezingase zibe khona kojantshi be-hydrogen zifaka zonke izinhlobo zezokuthutha zikaloliwe - abagibeli, abagibeli, izimpahla, ujantshi omncane, ohamba phambili, ojantshi basezimayini, amasistimu kaloliwe wezimboni, kanye nokuwela amazinga akhethekile emapaki namamnyuziyamu.
Ukuqokwa "I-Hydrogen Railway" () yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-Agasti 22, 2003 ngesikhathi sesethulo e-Volpe Transportation Systems Center yoMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-US eCambridge. UStan Thompson we-AT&T wabe esenikeza isethulo nge-Mooresville Hydrail Initiative. Kusukela ngo-2005, iNgqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngama-Hydraulic Actuators ibibanjwe minyaka yonke yi-Appalachian State University kanye neSouth Iredell Chamber of Commerce eMooresville ngokubambisana namanyuvesi nezinye izinhlangano.
Zenzelwe ukuhlanganisa ndawonye ososayensi, onjiniyela, abaphathi bezitshalo, ochwepheshe bezimboni kanye nabaqhubi abasebenza noma abasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke ukuze babelane ngolwazi nezingxoxo eziholela ekwamukelweni ngokushesha kwezixazululo ze-hydrogen - mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu, amandla. ezokuphepha . kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho jikelele.
Ekuqaleni, ubuchwepheshe be-hydrogen fuel cell baziwa kakhulu futhi busetshenziswa kabanzi eJapan naseCalifornia. Nokho, muva nje, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulunywa ngakho kakhulu okuhlobene nalokhu kuseJalimane.
Izitimela ze-Alstom-Coradia iLint (1) - ifakwe ama-fuel cell aguqula i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kube ugesi, ngaleyo ndlela iqede ukukhishwa okuyingozi okuhlobene nophethiloli ovuthayo, ishaye ama-rails e-Lower Saxony, eJalimane, ngoSepthemba 2018. I-100 km - idlule eCuxhaven, Bremerhaven, Bremerwerde kanye ne-Buxtehude, ithatha indawo yemikhumbi ekhona yezitimela zikadizili lapho.
Izitimela zaseJalimane zigcwaliswa ngesiteshi esihambayo sokugcwalisa i-hydrogen. Igesi ye-hydrogen izophonswa ezitimeleni isuka ku-container yensimbi engaphezu kwamamitha angu-12 ukuphakama eduze kukajantshi esiteshini saseBremerwerde.
Esiteshini esisodwa sikaphethiloli, izitimela zingahamba kunethiwekhi usuku lonke, ezithatha i-1 km. Ngokohlelo, isiteshi sokugcwalisa esingaguquki endaweni esisetshenzelwa inkampani yesitimela i-EVB sizokwethulwa ngo-2021, lapho i-Alstom izoletha ezinye izitimela eziyi-14 ze-Coradia iLint Umsebenzisi we-LNG.
NgoMeyi odlule, kwabikwa ukuthi i-Alstom izokhiqiza ezinye izitimela ze-hydrogen ezingu-27 Umsebenzisi we-RMVezothuthela esifundeni sase-Rhine-Main. I-Hydrogen yedepho ye-RMV iphrojekthi yengqalasizinda yesikhathi eside ezoqala ngo-2022.
Inkontileka yokuhlinzeka nokugcinwa kwezitimela zamaseli ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-500 isikhathi esiyiminyaka engama-25. Inkampani izobhekana nokuhlinzekwa kwe-hydrogen I-Infraserv GmbH & Co Hoechst KG. Kuse-Höchst eduze ne-Frankfurt am Main lapho kuzofakwa khona imboni yokufaka amafutha nge-hydrogen. Ukwesekwa kuzohlinzekwa nguhulumeni wobumbano waseJalimane - uzoxhasa ngezimali ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi kanye nokuthengwa kwe-hydrogen ngo-40%.
