Umthelela we-IIHS Auto Brake Technology

Ngo-March 2016, imboni yezimoto yathola izindaba ezijabulisayo mayelana nokuphepha kwezimoto. Nakuba lesi simemezelo besilokhu sitholakala e-United States kusukela ngo-2006, iNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-NHTSA, kanye ne-Insurance Institute for Highway Safety bamemezele ukuthi ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo okuzenzakalelayo (AEB) kuzoba "okujwayelekile". cishe kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha ezithengiswa e-US ngo-2022. " Ngamanye amazwi, ngenxa yalesi sivumelwano phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu abahlukene abangaphezu kuka-20 kanye nohulumeni wase-US, zonke izimoto ezintsha zizothengiswa namabhuleki ezimo eziphuthumayo afakwe ezicini zazo zokuphepha kusukela kulo nyaka. Njengoba lokhu kubonwe kakhulu njengesici "esiwubukhazikhazi" isikhathi eside, lezi yizindaba ezithokozisayo neziletha uguquko ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni kokuphepha kwezimoto.

Ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kwabenzi bezimoto ku-inthanethi kugcwele ukudumisa ngalesi simemezelo. Abakhiqizi bezimoto okuhlanganisa i-Audi, BMW, General Motors neToyota - ukubala abambalwa - asebeqalile ukuhlomisa izimoto zabo ngezinhlelo zabo ze-AEB, futhi ngamunye wabo uncoma lesi sisekelo esisha sokuphepha kwezimoto. Ngokushesha ngemva kwesimemezelo se-NHTSA, i-Toyota ikhiphe isitatimende sokuthi ihlela ukulinganisa izinhlelo zayo ze-AEB "cishe kuwo wonke amamodeli ekupheleni kuka-2017" futhi i-General Motors yaze yafika ngisho nokuqala "ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okusebenzayo okusebenzayo." indawo” okubangelwa imfuneko ye-AEB. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi imboni nayo ijabule.

Umthelela ekuphepheni

I-Automatic Emergency Braking, noma i-AEB, iwuhlelo lokuphepha olulawulwa yikhompyutha yalo ekwazi ukubona futhi igweme ukushayisana ngokubhuleka imoto ngaphandle kokungenelela komshayeli. I-NHTSA ibikezela ukuthi ukudinga "ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo okuzenzakalelayo kuzovimbela ukushayisana okulinganiselwa ku-28,000 kanye nokulimala kwe-12,000." Lokhu kudumisa okubonakala kuvumelana ngazwi linye kuyaqondakala uma kubhekwa lezi nezinye izibalo zokuphepha ezikhishwe yi-NHTSA mayelana nokushayisana nokuvimbela ukulimala.

Nakuba kungokwemvelo ukujabulela noma iyiphi inqubekelaphambili ekuphepheni kwezimoto, abashayeli abaningi nalabo abaxhumene nezwe lezimoto bayazibuza ukuthi lusho ukuthini ngempela lolu shintsho uma kucatshangelwa njengenani lokuthengwa kwemoto entsha, izindleko zokukhanda izingxenye, nesikhathi. esetshenziswa ekunakekeleni nasekulungiseni. zokuxilonga. Kodwa-ke, lapho izimpendulo ezengeziwe zale mibuzo, izidingo ze-AEB zibangela injabulo kubo bonke abathintekayo.

Indlela uhlelo lwe-AEB olusebenza ngayo

Uhlelo lwe-AEB lunomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Uma nje enye yezinzwa zayo isicushiwe, kufanele inqume ngomzuzwana uma imoto idinga usizo lokubhuleka. Ibese isebenzisa ezinye izinhlelo ezisemotweni, njengezimpondo ze-stereo, ukuthumela isixwayiso sebhuleki kumshayeli. Uma ukutholwa kwenziwe kodwa umshayeli angaphenduli, isistimu ye-AEB izothatha isinyathelo sokulawula imoto ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokubhuleka, ukuyijika, noma kokubili.

Nakuba amasistimu e-AEB eqondene ngqo nomkhiqizi wezimoto futhi azohluka ngawo womabili amagama nangesimo kusuka kumkhiqizi wemoto oyedwa kuya kwesinye, iningi lizosebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinzwa ukwazisa ikhompuyutha ngokuqalisa ukusebenza, njenge-GPS, i-radar, amakhamera, noma ngisho nezinzwa ezinembile. . ama-laser. Lokhu kuzokala isivinini semoto, indawo, ibanga nendawo kwezinye izinto.

imiphumela emihle

Inani lolwazi oluhle emhlabeni wezimoto mayelana nesimemezelo se-NHTSA liyanda, ikakhulukazi mayelana nenkinga enkulu: imiphumela yokuphepha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingozi eziningi zezimoto zidalwa abashayeli. Ekubhulekeni okuvamile, isikhathi sokusabela sidlala indima enkulu ekumiseni ukugwema ukushayisana. Ubuchopho bomshayeli bucubungula isivinini semoto kanye nezimpawu zomgwaqo, amalambu, abahamba ngezinyawo, nezinye izimoto ezihamba ngesivinini esihlukile. Ngeza kulokho iziphazamiso zosuku lwanamuhla njengamabhodi ezikhangiso, imisakazo, amalungu omndeni, futhi vele omakhalekhukhwini bethu esibathandayo, nama-CD ethu angeke aphazamiseke.

