I-Hungarian medium tank 41M Turán II Ngo-June 1941, i-General Staff yaseHungary yaphakamisa indaba yokwenziwa kwesimanje ithangi laseTuran I. Okokuqala, kwanqunywa ukuqinisa izikhali zayo ngokufaka inganono engu-75-mm 41.M enobude obungama-calibers angu-25 esitshalweni se-MAVAG. Kwakuyinkundla eguquliwe isibhamu esingu-76,5-mm esivela ku-Beler. Wayenesango le-wedge elivundlile elizenzakalelayo. I-turret kwakudingeka ihlelwe kabusha isibhamu esisha, ikakhulukazi, ngokukhulisa ukuphakama kwayo ngo-45 mm. Isibhamu somshini esenziwe ngesimanje esingu-34./40.A.M. safakwa ethangini. Umzimba (konke futhi kuhlanganiswe nama-rivets nama-bolt) kanye ne-chassis ahlalanga angashintshiwe, ngaphandle kwesihlangu esishintshwe kancane ngaphezu kwendawo yokubuka yomshayeli. Ngenxa yokwanda okuthile kwesisindo somshini, ijubane lawo lehlile. Ithangi eliphakathi “Turan II” I-prototype ye "Turan" yesimanje yayilungile ngoJanuwari futhi ihlolwe ngoFebhuwari noMeyi 1942. NgoMeyi, kwakhishwa umyalo wethangi elisha ezimbonini ezintathu: "Manfred Weiss" "Single", "Magyar wagon". Amathangi okuqala amane okukhiqiza ashiye imboni e-Csepel ngo-1943, futhi esewonke, ama-Turan II angu-1944 akhiwa ngoJuni 139 (ngo-1944 - amayunithi angu-40). Ukukhishwa okuphezulu - amathangi angama-22 alotshwa ngoJuni 1943. Ukwakhiwa kwethangi lomyalo kwakunqunyelwe ekwenzeni i-prototype yensimbi. Ithangi laseHungary "Turan II" Chofoza isithombe ukuze uthole ukubuka okukhudlwana Yebo, inganono engama-25-caliber yayingafaneleki ukulwa namathangi, futhi iGeneral Staff yayala i-ICT ukuthi ilungise udaba lokuhlomisa iTuran ngenganono ende engu-75-mm 43.M enebhuleki le-muzzle. Kwahlelwa futhi ukwandisa ubukhulu bezikhali zibe ngu-80-95 mm engxenyeni engaphambili yesikebhe. Isisindo esilinganiselwe sasizokhula sibe amathani angama-23. Ngo-August 1943, iTuran I yavivinywa ngesibhamu esiyidumi kanye nezikhali ezingama-25 mm. Ukwakhiwa kwenganono kwabambezeleka futhi Prototype "Turan" III ihlolwe ngaphandle kwayo entwasahlobo ka-1944. Akuzange kuqhubeke. Amathangi aseHungary 20/82 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 20/82 Yenza 36.M Ama-engeli wokuqondisa aqondile, amadigri   Isisindo sephrojekthi yokubhoboza izikhali, kg   Isisindo seprojectile esiqhume kakhulu   Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali, m / s 735 ukuqhuma okuphezulu kwe-projectile m / s   Izinga lomlilo, ama-rds / min   Ugqinsi lwezikhali ezingenayo ngo-mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° kuya kokujwayelekile ukusuka kude I-300 m 14 I-600 m 10 I-1000 m 7,5 I-1500 m - 40/51 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/51 Yenza 41.M Ama-engeli wokuqondisa aqondile, amadigri + 25 °, -10 ° Isisindo sephrojekthi yokubhoboza izikhali, kg   Isisindo seprojectile esiqhume kakhulu   Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali, m / s 800 ukuqhuma okuphezulu kwe-projectile m / s   Izinga lomlilo, ama-rds / min 12 Ugqinsi lwezikhali ezingenayo ngo-mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° kuya kokujwayelekile ukusuka kude I-300 m 42 I-600 m 36 I-1000 m 30 I-1500 m   40/60 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/60 Yenza 36.M Ama-engeli wokuqondisa aqondile, amadigri + 85 °, -4 ° Isisindo sephrojekthi yokubhoboza izikhali, kg   Isisindo seprojectile esiqhume kakhulu 0,95 Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali, m / s 850 ukuqhuma okuphezulu kwe-projectile m / s   Izinga lomlilo, ama-rds / min 120 Ugqinsi lwezikhali ezingenayo ngo-mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° kuya kokujwayelekile ukusuka kude I-300 m 42 I-600 m 36 I-1000 m 26 I-1500 m 19 75/25 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 75/25 Yenza 41.M Ama-engeli wokuqondisa aqondile, amadigri + 30 °, -10 ° Isisindo sephrojekthi yokubhoboza izikhali, kg   Isisindo seprojectile esiqhume kakhulu   Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali, m / s 450 ukuqhuma okuphezulu kwe-projectile m / s 400 Izinga lomlilo, ama-rds / min 12 Ugqinsi lwezikhali ezingenayo ngo-mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° kuya kokujwayelekile ukusuka kude I-300 m   I-600 m   I-1000 m   I-1500 m   75/43 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 75/43 Yenza 43.M Ama-engeli wokuqondisa aqondile, amadigri + 20 °, -10 ° Isisindo sephrojekthi yokubhoboza izikhali, kg   Isisindo seprojectile esiqhume kakhulu   Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali, m / s 770 ukuqhuma okuphezulu kwe-projectile m / s 550 Izinga lomlilo, ama-rds / min 12 Ugqinsi lwezikhali ezingenayo ngo-mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° kuya kokujwayelekile ukusuka kude I-300 m 80 I-600 m 76 I-1000 m 66 I-1500 m 57 105/25 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 105/25 Yenza 41.M noma 40/43. M Ama-engeli wokuqondisa aqondile, amadigri + 25 °, -8 ° Isisindo sephrojekthi yokubhoboza izikhali, kg   Isisindo seprojectile esiqhume kakhulu   Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali, m / s   ukuqhuma okuphezulu kwe-projectile m / s 448 Izinga lomlilo, ama-rds / min   Ugqinsi lwezikhali ezingenayo ngo-mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° kuya kokujwayelekile ukusuka kude I-300 m   I-600 m   I-1000 m   I-1500 m   47/38,7 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 47/38,7 Yenza "Skoda" A-9 Ama-engeli wokuqondisa aqondile, amadigri + 25 °, -10 ° Isisindo sephrojekthi yokubhoboza izikhali, kg 1,65 Isisindo seprojectile esiqhume kakhulu   Isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali, m / s 780 ukuqhuma okuphezulu kwe-projectile m / s   Izinga lomlilo, ama-rds / min   Ugqinsi lwezikhali ezingenayo ngo-mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° kuya kokujwayelekile ukusuka kude I-300 m   I-600 m   I-1000 m   I-1500 m   Ukulungiswa amathangi "Turan": 40M Turán I - okuhlukile okuyisisekelo ngenganono engu-40mm, amathangi angu-285 akhiqiziwe, okuhlanganisa okuhlukile komkhuzi. 40M Turán I PK - inguqulo yomkhuzi enomthwalo owehlisiwe wezinhlamvu kanye nesiteshi somsakazo se-R / 4T esengeziwe. 41M Turán II - okuhlukile okunesibhamu esifushane esingu-75 mm 41.M, amayunithi angu-139 akhiqiziwe. 41M Turán II PK - inguqulo yomkhuzi, engenawo inganono nesibhamu somshini, ifakwe iziteshi zomsakazo ezintathu: R / 4T, R / 5a kanye neFuG 16, syisifanekiso esisodwa kuphela esiqediwe. 43M Turán III - inguqulo enesibhamu eside esingu-75 mm 43.M esinemigqomo kanye nezikhali ezikhuphukile, i-prototype kuphela eqediwe. Izici zokusebenza Amathangi aseHungary I-Toldi-1   "Thuli" I Unyaka wokwakha 1940 Isisindo sokulwa, t 8,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 13 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 36.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 20/82 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu   Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 50 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,62 I-Toldi-2   "Thuli" II Unyaka wokwakha 1941 Isisindo sokulwa, t 9,3 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 23-33 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6-10 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 42.