I-USS Long Beach. Umkhumbi-ngwenya wenuzi wokuqala

I-USS Long Beach. I-Silhouette shot ekhombisa okokugcina kwemishini kanye nokucushwa kwezikhali kwesikebhe esinamandla enuzi iLong Beach. Isithombe sathathwa ngo-1989. Izibhamu ezingama-30 mm Mk 127 eziphelelwe yisikhathi ziyaphawuleka.

Ukuphela kweMpi Yezwe II kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezindiza, kanye nosongo olusha ngesimo semicibisholo eqondisiwe, kwaphoqelela ushintsho olukhulu ekucabangeni kwabo bobabili abaphathi kanye nonjiniyela be-US Navy. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini zejethi ukuze ziqhubekisele phambili izindiza, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwanda kwejubane lazo, kwasho ukuthi kakade phakathi nawo-50s, imikhumbi ehlome ngezikhali kuphela yayingakwazi ukunikeza isivikelo esisebenzayo ekuhlaselweni komoya ezindaweni eziphelezelwayo. .

Enye inkinga ye-US Navy kwakuwukungabi namandla olwandle okuphansi kwemikhumbi ephelezelwayo eyayisasebenza, okwaba usizo ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yama-50s. Ngo-Okthoba 1, 1955, i-supercarrier yokuqala evamile USS Forrestal (CVA 59) yafakwa. ukusebenza. Njengoba yasheshe yaba sobala, ubukhulu bayo bayenza ingazweli ukuphakama kwamagagasi aphezulu nokuvunguza komoya, okuwuvumela ukuba igcine isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba ngomkhumbi esingafinyeleleki yimikhumbi evikela izihlangu. Kwaqaliswa isifundo somqondo sohlobo olusha - olukhulu kunangaphambili - ibutho labaphelekezelwa olwandle, elikwazi ukuthatha uhambo olude, nokugcina isivinini esikhulu ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhona ze-hydrometeorological, elihlome ngezikhali ezicitshwayo ezinikeza ukuvikeleka okuphumelelayo ezindizeni ezintsha nemicibisholo yohambo lomkhumbi.

Ngemva kokugunyazwa komkhumbi-ngwenya wokuqala wenuzi emhlabeni wonke ngoSepthemba 30, 1954, lolu hlobo lwesikhungo sokuphehla amandla lwalubhekwa njengelilungele amayunithi angaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni, wonke umsebenzi ohlelweni lokwakha wenziwa ngendlela engekho emthethweni noma eyimfihlo. Ukushintsha kuphela koMkhuzi-Mkhulu we-US Navy kanye nokuthathwa kwemisebenzi yakhe ngo-August 1955 ngu-Admiral W. Arleigh Burke (1901-1996) okwasheshisa kakhulu.

Ku-athomu

Isikhulu sathumela incwadi ezikhungweni zokuklama ngesicelo sokuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthola amakilasi ambalwa emikhumbi engaphezulu enezimboni zamandla enuzi. Ngaphezu kwabathwali bezindiza, kwakumayelana nabagibeli bemikhumbi kanye nabaphelezeli abalingana ne-frigate noma umbhubhisi. Ngemva kokuthola impendulo eqinisekile, ngoSepthemba 1955, uBurke wancoma, futhi umholi wakhe, uCharles Sparks Thomas, uNobhala Wezwe wase-US, wagunyaza umbono wokuhlinzeka ngemali eyanele kusabelomali sango-1957 (FY57) ukuze kwakhiwe umkhumbi wokuqala osebenza ngenuzi.

Amacebo okuqala athatha umkhumbi ongadluli amathani ayi-8000 kanye nesivinini okungenani samafindo angama-30, kodwa kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi izinto zikagesi ezidingekayo, izikhali, ngisho nangaphezulu kwegumbi lenjini, “akunakuminyana. ” kuhlaka lobukhulu obunjalo, ngaphandle kokunyuka okuphawulekayo kulo, futhi isivinini sokuwa esihambisanayo singaphansi kwamafindo angu-30. Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi, ngokungafani nendawo yokuphehla amandla esekelwe kuma-turbine omusi, izinjini zegesi noma izinjini zikadizili, ubukhulu nesisindo. yesikhungo sokuphehla amandla enuzi engadlulanga ayizange ihambisane namandla awamukelwe. Ukuntuleka kwamandla kwabonakala ikakhulukazi ngokwanda kancane kancane nokungenakugwemeka ekuthuthweni komkhumbi oklanyelwe. Isikhathi esifushane, ukunxephezela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, ithuba lokusekela isitshalo samandla enuzi ngama-turbines egesi (ukulungiswa kwe-CONAG) kwakucatshangelwa, kodwa lo mbono washiywa ngokushesha. Njengoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukwandisa amandla atholakalayo, okuwukuphela kwesixazululo kwaba ukulolonga i-hull ukunciphisa ukudonsa kwayo kwe-hydrodynamic ngangokunokwenzeka. Lena bekuyindlela elandelwa onjiniyela, abanqume ngokuhlolwa kwechibi ukuthi idizayini encane enesilinganiso esingu-10:1 sobude nobubanzi izoba yisixazululo esilungile.

Ngokushesha, ochwepheshe be-Bureau of Ships (BuShips) baqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka kwakhiwe i-frigate, okwakufanele ihlome ngesiqhumane serokhethi se-Terrier esinezibhamu ezimbili ezingu-127-mm, sichezuka ngandlela-thile emkhawulweni wamathani owawuhlosiwe ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ukufuduka okuphelele akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside kuleli zinga, kusukela ngo-January 1956 iphrojekthi yaqala kancane "ukukhukhumala" - okokuqala kuya ku-8900, bese kuba amathani angu-9314 (ekuqaleni kuka-March 1956).

Esimweni lapho kwenziwa isinqumo sokufaka isiqalisi se-Terrier emnsalweni nangemuva (okuthiwa i-Double-barreled Terrier), ukufuduka kwanda kwaba amathani angu-9600. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwenkulumo-mpikiswano enkulu, iphrojekthi ifakwe imicibisholo emibili emibili. Iziqhumane ze-Terrier (enenani eliphelele lemicibisholo engama-80), isiqalisi se-Talos esinezihlalo ezimbili (amayunithi angama-50), kanye nesiqalisi se-RAT (i-Rocket Assisted Torpedo, ukhokho we-RUR-5 ASROC). Le phrojekthi imakwe ngohlamvu u-E.