Nazi izizathu zangempela zokuthi kungani izikhathi zokulinda zeToyota LandCruiser, Kia Sorento nezinye izimoto ezintsha zango-2022 zisezinde kakhulu.

Kusukela kuma-chips kuye emikhunjini kuya kubasebenzi abagulayo, kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani uthola kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga iLand Cruiser.

Uke wazama ukuthenga imoto entsha njengamanje? Kwezinye izinhlobo, njengeToyota Landcruiser 300 kanye ne-RAV4 noma iVolkswagen Amarok, kuzodingeka ulinde izinyanga eziningi, mhlawumbe kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu, ukuze uthole izinketho ezidingeka kakhulu.

Ucabanga ukuthi ungakugwema lokhu ngokuthenga into engasetshenziswa kancane esikhundleni? Ngandlela thize, lena into embi kakhulu ongayenza. Imakethe yezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe ikubonile ukushoda kwezimoto ezintsha, futhi abathengisi abazimele kanye nabadayisi bezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe ngokufanayo bazitika ngokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo amadala, ikakhulukazi kuma-SUV namaSUV. Ucabanga ukuthenga i-Suzuki Jimny emakethe yezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe? Ungakwenzi lokhu ngaphandle uma uzimisele ukukhokha i-premium yezibalo ezinhlanu phezu kokudayisa.

Kodwa kungani, eminyakeni emibili kuqale ubhubhane, izimoto zisembalwa kangaka? Ngabe lo bhubhane usenecala? Impendulo ilula: "ngoba ama-computer chips"? Hhayi cha. Isimo sinzima kakhulu, kodwa ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani, okokuqala sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi amaketanga okuhlinzeka ngezimoto asebenza kanjani.

Uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka

Konke kuxhunyiwe. Konke. Akukho ukuntenga ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke. Lapho umphakeli enqaba ingxenye yakhe yalolu chungechunge lwezingathekiso, umthengi uzokuzwa lokhu eceleni kwakhe.

Okuningi kwalokhu kuhlobene nenkambiso yemboni eyaziwa ngokuthi ukukhiqiza okufika ngesikhathi, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukukhiqiza okuqinile. Eyokuqala eyasungulwa ngabakwaToyota engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule futhi yamukelwa cishe yibo bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iye yasiza abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuba basuke ekulondolozeni uhlu olukhulu lwezingxenye, izingxenye ezincane, nezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni salokho baqinisekise ukuthi inani lezingxenye ezi-odiwe. evela kubahlinzeki ifanisa nenani labo. izingxenye ezidingekayo ngempela ukukhiqiza izimoto, hhayi ngaphezulu futhi ngokuqinisekile akukho ngaphansi. Isuse udoti, yaholela ochungechungeni lokunikezela ngezinto olusebenza kahle kakhulu, kwanda ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, futhi lapho yonke into isebenza njengoba kufanele, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlanganisa izimoto ngenani elithengekayo.

Nokho, lolu akulona uhlelo olumelana kakhulu nokwehluleka.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokumisa ulayini womhlangano wonke ngenxa yokuthi umphakeli oyedwa akakwazanga ukusebenza ndawonye, ​​abakhiqizi bezimoto bazosebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-multisourcing". Kusukela kumathayi kuya kumantongomane namabhawodi ngamanye, ingxenye ayivamisile ukuba nomthombo owodwa kuphela, futhi ngokuvamile kuzoba nokuphindaphinda uma ingxenye isetshenziswa kakhulu emugqeni wokukhiqiza wamamodeli amaningi. Umthengi wokugcina ngeke azi ukuthi ipulasitiki yezicabha zabo yayihlinzekwe Umhlinzeki A noma Umhlinzeki B - ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke zibukeka futhi zizizwa zifana - kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthi uma Umhlinzeki A enezinkinga kulayini wakhe wokuhlanganisa, Umhlinzeki B. angangenela. futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ipulasitiki yomnyango eyanele iya efekthri yemoto ukuze ugcine umugqa uvuliwe.

Abahlinzeki A no-B baziwa ngokuthi "Abahlinzeki beSigaba XNUMX" futhi bahlinzeka umenzi wezimoto izingxenye eziqediwe ngokuqondile. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ezinkulu zingavela lapho bonke laba bahlinzeki besigaba sokuqala besebenzisa umhlinzeki ofanayo wabo izinto zokusetshenziswa, okuzokwaziwa ngokuthi umphakeli wesigaba sesibili.

Futhi yileso simo uma kuziwa cishe kuyo yonke into kagesi emotweni. Uma ingxenye yezimoto idinga i-microprocessor yanoma iyiphi incazelo, khona-ke imithombo yama-silicon chips akha lawa ma-microprocessors afakwa phakathi ngendlela ehlekisayo. Eqinisweni, yizwe elilodwa kuphela—i-Taiwan—elinesabelo sebhubesi sama-silicon chips (noma ama-semiconductors), ngamaphesenti angama-63 emakethe yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-semiconductor emhlabeni wonke, iningi lawo livela enkampanini eyodwa: i-TMSC. Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhiqizwa kwama-microcircuits aqediwe kanye ne-electronics, i-USA, iSouth Korea ne-Japan ithatha ingxenye enkulu yemakethe, futhi yidlanzana lezinkampani kulezi zifunda ezihlinzeka ngama-microprocessors cishe emhlabeni wonke.

Ngokwemvelo, lapho abahlinzeki be-microprocessor besigaba sesibili behlisa ijubane ngenxa yalolu bhubhane, kanjalo namakhasimende abo—bonke labo bahlinzeki besigaba sokuqala. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlukahluka kulokhu sekupheleni kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, izinqubo eziningi zokuthola usizo zazingenele ukugcina imigqa yokuhlangana yabakhi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke isebenza.