Izikhathi ziyashintsha ngempela futhi isidingo sezinhlelo ze-AEB kuzo zonke izimoto sivumela ukuthi sihambisane nezikhathi. Lokhu kwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili empeleni kungavala amaphutha omshayeli ngoba, ngokungafani nomshayeli, uhlelo luhlala luqaphile, luhlale lubheke umgwaqo ohamba phambili ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Uma uhlelo lusebenza ngendlela efanele, kuyisimo sokuwina kuwo wonke umuntu ohilelekile.

Ukushayisana okwenzekayo ngeke kube nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokusabela okusheshayo kohlelo lwe-AEB, olungavikeli umshayeli kuphela kodwa nabagibeli. I-IIHS ithi "izinhlelo ze-AEB zinganciphisa izimangalo zomshwalense wezimoto ngo-35%.

Kodwa ingabe zizoba khona izindleko ezengeziwe zokunakekela? Izinhlelo ze-AEB zisethwe kahle kakhulu ngezinzwa kanye nekhompyutha ezilawulayo. Ngakho, ukunakekelwa okuhleliwe kufanele (futhi kubathengisi bezimoto abaningi kakade kuhlanganisa) nakho kufaka phakathi la masheke ngezindleko ezithe xaxa noma ezingekho.

Imiphumela Emibi

Akuwona wonke umuntu ovumelana ngazwi linye mayelana nezinhlelo ze-AEB. Njenganoma ibuphi obunye ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthi buletha izinguquko, izinhlelo ze-AEB ziphakamisa imibuzo ethile nokukhathazeka. Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe abusebenzi ngokuphelele - kuthatha ukuzama nephutha ukuze uthole imiphumela ephumelelayo. Njengamanje, ezinye izinhlelo ze-AEB zisezigabeni zokuqala zokukhiqiza. Abanye bathembisa ukumisa imoto ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokushayisana, kuyilapho abanye benza kusebenze kuphela lapho ingozi inciphisa umphumela uwonke. Abanye bangakwazi ukubona abahamba ngezinyawo kuyilapho abanye okwamanje bekwazi ukubona ezinye izimoto kuphela. Kube nesimo esifanayo lapho kwethulwa uhlelo olwengeziwe lokuvimbela, kanye namabhuleki avimbela ukukhiya nokulawula ukuzinza kwe-elekthronikhi. Kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi isistimu ibe yiziwula ngokuphelele.

Izikhalazo ezijwayelekile mayelana nezinhlelo ze-AEB zifaka phakathi i-phantom braking, izexwayiso zokushayisana okungamanga, kanye nokushayisana okwenzeka ngaphandle komsebenzi we-AEB. Gcina lokhu engqondweni lapho ushayela imoto efakwe i-AEB.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uhlelo ngeke lufane kuwo wonke umuntu, njengoba i-automaker ngayinye inonjiniyela bayo be-software abanemibono yabo yokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe yisistimu. Lokhu kungabonakala njengokuhlehlisa emuva njengoba kubangela umehluko omkhulu endleleni i-automatic braking isebenza ngayo. Lokhu kudala inselele entsha koomakhenikha ukuthi bahambisane nezinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene ze-AEB ezihluka kumkhiqizi oyedwa kuya komunye. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kungase kube lula kubathengisi, kodwa kungabi lula kangako ezitolo ezizimele ezizimele.

Nokho, ngisho nalokhu kushiyeka kungabhekwa ohlangothini oluhle. Uma izimoto eziningi zihlonyiswe ngohlelo lwe-AEB, ukusetshenziswa kohlelo kuzoba banzi, futhi nini futhi uma kwenzeka izingozi, abakhiqizi bazokwazi ukubuyekeza idatha futhi baqhubeke nokwenza ngcono. Lokhu kuyinto enkulu. Kukhona ikusasa elingase libe khona lapho zonke izimoto zizosebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuzonciphisa izingozi futhi ngethemba lokuthi kuzosula isiminyaminya ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.

Akukabi isistimu elungile okwamanje, kodwa ibangcono, futhi kuyajabulisa ukubona ukuthi lokho kusiyisa kuphi kubuchwepheshe bezimoto. Kuphephile ukucabanga ukuthi bobabili abanikazi bezimoto nomakhenikha bangavuma ukuthi izinzuzo ezilethwa uhlelo lwe-AEB ekuphepheni zinkulu kakhulu kunezimo ezimbi.