Idrayivu yokuhlola iVolvo FH16 neBMW M550d: Umthetho kaNewton
Umhlangano othokozisayo ngokungabibikho kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezimoto ezingavamile
Sikhuluma ngamandla - kwesinye isimo siveza ukusheshisa, kanti kwesinye - etafuleni. Umhlangano wezincwadi othokozisayo wezinhlobo ezimbili zezimoto ezingavamile, ngayinye ngendlela yayo ebonisa ukweqisa kwefilosofi yamasilinda ayisithupha.
Ama-in-line amasilinda ayisithupha ayazilinganisa buthule ngendlela engeke ilingane nenye injini ngobunyoninco bayo. I-postulate efanayo iyiqiniso kunoma iyiphi iyunithi ye-in-line yamasilinda ayisithupha. Kodwa-ke, lezi ezimbili zingezohlobo olukhethekile - mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi zingabameleli abakhulu bezinhlobo zabo. Inamandla angu-381 hp. kanye namalitha amathathu nje okususwa kwenjini evuthayo, ukushayela i-BMW M550d kudala isithombe esingenakuqhathaniswa ezilwaneni zezimoto futhi kungase kubhekwe njengokusho okukhulu kokunciphisa (asazi ukuthi inguqulo ye-4 turbocharger izosebenza kanjani okwamanje). "Mhlawumbe" ngoba abakwaBMW abakaze balahle izinjini ezingamasilinda ayisishiyagalombili egameni lokwehliswa. Amandla weyunithi ye-N57S, yebo, ayikho emnothweni - kwesinye sezivivinyo zakamuva ze-auto motor und sport M 550d, kuphawulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphakathi kuka-11,2 amalitha. Futhi lokho kuvela emshinini onesisindo esingamathani amabili "ngokulambisa". Angase abukeke emangalisa uma eqhathaniswa nawo wonke umhlaba wezimoto, kodwa awalutho uma eqhathaniswa nesitimela esingamathani angu-40 esihamba emigwaqweni. I-Volvo FH16. Isebenzisa amalitha angu-39 kuphela kadizili ngebanga lika-100 km. Siyini lesi siqhathaniso? Kulula kakhulu - kokubili i-M550d ne-FH16 ithatha ifilosofi yamasilinda ayisithupha ngokwedlulele, futhi lokhu kuyinto engavamile, kodwa kuphela emndenini wogandaganda abasindayo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basendleleni noma ngaphandle komgwaqo.
amathani angama-40 akuyona inkinga kulo mshini. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme zomgwaqo, i-FH16 iyaqhubeka nokugcina isivinini sayo "sokuhamba" esingama-85 km / h, inqobo nje uma ukugoba kwamakhona kuyivumela ukuba ihambe ngendlela efanayo. Nokho, ezimweni ezinjalo, i-FH16 ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa futhi ikakhulukazi yizinkampani ezidinga ukuthutha okusheshayo emigwaqweni ewumqansa. Amandla wangempela aleli loli awasekho futhi awekho ngaphansi kuka-750 hp. amandla kanye ne-torque engu-3550 Nm, esetshenziswa njengendlela yokudonsa ukuthutha imithwalo emikhulu nesindayo efana nemishini yokwakha noma amakholomu okuhluza ama-distillation ezindaweni zokuhlanza. ESweden, lapho, ngokungafani naseYurophu, umthetho uvumela izitimela ukuba zibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angu-40, cishe amathani angu-60 ezimpahla, njengezingodo, ngokuvamile ziyathuthwa. Akukhona ukuthi ayikwazi ukusingatha amathani angu-60 okukhulunywa ngawo kalula nje ngeminyaka yama-40s, ngokusho kozakwabo abavela kumagazini we-auto motor und sport weloli kanye nenkampani yebhasi i-lastauto omnibus.
I-torque enkulu ngu-950 rpm
Lo mshini onama-turbocharger amathathu akwaBMW ukwazile ukuthola itorque engu-740 Nm ku-2000 rpm. Injini yeVolvo FH16 D16 ayikwazi ngisho ukuphupha ijubane elingaka. Umshini ongu-16,1-litre onesilinda esishintshayo esilingana nebhodlela likabhiya elingu-2,5 litre namanye angu-168 milliliters webhonasi, ufinyelela ku-torque engu-3550 Nm ku ... 950 rpm. Cha, alikho iphutha, futhi empeleni ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma ngobubanzi bepiston obungu-144mm kanye ne-stroke engu-165mm. Ngaphambi nje kokuba injini ye-BMW ifinyelele i-torque yayo ephezulu, injini ye-Volvo D16 ifinyelela amandla ayo aphezulu - eqinisweni, itholakala ku-1600 kuya ku-1800 rpm.
