UVladimir Kramnik ungumpetha womhlaba wechess

I-Professional Chess Association (PCA) yinhlangano ye-chess eyasungulwa nguGarry Kasparov noNigel Short ngo-1993. Inhlangano yasungulwa ngenxa yokuthi uKasparov (owayengumpetha womhlaba ngaleso sikhathi) kanye noMfishane (onqobile) bengayamukeli imigomo yezezimali yomdlalo womqhudelwano womhlaba obekwe yi-FIDE (International Chess Federation). U-Nigel Short wabe esewina imiqhudelwano yokufaneleka ye-FIDE, futhi emidlalweni yabaqokiwe wahlula owayengumpetha womhlaba u-Anatoly Karpov noJan Timman. Ngemva kokuxoshwa ku-FIDE, u-Kasparov no-Short badlala umdlalo e-London ngo-1993, owagcina ngokunqoba kuka-12½ kuya ku-7½ kwe-Kasparov. Ukuvela kwe-SPS kanye nokuhlelwa komdlalo wokuncintisana wesihloko sompetha bomhlaba kwabangela ukuhlukana emhlabeni we-chess. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imidlalo ye-World Championship ihlelwe ngezindlela ezimbili: i-FIDE nezinhlangano ezisungulwe nguKasparov. UVladimir Kramnik waba ngumpetha womhlaba wenhlangano yeBraingmes (ukuqhubeka kwePCA) ngo-2000 ngemuva kokunqoba uKasparov. Ngo-2006, kwaba nomdlalo obumbene wesihloko sompetha bomhlaba, ngenxa yalokho uVladimir Kramnik waba ngumpetha osemthethweni we-chess womhlaba.

1. UVolodya Kramnik osemusha, umthombo: http://bit.ly/3pBt9Ci

UVladimir Borisovych Kramnyk (Russian: Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik) wazalwa ngoJuni 25, 1975 eTuapse, esifundeni saseKrasnodar, ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Uyise wafunda e-Academy of Arts futhi waba umqophi nomdwebi. Umama wakhe waphothula e-Conservatory e-Lvov futhi kamuva wasebenza njengothisha womculo. Kusukela esemncane, uVolodya wayebhekwa njengengane eyingane edolobheni lakubo (1). Lapho eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, wayebukele imidlalo eyayidlalwa umfowabo omdala noyise. Ebona isithakazelo esincane sikaVladimir, ubaba wabeka inkinga elula ebhodini le-chess, futhi ingane ngokungazelelwe, cishe ngokushesha, wayixazulula ngendlela efanele. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu, uVolodya waqala ukudlala i-chess kayise. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10 wayesevele engumdlali ongcono kakhulu kuyo yonke iTuapse. Lapho uVladimir eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala, wonke umndeni wathuthela eMoscow. Lapho wafunda esikoleni samakhono e-chess, eyadalwa futhi yaqhutshwa i-ex yamsiza isitimela UGarry Kasparov. Abazali bakhe nabo baba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni ithalente uVladimir, futhi uyise waze wayeka umsebenzi wakhe ukuze ahambisane nendodana yakhe Tournaments.

Ngeshumi nanhlanu umdlali we-chess onethalente wayekwazi ukudlala eyimpumputhe ngesikhathi esifanayo nabaphikisi abangamashumi amabili! Ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kuKasparov, uKramnik osemncane wafakwa eqenjini le-chess laseRussia kwathi eneminyaka engu-16 nje wamela iRussia kuChess Olympiad eManila. Akazange aphoxe amathemba akhe kanti emidlalweni eyisishiyagalolunye ayidlalile kuma-Olympics, unqobe eyisishiyagalombili wadlala ngokulingana kowodwa. Ngo-1995, wazuza ukunqoba kwakhe kokuqala kumaWorld Championships eDortmund, ngaphandle kokuhlulwa nokukodwa kulo mqhudelwano. Eminyakeni eyalandela, u-Kramnik waqhubeka nokulandelana kwakhe okuhle kakhulu futhi wawina imiqhudelwano eyi-9 eDortmund.

