Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokumiswa kwezimoto

Ukumiswa kwe-pneumatic kusetshenziswa ezimotweni zanamuhla zohlobo lwe-Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW nePorsche. I-pneumocylinder imelela ukufakwa okukhethekile okuvela ku-polyurethane. Isici singaphakathi kwentwasahlobo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zentwasahlobo ngenkathi ulungisa ukuqina. I-lever yokulawula kulo mhlangano iwukukhuphuka okwenziwa noma ukwehla kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwesiphethu somoya.

Ukumiswa kwemoto noma iloli kuyisixhumanisi esixhumanisa umzimba wemoto nomgwaqo. Futhi imele uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwesistimu yokumiswa. Kuye ngalokhu, izinhlobo zokumiswa kwezimoto nazo zihlukaniswa.

Imoto enokuthi ukhethe uhlobo olunjani lokumiswa

Lapho bekhetha ukumiswa, baqondiswa yimisebenzi yokuqinisekisa ukunethezeka kokushayela. Imisebenzi ye-node ihloselwe lokhu:

• ukunciphisa ukutsheka lapho ugoqa;
• ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okushelelayo;
• ukusekela ukucaca kwama-engeli lapho ufaka amasondo;
• ukudambisa okusebenzayo nokusheshayo kokudlidliza komzimba lapho imoto ishayela emigodini noma amabhampa.

Amasistimu wokulenga athambile futhi aqinile. Lesi sakamuva sinikeza ukuhamba phambili okukhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise isivinini esiphezulu. Ngomklamo othambile, lezi zibalo ziphansi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokumiswa okuqinile, uzozwa yonke imigwaqo noma imigodi. Yini ethinta ukugqokwa: izinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka ezinesibopho sokudlidliza okudambisayo zidinga ukushintshwa njalo ngemva kuka-60-000 km.

Ukumiswa okuthambile kunezinzuzo zako. Umthwalo osemgogodleni womshayeli ngenkathi eshayela uyancipha kakhulu, isakhiwo asigugi ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma ushayela imoto lapho isisindo sabagibeli nemithwalo sigxilwe khona ohlangothini, khona-ke umzimba uzogingqa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokujika. Okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokulawula.

Ububi bazo zombili izinhlelo buqedwa ngokulungisa ukuqondanisa. Kodwa ibhalansi ekahle ngokuvamile ayifinyelelwa ngokushesha.

Izinhlobo zokumiswa ezikhona

Ukuhlukaniswa kokumiswa kwezimoto izinhlobo ezithambile neziqinile - ukuhlukaniswa okungaphelele. Izakhiwo zingancika noma zizimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhiqizeni kwanamuhla, bakhetha ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokumisa amasondo angaphambili nangemuva.

Ukumiswa okuncikile

Isistimu yokumiswa ibizwa ngokuthi i-dependent uma womabili amasondo etholakala eksisi efanayo futhi exhunywe kusetshenziswa i-beam eqinile.

Ukumiswa okuncikile

Empeleni, isebenza kanje. Uma isondo elilodwa elihilelekile eqenjini ligijima ekungalinganini, khona-ke ukusunduza kudlulela kwesibili. Lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kokunethezeka phakathi nohambo futhi kunciphisa ukufana kokunamathela kwemithambeka yemoto endaweni yomgwaqo.

Kodwa lapho ushayela emigwaqweni ebushelelezi, ukumiswa okuncikile kunenzuzo yokunikeza ukudonsa okulinganayo nokungaguquguquki. Ekukhiqizeni izimoto zanamuhla, lo mklamo uvame ukusetshenziswa emasondweni angemuva.

Ukumiswa okuzimele

Ukumiswa okuzimele kuvame kakhulu. Ingqikithi yomshini ichaza igama. Amasondo ahamba ngaphandle komunye nomunye.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:

• Ukusebenza kokumiswa ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ze-axle akuncikile komunye nomunye.
• Inkomba yesisindo semoto iyancipha ngenxa yokungabikho kwemishayo ye-tie esindayo.
• Kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlukahluka komklamo.
• Ukuzinza kokuziphatha kwemoto kuyanda ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukuphatha kwayo.

Inhlanganisela yalezi zinzuzo inyusa kakhulu izinga lokunethezeka eliphelele phakathi nohambo.

Izinhlobo zokumiswa okuzimele

Imiklamo ehlukahlukene yezinhlelo ezizimele zokumiswa iholele ekwakhekeni kwezigaba ezinemininingwane. Izinhlobo zokumiswa kwezimoto zohlobo oluzimele zihlukaniswe zibe yi-lever kanye nokunye.

I-double wishbone front suspension

I-shock absorber ene-spring in the design ifakwe ngokuhlukana.

Ingalo engenhla ene-ball joint is screwed to the knuckle lokuqondisa. Njengoba amalunga ebhola efakwe emaphethelweni ama-levers, ukujikeleza kwesondo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa induku yokuqondisa.

