I-Crankcase ventilation - kungani idingeka?

Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi emkhathini kusuka ku-crankcase yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile lokuphefumula kwe-crankcase.

Izici ze-injini crankcase ventilation system

Amagesi akhipha umoya angangena ku-crankcase esuka emagumbini omlilo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini yemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwamanzi, uphethiloli kanye nemfucumfucu kawoyela kuvame ukuphawulwa ku-crankcase. Zonke lezi zinto zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amagesi e-crankcase.

Ukunqwabelana kwazo ngokweqile kugcwele ukucekelwa phansi kwalezo zingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi eyenziwe ngensimbi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokubunjwa nokusebenza kwamafutha enjini.

Isistimu yokungenisa umoya esiyithandayo ihloselwe ukuvimbela izenzakalo ezimbi ezichazwe. Ezimotweni zesimanje, kuyaphoqa. Isimiso somsebenzi wawo silula. Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-vacuum eyakhiwe ku-multifolded intake. Lapho kuvela i-vacuum eshiwo, lezi zenzakalo ezilandelayo zibhekwa ohlelweni:

• ukususwa kwamagesi ku-crankcase;
• ukuhlanzwa emafutheni alawa magesi;
• ukunyakaza ngokusebenzisa imibhobho yomoya yokuxhuma okuye kwahlanzwa kumqoqi;
• ukusha kwamagesi okulandela lapho kuhlanganiswe nomoya.

Ungaqaqa futhi uhlanze kanjani ukuphefumula, umoya we-crankcase ..

Idizayini yesistimu yokungenisa umoya ye-crankcase

Kuma-motor ahlukene, akhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahlukene, uhlelo oluchazwe lubonakala ngomklamo walo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzo zonke lezi zinhlelo, kunoma yikuphi, kunezingxenye eziningana ezivamile. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• i-valve ye-ventilation;
• isihlukanisi samafutha;
• amapayipi omoya.

I-valve iyadingeka ukuze ulungise ukucindezelwa kwamagesi angena ku-multifold intake. Uma i-vacuum yabo ibalulekile, i-valve ishintshela kumodi evaliwe, uma ingabalulekile - ukuvula.

Isihlukanisi samafutha, isimiso esinakho, sinciphisa isenzakalo sokwakheka kwe-soot ekamelweni elivuthayo ngenxa yokuthi alivumeli ukuba umphunga wamafutha ungene kuwo. Amafutha angahlukaniswa namagesi ngezindlela ezimbili:

• i-cyclic;
• i-labyrinthine.

Esimweni sokuqala, bakhuluma ngesihlukanisi samafutha ohlobo lwe-centrifugal. Uhlelo olunjalo luthatha ukuthi amagesi ajikelezayo kuwo, futhi lokhu kuholela ekutheni amafutha ahlale ezindongeni zedivayisi, bese edonsa ku-crankcase. Kodwa umshini we-labyrinth usebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Kuyo, amagesi e-crankcase anciphisa ukunyakaza kwawo, ngenxa yokuthi uwoyela ufakwa.

Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zanamuhla ngokuvamile zifakwe amasistimu okuhlukanisa uwoyela ahlanganisiwe. Kuzo, idivayisi ye-labyrinth ifakwe ngemva kwe-cyclic. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwesiphithiphithi segesi. Uhlelo olunjalo okwamanje, ngaphandle kokweqisa, lufanelekile.

Ukufakwa kwe-Crankcase ventilation

Ku-Solex carburetors, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona njalo ukufakwa komoya (ngaphandle kwayo, uhlelo lokungenisa umoya alusebenzi). Ukufakwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwe-crankcase ventilation yenjini, futhi yingakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhishwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwamagesi akwenzeki ngenxa yokuthi i-vacuum esihlungini somoya incane. Futhi-ke, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, igatsha elengeziwe lingeniswa kulo (ngokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi igatsha elincane).

Ivele ixhume indawo ye-throttle nge-fitting, lapho amagesi e-crankcase ekhishwa enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Igatsha elinjalo elengeziwe linobubanzi obuncane kakhulu - akukho ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ambalwa. Ukufakwa ngokwayo kutholakala endaweni ephansi ye-carburetor, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwepompo yokusheshisa endaweni ye-throttle. I-hose ekhethekile idonselwa ekufakweni, okwenza umsebenzi wokukhipha umoya.

I-Crankcase ventilation Sens. Ukucwengwa

Umbono wesazi

URuslan Konstantinov

Uchwepheshe wezimoto. Uthole iziqu e-IzhGTU eqanjwe ngo-M.T. Kalashnikov oneziqu ze-Operation of Transport and Technological Machines and Complexes. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 yesipiliyoni sokukhanda izimoto.

Ezinjinini zesimanje, umoya we-crankcase uwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwephulwa kwe-ventilation kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-motor, kanye nokuncipha kwensiza yayo. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zalolu hlelo zibonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukwehla kwamandla;

• ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;

• ukungcoliswa okusheshayo nokubi kwe-valve ye-throttle kanye nesilawuli sesivinini esingenzi lutho;

• amafutha kusihlungi somoya.

Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izinkinga, isibonelo, ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokuthungela. Ngakho-ke, lapho uxilonga, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole uhlelo lokungenisa umoya we-crankcase. Njengoba isikhungo sikagesi siguga, kuya ngokuya kuyanda umule, umule nokunye ukungcola kungena ku-crankcase. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zifakwa ezindongeni zamashaneli namapayipi.

Isistimu yokungenisa umoya ye-crankcase engalungile ingabangela izinkinga eziningi ebusika. Amagesi enkwali ahlala equkethe izinhlayiya zamanzi, engena ohlelweni lokungenisa umoya, angajiya abe umusi futhi anqwabelane noma kuphi. Lapho injini iphola, amanzi ayaba yiqhwa ngokwemvelo futhi aphenduke iqhwa, avimbe imigudu. Ezimweni ezithuthukisiwe, imigudu namapayipi kuvaleka kakhulu kangangokuthi ukucindezela ku-crankcase kuyakhuphuka futhi kukhiphe i-dipstick, kuyilapho yonke indawo yenjini ifafazwa ngamafutha. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenjini enanoma yiliphi ibanga, ngaphandle kwezinjini ezinokufudumeza kwe-crankcase okwengeziwe.