Isimo sibe sibi kakhulu njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto behlulekile ukulindela ukuqhubeka kwesidingo esikhulu sezimoto ngesikhathi sodlame, kodwa njengoba abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto besuka ezimotweni ukuze behlise inani lama-chips adingekayo (iSuzuki Jimny, Tesla Model 3 kanye neVolkswagen Golf R izibonelo ezimbili zakamuva) kukhona ezinye izici...

Isimo ngomkhumbi

Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlelo zemvelo ezintekenteke, umhlaba wokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke ugcwele njengokukhiqizwa kwezimoto.

Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi imingcele yenzuzo yemikhumbi yasolwandle incane ngokumangalisayo, kodwa imikhumbi efakwe emabhokisini nayo ibiza kakhulu ukusebenza. Njengoba lo bhubhane luphazamisa amaketanga kodwa futhi ludala isidingo esingalindelekile sempahla yabathengi, ukuhamba kwemikhumbi neziqukathi kuphazamiseke kakhulu, okungaholeli ekubambezelekeni okukhulu kuphela kodwa nasekukhuphukeni kwezindleko zokuthumela.

Izimpahla eziningi ezithengwayo zivela e-China naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi lapho izimpahla zithunyelwa zisuka kuleyo ngxenye yomhlaba ziyiswa kwenye, iziqukathi ezithwala leyo mpahla ngokuvamile ziphinde zigcwaliswe ngemikhiqizo evela ezweni okuya kulo bese zilayishwa kwenye. Ekugcineni umkhumbi ubuyela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukuyoqedela umjikelezo futhi.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu sezimpahla ezenziwe ngamaShayina, kodwa isidingo esilinganiselwe sezimpahla eziya ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqwaba yeziqukathi zagcina zime emachwebeni aseMelika naseYurophu, futhi imikhumbi yabe isibuyela e-Asia iphethe okuncane. noma kungekho mpahla emkhunjini. Lokhu kuphazamise ukusatshalaliswa kwamakhonteyna emhlabeni jikelele, okuholele ekushodeni kwamakhonteyina eChina, nokuholele ekubambezelekeni okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwayo yonke into ekhiqizwa kulesi sifunda - izimpahla ezithengwayo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezinye zazo ebezidingeka imigqa yokukhiqiza izimoto.

Futhi, vele, njengoba imigqa yokukhiqiza yesimanje isebenza kuphela lapho izingxenye zilethwa ngesikhathi esifanele, lokhu kubangela ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zomhlangano zihlale zingenzi lutho zilinde izingxenye nezinto zokwakha ukuthi zifike—izingxenye nezinto ezingezona ngempela ezokuqala. nama-chips ngaphakathi.

Awukwazi ukwakha imoto ekhaya

Uma ungumuntu osebenza ngekhola emhlophe, imodi yokusebenza usuka ekhaya cishe iyisibusiso. Uma umsebenzi wakho udinga ukuthi usebenze ngamathuluzi endaweni yokuhlanganisa izimoto, kuhle... akufani nokuthi ungahlanganisa i-Kluger etafuleni lakho lasekhishini.

Ngokuphawulekayo, naphezu kwalokhu, izimboni eziningi zikwazile ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kulo lonke lolu bhubhane, nokho, ngenkathi abasebenzi basefektri ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba besakwazi ukusebenza ngamathuluzi, kusekhona izinga elithile lokuphazamiseka ekuhambeni kwabo komsebenzi.

Okokuqala, izinkampani bekufanele zenze izindawo zokusebenza ziphephe ngokwanele kubasebenzi bazo. Lokho kusho ukulungisa kabusha izindawo zokusebenza ukuze zikwazi ukubhekelela ukuqhelelana komphakathi, ukufaka izikrini, uku-oda izinto zokuzivikela, ukuhlela kabusha amagumbi okuphumula kanye namagumbi okuvala—uhlu luyaqhubeka. Le nqubo ithatha isikhathi. Ukusebenza ngamashifu nabasebenzi abambalwa kube elinye isu lokuphepha kwabasebenzi, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekukhiqizeni.

Bese kwenzekani uma kubaneka. Ikhefu lakamuva ekukhiqizweni kweToyota lidalwe ikakhulukazi ukuthi abasebenzi bagula: amacala amane nje abenele ukuvala imboni yenkampani eTsutsumi eJapan. Noma amafekthri angavali uma umuntu egula, ukungasebenzi emsebenzini ngenxa yokuvalelwa yedwa kusenomthelela ekukhiqizeni kwefekthri ngenxa yokuthi igciwane le-COVID-19 lisabalale kangakanani.

So... kuzophela nini?

Asikho isizathu esisodwa esiyinhloko esenza kube nzima ukuthola izimoto manje, kodwa kunezizathu eziningi ezixhumene. Kulula ukusola i-COVID-19, kodwa ubhubhane beluyimbangela eyabangela ukuba indlu yamakhadi, i.

Nokho, ekugcineni, yonke into izobuyiselwa. Kuningi okungahambi kahle ezintweni ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwe-microprocessor kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke, kodwa amathemba okululama mahle. Kodwa-ke, kusazobonakala ukuthi imboni izozivikela kanjani ekuphindaphindweni kwalesi simo.

Mayelana nokuthi ukululama kuzokwenzeka nini, mancane amathuba okuthi kwenzeke kulo nyaka. Ngamafuphi, uma ukwazi ukulinda kancane ukuze uthenge imoto yakho elandelayo, ungase wonge imali futhi unciphise isikhathi sakho sokulinda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, ungavumeli laba baqageli bemakethe yesibili abamangazayo.