Umlando we-D16 uhlehlela emuva ku-1993, futhi phakathi neminyaka engu-22 ikhona, amandla ayo akhula kancane kancane. Inguqulo yakamuva ye-D16K manje inama-turbocharger amabili e-cascade egameni lokufinyelela izinga lokukhishwa kwe-Euro 6. Siyabonga kubo kanye nokucindezela komjovo okhuphukile ohlelweni lwe-pump-injector kuya kubha engu-2400, iyakwazi ukuletha i-torque eshiwo ngenhla kusenesikhathi. Egameni lokuxuba kangcono uphethiloli nomoya, kwenziwa imijovo eminingi, futhi uhlelo lokuhlanza "igesi yokuqeda", oluhlanganisa isihlungi se-DPF, isiguquli se-catalytic kanye neyunithi ye-SCR, inomthamo omkhulu kunesiqu sonke. BMW.
Ngenxa yohlelo lwe-M550d oludonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, ayikho inkinga yokudlulisa wonke amandla emgwaqeni. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezimanzi, izihlalo ezine akulula ukuthi ziphume esandleni, futhi ngenxa ye-M-settings yesistimu ye-xDrive, abanye ukudlala ngemuva kuvumelekile. Amathuba angempela emoto abonakala ekukhulumeni okucacile kwejubane elingenamkhawulo lomgwaqo omkhulu, lapho abashayeli abaningi beba izinto ezengeziwe. Akusho lutho ngempela ukuthi yimaphi amagiya ayisishiyagalombili e-automatic transmission - ngaphezulu kuka-2000 rpm, lapho i-boost system ifinyelela ingcindezi eyanele (3,0 bar max), i-torque enkulu ikushaya ngawo wonke amandla ayo bese i-M550d iqala ukushintsha ukuhanjiswa. ngokuhlanzekile nangokunemba okumangalisayo.
Injini isisindo 1325 kg
IVolvo FH47 ene-16 HP / l angikwazi ukufanisa ukusheshisa okuguquguqukayo kwe-BMW ne-127 hp yayo. /l. Kodwa-ke, umshini osindayo onezinketho ezahlukene zenani lama-axles okushayela udala umuzwa wamandla we-titanic, ikakhulukazi uma ulayishiwe. Yonke imicu emzimbeni wakho izwakala njengokuqala koshintsho lwamathani angama-62 kanye nokudlulisa okusha kwe-I-Shift DC dual-clutch, eyokuqala yohlobo lwayo kugandaganda onguthelawayeka, uma kunjalo. Emalolini, ikakhulukazi i-FH16, ukwakheka kwe-othomathikhi kanye ne-dual clutch transmissions kuhlukile futhi kuhlanganisa indlela eyisisekelo yamagiya amathathu neqembu elibizwa nge-range/split gear group, elihlinzeka ngamagiya ayi-12. Ahlelwe ngokunemba okukhulu kanye nokuhayiza okufushane kwesistimu ye-pneumatic. Yonke inqwaba iphushelwa phambili, ikwenze uzwe enye ingxenye ye-force equation ka-Newton. Akukona ukusheshisa, kungubuningi. Imiqansa noma imithwalo emikhulu - iVolvo FH16 imane ivuthele ama-turbos amabili, umjovo, ongakatholakali ezinjinini zezimoto, iqala ukuthulula uphethiloli wedizili omningi (umthamo omkhulu wokugeleza ngu-105 l/100 km), namapiston amakhulu anyakazisa imisipha yawo. . thatha lomthwalo omkhulu emahlombe akho. Abanakho ukuthula, ngoba ngokushesha noma kamuva, lapho konke lokhu kwakheka kufanele kumiswe, kuzodingeka basize isistimu yokubhuleka yakudala. Ubuchwepheshe be-VEB+ (Volvo Engine Break) obusebenzisa isilawuli sevalvu ukusebenzisa amawashi acindezelayo nawokukhipha umoya ukuze akhiqize u-470kW we-braking torque. Uma kunesidingo, i-retarder eyengeziwe yengezwa ukulawula isisindo ku-equation.