Umdlalo Wesihloko Somqhudelwano We-Chess Wesihloko Somdlalo We-Brainggames

Ngo-2000 eLondon UKramnik udlale umdlalo womqhudelwano womhlaba noKasparov by Brainggames (2). Emdlalweni owawushube kakhulu wemidlalo engu-16, uKramnik wehlule uthisha wakhe uKasparov, owayehlale ngokuqhubekayo esihlalweni sobukhosi se-chess iminyaka engu-16 edlule.

2. UVladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov, umdlalo womqhudelwano womhlaba wenhlangano ye-Brainggames, umthombo: https://bit.ly/3cozwoR

UVladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov

I-Braingmes London World Championship Match, Round 10, Okthoba 24.10.2000, XNUMX

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Sc3 Gb4 4.e3 O -O 5.Gd3 d5 6.Sf3 c5 7.OO c:d4 8.e:d4 d:c4 9.G:c4 b6 10.Gg5 Gb7 11.We1 Nbd7 12.Wc1 Wc8 13.Hb3 Ge7 14.G:f6 S:f6 15.G:e6 (Umdwebo 3) f:e6! (Kwadingeka ngidlale u-15... Rc7 16.Sg5 N: d4 17.S: f7 Bc5 18.Sd6 + Kh8 19.S: b7 H: f2 + futhi Omnyama unesinxephezelo se-pawn enikeziwe) 16.H: e6 + Kh8 17.H: e7 G: f3 18.g: f3 Q: d4 19.Sb5 H: b2? (bekungcono 19...Qd2 20.W:c8 W:c8 21.Sd6 Rb8 22.Sc4 Qd5 23.H: a7 Ra8 ngobuningi babamhlophe) 20.R: c8 R: c8 21.Nd6 Rb8 22.Nf7 + Kg8 23.Qe6 Rf8 24.Nd8 + Kh8 25.Qe7 1-0 (Ishadi 4).

3. UVladimir Kramnik – Garry Kasparov, isikhundla ngemva komnyakazo 15.G: e6

4. UVladimir Kramnik – uGarry Kasparov, uqeda isikhundla ngemuva kokunyakaza kwama-25 u-He7

UVladimir Kramnik akazange alahlekelwe nowodwa umdlalo kulo mdlalo, futhi ukweleta ukunqoba kwakhe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokusebenzisa okuhlukile kwe-“Berlin Wall”, okudalwe ngemva kokunyakaza: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 (umdwebo 5) 4.OO S:e4 5.d4 Sd6 6.G:c6 d:c6 7.d:e5 Sf5 8.H:d8 K:d8 (umdwebo 6).

5. Udonga lwaseBerlin olusuka ohlangothini lwaseSpain

6. Ukuhlukahluka kwe "Berlin Wall" ka-Vladimir Kramnik.

I-Berlin Wall ku-Spanish Party Kuqanjwe igama laso esikoleni se-chess sekhulu le-2000 eBerlin, esabeka lokhu kuhluka ekuhlaziyweni ngokucophelela. Yahlala emthunzini isikhathi eside, ingabukelwa phansi ngabadlali abahamba phambili be-chess amashumi eminyaka, kuze kube ngu-XNUMX, lapho uKramnik eyisebenzisa emdlalweni ngokumelene Kasparov. Kulokhu kuhluka, uMnyama akasakwazi ukuphonsa (yize uma engekho izindlovukazi lokhu akubalulekile kangako) futhi kunezicucu eziphindwe kabili. Uhlelo lukaBlack ukuvala yonke imizila eya ekamu lakhe futhi asizakale ngezithunywa. Le ndlela kwesinye isikhathi ikhethwa ngabamnyama uma i-draw kuwumphumela omuhle womqhudelwano.