Idizayini ayinayo into yokusekela, eqeda ukujikeleza kwezakhi lapho isondo liphenduka. Izici zedizayini zikuvumela ukuthi usabalalise ngokulinganayo imithwalo emile neguqukayo ku-elementi ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokhu, impilo yokusebenza kwengxenye iyanda.

I-double wishbone front suspension

I-double wishbone suspension ifakwe kuma-SUV noma ezimotweni ze-premium.

Ukumiswa komoya

Lolu uhlelo lapho umsebenzi wokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwemithwalo wenziwa ngama-pneumocylinders akhethekile ayenziwe ngezinto ze-rubberized. Inzuzo eyinhloko ubushelelezi bemoto. Imvamisa, ukumiswa komoya kufakwa ezimotweni ze-premium noma ezimotweni ezinzima.

ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic

Ukumiswa kweHydraulic wuhlelo lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-hydraulic struts noma ama-hydraulic lifts esikhundleni sezinqamuleli zokushaqeka.

Lapho injini iqala, ipompo ye-hydraulic inikeza uketshezi ebhokisini lokulawula. Ngenxa yalokho, ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ubude obunikeziwe bemoto ezingeni elifanayo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic kwasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izimoto ze-Citroen.

Izinhlobo zokumiswa kwezimoto

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezinhlelo eziningana. Okungcono kakhulu ukufaka isistimu encike emasondweni angemuva kanye nesakhiwo esinyakazayo ngaphambili.

Intwasahlobo

Lokhu ukumiswa kwemishini okunezici ezinwebekayo - iziphethu zamaqabunga. Inzuzo yalolu hlelo ibhekwa njengokumelana nokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nezindawo zomgwaqo ezimbi.

Asikho isidingo sokufaka izakhi ezengeziwe kanye namadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa kune-drawback eyodwa ebalulekile - lokhu ubuthakathaka bomklamo onjalo. Ngokuthuthwa kwezimpahla njalo noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-trailer, iziphethu ziyantenga. Khona-ke ngenkathi ushayela uzozwa i-creaking noma i-rettling.

Ngezinsimbi zomhlahlandlela

Uhlobo lokumiswa olufunwayo. Amaleveli asetha isiqondiso se-axle yokushayela ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Ukuze uhlelo lokumiswa lusebenze kahle, izixhumanisi ezingenhla zisethwe nge-engeli. Le nqubo ikhulisa ukuzinza kwemoto ngesikhathi sokuphenduka.

Ngepayipi lokusekela noma ibha yokudonsa

Kulolu hlelo, umthwalo uthathwa yingxenye yepayipi evikela i-universal joint. Ukuze isakhiwo sisebenze ngaphandle kokwehluleka, i-cardan edlula ku-gearbox igxilwe ngokuqinile phambi kwebhuloho lebhuloho. Umphumela wokusebenzisa lolu hlelo wukuhamba kahle nokunethezeka kokugibela.

De Dion

Lolu hlelo lungelezakhiwo ezimisiwe ezincikile. Amasondo axhunywe ugongolo, futhi i-main gear reducer igxilile emzimbeni. Ukwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwamasondo, afakwe nge-engeli encane.

Ukuhlushwa

Igama lesibili lalolu hlelo wuhlelo oluwumgogodla. Izinto ezisebenzayo - izinduku noma ama-torsion bar anezigaba ezihlukene. Ukwakhiwa kokugcina, insimbi yasentwasahlobo nayo isetshenziswa. Lo mklamo uthuthukisa izici zokubamba zamasondo ngendawo yomgwaqo.

Ngama-axles ajikayo

Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa uhlelo olunama-semi-axes anyakazayo luhlanganisa ukufakwa ekugcineni. Indima ye-elastic element yenziwa iziphethu noma ama-autosprings. Inzuzo yesistimu ukuzinza kwendawo yesondo ehlobene ne-axle shaft.

Ezingalweni ezilandelanayo

Lona omunye umklamo, lapho amasondo enamathiselwe ku-lever etholakala eduze kwe-axis longitudinal yemoto. Uhlelo lunelungelo lobunikazi ngabakwaPorsche. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, cishe ayikaze isetshenziswe njengesisekelo.

Intwasahlobo

Uhlelo lwakho kokubili ukumiswa okuzimele nokuncikile. Iziphethu zefomu elimnandi zithambisa inkambo yemoto. Ukuphepha kokushayela ngokuqondile kuncike kwikhwalithi yeziphethu ezifakiwe.

Dubonnet

Umklamo uqukethe iziphethu, ama-shock absorbers, kanye ne-cylindrical casing. Inzuzo eyinhloko yesistimu ukubhuleka okubushelelezi futhi okungenazinkinga.

Ezingalo ezilandelanayo kabili

Isici sokuklama ukuthi izinduku zifakwe ezinhlangothini zomshini. Lolu hlelo lulungele izimoto ezinenjini ye-aft.