Umbhalo: unjiniyela uGeorgy Kolev
I-BMW N 57S
Uhlelo lokushaja lwe-BMW luyibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwenkampani yaseBavaria kanye ne-BorgWarner Turbo System futhi alubizwa ngokuthi i-R3S. Empeleni, lokhu wukuthuthukiswa kwe-R2S turbocharger esetshenziswa inkampani efanayo. Umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili ukuthi i-turbocharger yesithathu, futhi encane, ifakwe epayipini le-bypass exhaust elixhuma i-turbocharger encane nenkulu. Ngayo, uhlelo luba yi-parallel-serial - njengoba i-turbocharger yesithathu ishaja kuqala umoya omkhulu. I-crankcase ixhunywe ngama-studs ekhanda - lokhu kwakhiwa kwandisa kakhulu amandla esakhiwo senjini. I-crankshaft kanye nezinduku zokuxhuma nazo ziyaqiniswa ukuze zimelane nengcindezi yokusebenza ekhuphukile ye-535d isuka ku-185 kuya ku-200 bar. Umfutho womjovo kaphethiloli nawo unyusiwe waba ngamabha angu-2200 futhi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokujikeleza kwamanzi lupholisa umoya ocindezelwe.
IVolvo D16K
Injini yeVolvo D16, nayo eyakha isisekelo somndeni wakwaPenta wemikhiqizo yasolwandle, itholakala kumazinga wamandla angu-550, 650 no-750 hp. Inguqulo yakamuva ye-K ingena esikhundleni se-VTG geometry turbocharger ngama-cascade turbocharger amabili. Lokhu kuvumela ukucindezelwa kokugcwalisa ukuba kwandiswe phezu kwesivinini esibanzi. Amandla we-cooler emaphakathi anyusiwe futhi isilinganiso sokucindezela sincishisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga lokushisa lenqubo yokuvutha kanye nokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxides. Ngisho nesistimu ye-BMW elungiswe i-Bosch ye-N57S ayikwazi ukuncintisana ne-bar yayo engu-2200 kanye ne-Volvo ne-bar yayo engu-2400. Isisindo esomile sale yunithi enkulu singama-1325 kg.
IDATHA YOBUCHWEPHESHE I-BMW M 550d
Umzimba
4910-izihlalo sedan, ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama 1860 x 1454 x 2968 mm, wheelbase 1970 mm, net isisindo 2475 kg, isisindo esiphelele esivunyelwe XNUMX kg
I-suspension ezimele ngaphambili nangemuva, i-MacPherson strut enamathambo aphindwe kabili, ngemuva enama-transverse kanye nama-longitudinal struts, i-coaxial coil springs phezu kwama-telescopic shock absorbers, ama-anti-roll bars ngaphambili nangemuva, amabhuleki edisc angena umoya ngaphakathi ngaphambili / ngaphambili 245, ngemuva 50, ngemuva 19 /275 R 35
Ukudluliselwa kwamandla
Ugearbox oyiDual, edonsa ngamagiya ayisishiyagalombili ozishintshayo
Injini
Injini kadizili eyi-in-line six-cylinder enama-turbocharger nama-intercoolers amathathu, i-displacement 2993 cm³, amandla angu-280 kW (381 hp) ku-4000 rpm, i-torque enkulu ingu-740 Nm ku-2000 rpm.
Izici zamandla
0-100 km / h 4,7 isekhondi
Isivinini esikhulu 250 km / h
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okumaphakathi (ekuhlolweni kwe-AMS)
udizili 11,2 amalitha / 100 km
IMICIMBI YE-VOLVO FH16
Umzimba
I-Volvo Globetrotter XL, ikhebhu yensimbi egcwele enesakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi, yomibili ekhanyiswe ngokugcwele. Ukumiswa komoya okunezingxenye ezine. Uhlaka olunezici eziguquguqukayo kanye ne-longitudinal ziboshwe ngamabhawodi nama-rivets. Ama-stabilizer angaphambili nangemuva. Iziphethu ze-parabolic ezinamahlamvu amabili ngaphambili, zinomoya onemicamelo emine ngemuva. Amabhuleki ediskhi ane-electronic control
Ukudluliselwa kwamandla
4 × 2 noma 6 × 4 noma 8 × 6, 12-speed dual-clutch transmission noma automatic
Injini
Injini kadizili engu-16 cylinder enama-turbocharger amabili ne-intercooler, i-unit injector, i-displacement engu-100 cc, amandla angu-551 kW (750 hp) ku-1800 rpm, i-torque ephezulu engu-3550 Nm ku-9500 rpm
Izici zamandla
Isivinini esikhulu 250 km / h
Isilinganiso esisetshenziswa uphethiloli (kuhlolo lwe-Lastauto Omnibus) 39,0 l
udizili / 100 km