UKramnik uyisebenzise izikhathi ezine kulo mdlalo. U-Kasparov nethimba lakhe abakwazanga ukuthola ikhambi odongeni lwaseBerlin, futhi umphikisi walulaza kalula. Igama elithi "Berlin Wall" libhekisela ekuthembekeni kokuqala kwalo; liphinde libe yigama lensimbi noma izinto zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukumba okujulile ("Udonga lwaseBerlin").

7. U-Vladimir Kramnik ku-Corus Chess Tournament, Wijk aan Zee, 2005, umthombo: http://bit.ly/36rzYPc

Ngo-Okthoba 2002 Bahrain Shopkeeper zibambene kumdlalo wemidlalo eyisishiyagalombili ngokumelene nekhompyutha ye-chess i-Deep Fritz 7 (isivinini esikhulu: izikhundla eziyizigidi ezingu-3,5 ngomzuzwana). Isikhwama somklomelo sasiyisigidi samadola. Kokubili ikhompuyutha nomuntu kuwine imidlalo emibili. UKramnik ubesezowunqoba lo mdlalo, engazi ehlulwe ngokulingana emdlalweni wesithupha. Le ndoda yayiphumelele kabili ezikhundleni ezenziwe lula, isibonelo, lapho amakhompiyutha ephansi kakhulu kumuntu, futhi wacishe wawina emdlalweni wesine. Uhlulwe umdlalo owodwa ngenxa yephutha elikhulu lamaqhinga, kanti omunye ngenxa yeqhinga eliyingozi endaweni enenzuzo enkulu.

Ngo-2004, uKramnik wavikela isicoco sakhe somhlaba. inhlangano yeBrainggames, edlale ngokulingana noPeter Leko waseHungary edolobheni laseSwitzerland iBrissago (ngokwemithetho yomdlalo, uKramnik ugcine isicoco ngokulingana). Phakathi naleso sikhathi, wabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni eminingi ye-chess nabadlali be-chess abahamba phambili emhlabeni, kuhlanganise naleyo ebanjwa minyaka yonke edolobheni laseDutch. Wijk aan Zee, ngokuvamile engxenyeni yesibili kaJanuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari noFebruwari (7). AmaPole amabili abambe iqhaza emqhudelwaneni odlalwa njengamanje we-Wimbledon e-Wijk aan Zee obizwa nge-Tata Steel Chess: kanye.

Fanisa isihloko esihlanganisiwe sompetha womhlaba wechess

Ngo-September 2006, e-Elista (inhloko-dolobha ye-Russian Republic of Kalmykia), phakathi kuka-Vladimir Kramnik futhi Bulgarian Veselin Topalov (ingqwele zomhlaba International Chess Federation) kwaba nomdlalo isihloko obumbene emhlabeni chess.

8. UVladimir Kramnik (kwesokunxele) noVeselin Topalov kumdlalo wokuqala womdlalo wesicoco sokuba ngumpetha womhlaba wechess ngo-2006, umthombo: Mergen Bembinov, Associated Press

Lo mdlalo ubuhambisana nodume kakhulu i-chess scandal (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ihlazo lendlu yangasese”) elihlobene nezinsolo zosizo lwekhompyutha olungagunyaziwe. I-Kramnik usolwa ngumphathi kaTopalov ngokuzixhasa ohlelweni lweFritz 9 endlini yangasese yakhe. Ngemuva kokuvalwa kwezindlu zangasese ezihlukene, u-Kramnik, njengesibonakaliso sokubhikisha, akazange aqale umdlalo olandelayo, wesihlanu (futhi wabe esehola u-3: 1) futhi walahlekelwa ukunqotshwa kobuchwepheshe. Ngemuva kokuvulwa kwezindlu zangasese, umdlalo waphela. Ngemuva kwemidlalo eyi-12 esemqoka amaphuzu abe ngu-6:6, uKramnik unqobe u-2,5:1,5 esikhathini esengeziwe. Ngemuva kwalo mdlalo, emiqhudelwaneni eminingi emikhulu ye-chess, abadlali baskenwa ngemitshina yensimbi ngaphambi kokungena ehholo lokudlala.

