Izinhlobo, umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza komshini wokuqondisa

Ukushintsha isiqondiso semoto kwenziwa ngokuphendula amasondo esiteringi usebenzisa isiteringi. Nokho, phakathi kwakhe namasondo kukhona umshini oguqula umzamo wezandla zomshayeli nendlela yakhe ukuze asebenzise amandla ngokuqondile ezingalweni ezishwibayo. Ibizwa nge-steering mechanism.

Igiya lokuqondisa lenzani?

Kuhlelo olujwayelekile lokuqondisa, umshini wenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• iguqula ukujikeleza kwe-shaft yokufaka, lapho ikholomu yokuqondisa ixhunywe khona, ibe ukujikeleza kokuhumusha kwezintambo zokuqondisa ze-trapezium;
• iqondisa amandla umshayeli angawakha ngamandla adingekayo kuma-levers axhunywe kuma-knuckles okuqondisa we-undercarriage, esebenzisa ukudluliswa komshini okutholakala kumklamo ngesilinganiso esithile segiya;
• ezimweni eziningi, inikeza umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe nge-power steering;
• ivikela izandla zomshayeli ezingozini zomgwaqo.

Ngezinga elithile lokunemba, le divayisi ingabhekwa njengebhokisi legiya, njengoba livame ukubizwa kanjalo.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuqondisa

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamagiya aziwa kakhulu:

• i-worm-roller;
• i-rack ne-pinion;
• uhlobo lwesikulufu sebhola.

Ngamunye wabo unezinzuzo zawo kanye nezindawo zokusetshenziswa.

Indlela ye-worm-roller

Lolu hlobo belusetshenziswa kakhulu esikhathini esidlule kuzo zonke izimoto, kodwa manje selunomkhawulo wokusetshenziswa ngenxa yokungalungi okuningi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwegiya lezikelemu ukugijima i-roller enamazinyo embonini enesondo le-spiral worm ku-shaft yekholomu yokuqondisa. Ishafti yokufaka yesinciphisi yenziwa njengesiqephu esisodwa esine-worm knurling ye-radius eguquguqukayo, futhi ifakwe isixhumi esinembobo noma esiwuhlaka ukuze sixhunywe ne-shaft yekholomu. Umkhakha onamazinyo we-roller utholakala ku-bipod ophumayo shaft, ngosizo lapho i-gearbox ixhunywe ezindongeni zokuqondisa ze-trapezoid.

Sonke isakhiwo sibekwe endlini eqinile, ebizwa nangokuthi i-crankcase ngenxa yokuba khona kokugcotshwa kuyo. Lokhu kuvamise ukuba wuwoyela owuketshezi wohlobo lokudlulisela. I-shaft ephuma ku-crankcase ivalwe ngezindlala. I-crankcase iboshwe kuhlaka noma inqwaba yenjini yomzimba.

Ukuzungezisa kwe-shaft yokufaka ku-gearbox kuguqulwa kube ithiphu yebhola le-bipod elijikelezayo. Izinduku zixhunywe kuwo emasondweni kanye nezinsimbi ezengeziwe ze-trapezoid.

Lo mshini uyakwazi ukudlulisa amandla abalulekile futhi uhlangene impela ngamagiya amakhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunzima ukuhlela ukulawula nge-backlash encane kanye nokungqubuzana okuphansi kuwo. Ngakho-ke ububanzi - amaloli kanye nama-SUV, ikakhulukazi emklamo olandelanayo.

Izinsimbi zokuqondisa

Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu izimoto zabagibeli. I-rack ne-pinion inembe kakhulu, inikeza impendulo enhle futhi ingena kahle emotweni.

I-Rack mechanism iqukethe:

• ama-hulls ane-fastening ku-bulkhead yomzimba;
• i-rack enamazinyo elele kuma-journal bearings;
• shayela igiya elixhunywe ku-shaft yokufaka;
• i-thrust mechanism, ihlinzeka imvume encane phakathi kwegiya ne-rack.

Izixhumi zemishini eziphumayo ze-rack zixhunywe ezingxenyeni zebhola zezintambo zokuqondisa, ezisebenza ngokusebenzisa amathiphu ngqo ngezingalo zokushwibeka. Lo mklamo ulula futhi uminyene kunokuxhumana kwegiya lezikelemu. Lapha yilapho ukunemba kokulawula okuphezulu kuvela khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucaciswa kwegiya lokushayela kunembe kakhulu futhi kuzinzile kunokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-roller nesibungu. Futhi ukwanda kokubuyela esiteringini kunxeshezelwa ngama-amplifiers nama-dampers esimanje.

Isikulufa nge-ball nut

Ibhokisi le-gearbox elinjalo lifana nebhokisi le-worm, kodwa izinto ezibalulekile zethulwa kulo ngendlela yesigaba se-rack enomkhakha wegiya ohamba ngesikulufu sokufaka shaft ngokusebenzisa amabhola ensimbi ajikelezayo. Umkhakha wama-rack uxhunywe emazinyweni aku-bipod shaft.

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesitimela esifushane, empeleni okuyinati elinamabhola eduze kwentambo, ukungqubuzana kuncipha kakhulu ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu. Okungukuthi, lokhu kwakuyisici esinqumayo lapho usebenzisa umshini emalolini amakhulu nezinye izimoto ezifanayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunemba nokucaciswa okuncane kuyabonwa, ngenxa yokuthi lawa mabhokisi afanayo athole ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinkulu zabagibeli.

Ukususwa nokungqubuzana ezindleleni zokuqondisa

Wonke ama-gearbox adinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuya ngamazinga ahlukene. Ngenxa yokuguga kuyashintsha izikhala emajoyintini egiya, kuvele umdlalo wokudlala esiteringini lapho imoto ingalawuleki.

Amagiya wezikelemu alawulwa ngokuhambisa umkhakha wegiya ngendlela eqonde ku-shaft yokufaka. Ukugcina imvume kuwo wonke ama-engeli okuqondisa kunzima ukuqinisekisa, njengoba ukuguga kwenzeka ngamanani ahlukene endaweni esetshenziswa njalo yokuhamba uqondile futhi kuyaqabukela ngokushintshana ema-engeli ahlukahlukene. Lena inkinga evamile kuzo zonke izindlela, ama-rails nawo aguga ngokungalingani. Ngokuguga okunzima, izingxenye kufanele zishintshwe, ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho isondo lokuqondisa lijikeleza, igebe lizophenduka ukuphazamisa ukungqubuzana okwandisiwe, okungeyona ingozi encane.