2. I-Hybrid hydrogen locomotive ihlolwe e-Los Angeles
E-UK Alstom enenkampani yenethiwekhi yendawo I-Eversholt Rail uhlela ukuguqula izitimela ze-Class 321 zibe izitimela ze-hydrogen ezinobubanzi obungafika ku-1 km. km, ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu 140 km / h. Iqoqo lokuqala lemishini yesimanje yalolu hlobo kufanele yenziwe futhi ilungele ukusebenza ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Umkhiqizi waseBrithani uphinde wembula iphrojekthi yesitimela samaseli kaphethiloli ngonyaka odlule. Vivarail.
E-France, inkampani yesitimela ephethwe nguhulumeni SNCF uzibekele umgomo wokuqeda izitimela ezisebenza ngodizili ngo-2035. Njengengxenye yalo msebenzi, i-SNCF ihlela ukuqala ukuhlola izimoto ze-hydrogen fuel cell ngo-2021 futhi ilindele ukuthi zibe sezisebenza ngokugcwele ngo-2022.
Ucwaningo ngezitimela ze-hydrogen seluneminyaka eminingi lwenziwa e-US naseCanada. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwesitimela ukuze kuthuthwe ezikhungweni zemikhumbi. Ngo-2009-2010 wabavivinya inkampani yenethiwekhi yendawo ye-BNSF eLos Angeles (2). Le nkampani isanda kuthola inkontileka yokwakha isitimela sokuqala esiphehlwa nge-hydrogen e-United States (3). Stadler.
Isivumelwano sihlinzekela ithuba lokudala eminye imishini emine. Inikwa amandla yi-hydrogen Flitha H2 okuhlelelwe ukwethulwa ngo-2024 njengengxenye yephrojekthi kaloliwe wabagibeli Iziqhingi, umugqa ongu-14,5 km phakathi kwe-Redlands ne-Metrolink e-San Bernardino, e-California.
3. Okubalulekile ukukhangisa isitimela sokuqala sabagibeli se-hydrogen e-US.
Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, u-Stadler uzokwakha isitimela se-hydrogen esizoba nezimoto ezimbili nhlangothi zombili zeyunithi yamandla equkethe amaseli kaphethiloli namathangi e-hydrogen. Lesi sitimela kulindeleke ukuthi sithwale abagibeli abangu-108, sibe nendawo yokuma eyengeziwe kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esifinyelela ku-130 km/h.
ENingizimu Korea IHyundai Motor Group njengamanje yakha isitimela sama-fuel cell, okuyisibonelo sokuqala okulindeleke ukuthi sikhishwe ngo-2020.
Izinhlelo zicabanga ukuthi uzokwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angama-200 phakathi kwe-refueling, ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-70 km / h. Ngokulandelayo, eJapane I-East Japan Railway Company. umemezele uhlelo lokuhlola izitimela ze-hydrogen ezintsha kusukela ngo-2021. Uhlelo luzohlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu esingu-100 km/h. futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ihambe cishe amakhilomitha angu-140 ethangini elilodwa le-hydrogen.
Uma ujantshi we-hydrogen uduma, uzodinga uphethiloli kanye nayo yonke ingqalasizinda ukusekela ezokuthutha zikaloliwe. Akuwona nje ujantshi wesitimela.
Eyokuqala yethulwe eJapan muva nje. i-liquefied hydrogen carrierI-Suiso Frontier. Inamandla amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-8. Yenzelwe ukuthuthwa kwasolwandle okude kwenani elikhulu le-hydrogen, epholile ku-253 ° C, ngevolumu encishisiwe ngesilinganiso se-1/800 uma kuqhathaniswa nevolumu yegesi yasekuqaleni.
Umkhumbi kufanele ube usulungile ekupheleni kuka-2020. Lena yimikhumbi i-ORLEN engayisebenzisa ukuze ikhiphe i-hydrogen eyikhiqizayo. Ingabe ikusasa elikude?
4. I-Suiso Frontier emanzini
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