Ngemva kokuwina isicoco somhlaba, u-Kramnik udlale umdlalo wezinhlangothi eziyisithupha ngokumelene nohlelo lwekhompyutha i-Deep Fritz 10 e-Bonn., Novemba 25 – Disemba 5, 2006 (9).

9. Kramnik – Deep Fritz 10, Bonn 2006, umthombo: http://bit.ly/3j435Nz

10. Isiteji sokubuya se-Deep Fritz 10 - Kramnik, Bonn, 2006

Ikhompiyutha iwine ngamaphuzu angu-4:2 (iwinile kabili nemidlalo edonsayo emi-4). Bekuwukuhlangana kokugcina okukhulu komshini womuntu, okulinganiselwa ezigidini eziyisishiyagalombili zezikhundla ezihlaziywe ngomzuzwana, nokujula kwaphakathi nomdlalo okungafika kuma-laps angu-17-18. Ngaleso sikhathi, uFritz wayeyinjini yesi-3 - 4 emhlabeni. UKramnik uthole ama-euro angu-500 10 ekuqaleni, futhi angathola isigidi ngokuwina. Emdlalweni wokuqala uKramnik akazange alisebenzise ithuba lokuwina. Umdlalo wesibili waduma ngesizathu esisodwa: ekugcineni okulinganayo, u-Kramnik umlingani ekuhambeni okukodwa, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi iphutha laphakade (Fig. 34). Kulesi sikhundla, u-Kramnik udlale ngokungalindelekile u-3... He35 ??, wabe esethola i-checkmate 7.Qh3 ≠. Esithangamini sabezindaba esihlelwe ngemuva komdlalo, u-Kramnik akakwazanga ukuchaza ukuthi kungani enze leli phutha, wathi wazizwa kahle ngalolo suku, wadlala umdlalo ngendlela efanele, wabala ngokunembile ukuhluka kwe-HeXNUMX, wabe esehlola izikhathi eziningana, kodwa njengoba ethi wayenakho. kudluliselwe ukusitheka kwelanga okuyinqaba, ukucisha kukagesi.

Imidlalo emithathu elandelayo iphele zibambene. Emdlalweni wokugcina, wesithupha, lapho engazange alahlekelwe lutho futhi kwadingeka afinyelele ekupheleni, uKramnik wadlala ngendlela engafanele. Okuhlukile kuka-Naidorf ekuvikelweni kweSicilian - futhi walahlekelwa futhi. Kusukela kulo mcimbi, umhlaba wonke we-chess, ikakhulukazi abaxhasi, waqaphela ukuthi umdlalo olandelayo wombukiso uzodlalwa emgomweni owodwa, ngoba umuntu onokukhubazeka kwakhe akanalo ithuba ku-duel ngekhompyutha.

Disemba 31, 2006 umpetha womhlaba wechess uVladimir Kramnik washada nentatheli yaseFrance uMarie-Laure Germont, kwathi umshado wabo wesonto waba ngoFebhuwari 4 e-Alexander Nevsky Cathedral eParis (11). Lo mkhosi wawuhanjelwe umndeni nabangane abaseduze kakhulu, isibonelo, ummeleli waseFrance kusukela ngo-1982, iqhawe leshumi lezwe le-chess.

11. INkosi neNdlovukazi yayo: umshado wama-Orthodox e-Alexander Nevsky Cathedral eParis, umthombo: Izithombe ezivela emshadweni kaVladimir Kramnik | I-ChessBase

UVladimir Kramnik walahlekelwa isicoco somhlaba wonke ngo-2007 Vishwanatana Ananda emqhudelwaneni obuseMexico. Ngo-2008 e-Bonn uphinde wahlulwa ngumpetha womhlaba u-Viswanathan Anand owayephethe izintambo ngo-4½:6½.