Kuma-levers etshekile

Lokhu ukuguqulwa komklamo ochazwe ngenhla. Ushintsho luthinte indawo yezinduku. Zibekwe nge-engeli enqunywe kusengaphambili ngokuhlobene ne-eksisi, zisiza ukunciphisa inani le-roll lapho ujika.

Ukumiswa kwe-Wishbone

Isifiso sesibili

Iziphetho zezinti eziphambanayo ezifakwe emaceleni omshini zibekwe ngendlela enyakazayo ohlakeni. Lokhu kumiswa kungafakwa ngaphambili noma ngemuva.

Ezicini zenjoloba ezinwebekayo

Imithombo yekhoyili kulolu hlelo ithathelwa indawo ngamabhuloki enziwe ngerabha eqinile. Naphezu kokuzinza, ukumiswa kunokumelana nokugqoka okuphansi.

I-Hydropneumatic ne-pneumatic

Izakhi ezinwebekayo kulezi zakhiwo ziyi-pneumocylinders noma izakhi ze-hydropneumatic. Ehlangene ngendlela eyodwa yokulawula, ngesikhathi esisodwa agcina usayizi welume.

Izixhumanisi eziningi

I-multi-link system isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva. Ukuhlanganisa kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinti ezivundlile kabili. Le ndlela yokubopha ishintsha ngempumelelo i-geometry ngenkathi imoto ihamba.

Ikhandlela

I-autospring isebenza njenge-elementi enwebekayo kulolu hlelo. Ifakwe kuyo yonke i-eksisi. Lokhu kuqiniswa komhlahlandlela kuvumela iqupha lokuqondisa elinentwasahlobo ukuthi lihambe libheke phezulu, okufaka isandla ekwenzeni amakhona abushelelezi. Uhlelo luthembekile futhi luhlangene ngosayizi. Uma isondo lihlangabezana nesithiyo, liyakhuphuka. Uhlelo lomhlangano luyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke lusetshenziswa njalo.

Ukumiswa kwe-pneumatic

Ukumiswa kwe-pneumatic kusetshenziswa ezimotweni zanamuhla zohlobo lwe-Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW nePorsche. I-pneumocylinder imelela ukufakwa okukhethekile okuvela ku-polyurethane. Isici singaphakathi kwentwasahlobo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zentwasahlobo ngenkathi ulungisa ukuqina. I-lever yokulawula kulo mhlangano iwukukhuphuka okwenziwa noma ukwehla kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwesiphethu somoya.

Ukumiswa kwama-pickup nama-SUV

Imvamisa ama-jeep asebenzisa uhla lonke lwezinhlelo zokumiswa.

Ukumiswa kwama-pickup nama-SUV

Izinketho ezilandelayo zidumile:

• amasistimu azimele angemuva nangaphambili;
• ukumiswa okuncike kakhulu;
• ukumiswa okuzimele ngaphambili nangemuva.

Ngokuvamile, i-axle yangemuva ye-jeep ifakwe ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo noma kwentwasahlobo. Lena imiklamo ethembekile futhi engenasizotha engakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ehlukene. I-axle yangaphambili ihlanganiswe ne-torsion noma iziphethu ezincikile. Ukuhlomisa ama-pickup nama-SUV ngamabhuloho ancike aqinile kuphela namuhla kuyivelakancane.

Ukumiswa kwamaloli

Kumaloli, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokumiswa ezincikile, kanye nama-hydraulic shock absorbers ohlobo lomhlangano. Lezi yizinketho ezilula zamanodi.

Lapho uhlanganisa isakhiwo esimisiwe samaloli, indima eyinhloko yomlawuli inikezwa emithonjeni ehlanganisa i-axle namasondo, futhi isebenza njengesici esiyinhloko somhlahlandlela.

Funda futhi: I-steering rack damper - inhloso kanye nemithetho yokufaka

Ukumiswa ezimotweni zezemidlalo

Kukholakala ukuthi ukumiswa okuqinile kwenza ukuhamba kwemoto kuphephe futhi kulawuleke. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto zezemidlalo zifakwe uhlelo olunjalo lokumiswa kuphela.

Ezimotweni zezemidlalo, kubalulekile ukubamba amasondo ngendawo yomgwaqo, ukungabi khona kwe-roll ngesivinini noma i-corning. Ama-Torsion bars kanye nemiklamo yohlobo lwe-MacPherson ivumela umshayeli ukuthi aqhube kahle ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zokumiswa kwezimoto zihlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile zibe izinhlobo ezi-2: umhlangano oncike noma ozimele. Iqembu ngalinye linezigaba zalo ngokuya ngohlobo lwezakhi, ukusebenza noma izici zokuklama.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokumiswa kweMacPherson ne-multi-link, nokuthi hlobo luni lokumiswa kwezimoto olukhona