UKramnik wamela iRussia izikhathi eziningi emiqhudelwaneni yeqembu, okuhlanganisa izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili kuma-Chess Olympiads (i-zloty ephindwe kathathu eqenjini kanye ne-zloty ephindwe kathathu emqhudelwaneni ngamunye). Ngo-2013, wathola indondo yegolide ku-World Team Championships eyayise-Antalya (Turkey).

UKramnik uhlele ukuyeka umsebenzi wakhe we-chess eneminyaka engu-40, kodwa kuvele ukuthi usadlala ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, ephethe isilinganiso esiphezulu somsebenzi wakhe eneminyaka engu-41. Okthoba 1, 2016 ngamaphuzu angu-2817. Njengamanje, usabalwa nabahamba phambili emhlabeni futhi izinga lakhe kusukela ngo-2763 Jan 1 yi-2021.

12. U-Vladimir Kramnik ekamu lokuqeqeshwa labafundi abancane abavelele baseNdiya edolobheni laseFrance iChêne-sur-Leman ngo-August 2019, isithombe: U-Amruta Mokal

Njengamanje, uVladimir Kramnik uchitha isikhathi esiningi ekufundiseni abadlali abasha be-chess (12). NgoJanuwari 7-18, 2020, owayengumpetha womhlaba wabamba iqhaza ekamu lokuqeqeshwa e-Chennai (Madras), India (13). Abadlali abangu-12 abasebancane be-chess abanekhono abavela e-India abaneminyaka engu-16-10 (kuhlanganise nabahamba phambili emhlabeni esigabeni sabo seminyaka engu-D. Gukesh no-R. Praggnanandaa) babambe iqhaza ekamu lokuqeqeshwa lezinsuku ezingu-XNUMX. Ubuye waba nguthisha wokuqeqesha abadlali abancane abahamba phambili emhlabeni. Boris Gelfand - Ugogo waseBelarusian omele u-Israyeli, iphini likampetha womhlaba ngo-2012.

13. U-Vladimir Kramnik no-Boris Gelfand baqeqesha abancane baseNdiya abanekhono e-Chennai, isithombe: u-Amruta Mokal, ChessBase India

AbakwaKramnik bahlala eGeneva, banezingane ezimbili, indodakazi uDaria (owazalwa ngo-2008) (iminyaka engu-14 ubudala) nendodana uVadim (owazalwa ngo-2013). Mhlawumbe izingane zabo zizolandela ezinyathelweni zikababa odumile esikhathini esizayo.

14. UVladimir Kramnik nendodakazi yakhe uDaria, umthombo: https://bit.ly/3akwBL9

Uhlu lompetha bomhlaba be-chess

Ompetha bomhlaba abaphelele

1. UWilhelm Steinitz, 1886–1894

2. U-Immanuel Lasker, 1894–1921

3. Jose Raul Capablanca, 1921–1927

4. U-Aleksandr Alechin, 1927-1935 kanye no-1937-1946

5. UMax Euwe, 1935–1937

6. UMikhail Botvinnik, 1948-1957, 1958-1960 no-1961-1963.

7. UVasily Smyslov, 1957-1958

8. UMikhail Tal, 1960-1961

9. Tigran Petrosyan, 1963-1969

10. Boris Spassky, 1969-1972

11. Bobby Fischer, 1972–1975

12. Anatoly Karpov, 1975-1985

13. UGarry Kasparov, 1985-1993

Ompetha bomhlaba be-PCA/Brainggames (1993-2006)

1. UGarry Kasparov, 1993-2000

2. UVladimir Kramnik, 2000-2006

I-FIDE World Champions (1993-2006)

1. Anatoly Karpov, 1993-1999

2. Alexander Chalifman, 1999-2000

3. Viswanathan Anand, 2000–2002

4. Ruslan Ponomarev, 2002-2004

5. Rustam Kasymdzhanov, 2004-2005.

I-Veselin Topalov, 6-2005

Ompetha bomhlaba abangenambangi (ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa)

14. UVladimir Kramnik, 2006-2007

15. Viswanathan Anand, 2007–2013

16. Magnus Carlsen, kusukela ngo-2013