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/45 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 54 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,68 I-Turan-1   "Turan" ngi Unyaka wokwakha 1942 Isisindo sokulwa, t 18,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2390 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 (60) Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 50 (60) Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/51 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 101 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 165 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,61 I-Turan-2   "Turan" II Unyaka wokwakha 1943 Isisindo sokulwa, t 19,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2430 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo)   Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 75/25 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 56 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges 1800 Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 43 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 150 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,69 T-21   T-21 Unyaka wokwakha 1940 Isisindo sokulwa, t 16,7 Abasebenzi, abantu 4 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm 5500 Ububanzi mm 2350 Ukuphakama, mm 2390 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 30 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo)   Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull   Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu A-9 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 47 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu   Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-7,92 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo Ikhabhoni. I-Skoda V-8 Amandla enjini, hp 240 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 50 Amandla kaphethiloli, l   Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km   Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,58 amathangi Hungarian empini "I-Turans" yaqala ukungena enkonzweni nge-TD 1st neye-2 kanye ne-1st Cavalry Division (KD). Izigaba zaqedwa ngokusho kwezifundazwe ezintsha ezethulwa ngo-Okthoba 1942. Ngo-Okthoba 30, 1943, ibutho laseHungary lalinamathangi angama-242 eTuran. I-3rd tank regiment (TP) ye-TD yesi-2 yayiphelele kunazo zonke: yayihlanganisa amathangi angu-120 ezinqoleni ezintathu zamathangi ezimoto ezingu-39, kanye namathangi angu-3 womyalo webutho. Ku-1st TP ye-TD yokuqala kwakukhona amathangi angama-1 kuphela: izimpi ezintathu ze-61, 21 ne-20 kanye ne-18 yabaphathi. I-2st KD yayinebutho elilodwa lethangi (amathangi angama-1). Ngaphezu kwalokho, 56 "Turan" kwaba inkampani 2st izibhamu self-propelled futhi 1 zasetshenziswa njengoba ukuqeqeshwa. "Turan" II waqala ukungena amasosha ngo-May 1943, futhi ekupheleni kuka-August kwakukhona 49. Kancane kancane, inani labo lakhula futhi ngo-March 1944, ekuqaleni impi esebenzayo eGalicia, i-TP 3 yayihlanganisa izimoto 55 (3 izimpi. ye-18, 18 kanye ne-19), i-1st TP - 17, ibutho lethangi le-1st KD - izimoto ezingu-11. Amathangi angu-24 abeyingxenye yamabutho ayisishiyagalombili ezibhamu. Sekukonke lokhu kwaba amaTuran angu-107” II. Ithangi elinolwazi 43M "Turan III"     Chofoza isithombe ukuze ukhulise Ngo-Ephreli, i-TD yesi-2 yaya phambili ngamathangi angu-120 eTuran I nama-55 Turan II. Ngo-Ephreli 17, lolu phiko lwahlasela amayunithi athuthukile e-Red Army asuka eSolotvino aya eKolomyia. Indawo enamahlathi nezintaba yayingakufanele ukwenziwa ngamathangi. Ngomhla zingama-26 kuMbasa, ukuhlasela kwesigaba kwamiswa, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwaba amathangi angama-30. Lokhu, eqinisweni, kwakuyimpi yokuqala yamathangi aseTuran. NgoSepthemba, leli qembu labamba iqhaza empini yethangi eduze kwaseTorda, lalahlekelwa kakhulu futhi lahoxiswa ngemuva ngoSepthemba 23. I-KD yokuqala, namathangi ayo angu-1 eTuran neToldi, 84 Chabo BA kanye nama-23 eNimrod ZSU, alwa eMpumalanga Poland ngoJuni 4. Ehlehla e-Kletsk edlula e-Brest eya e-Warsaw, walahlekelwa yiwo wonke amathangi akhe futhi wahoxiswa eHungary ngoSepthemba. I-TD yokuqala ne-1944 yayo "Turan" I kanye ne-1 "Turan" II kusukela ngo-September 61 yahlanganyela ezimpini eTransylvania. Ngo-Okthoba, impi yayisivele iqhubeka eHungary eduze kwaseDebrecen naseNyiregyhaza. Zontathu lezi zigaba ezibaluliwe zahlanganyela kuzo, ngosizo lwazo, ngo-Okthoba 63, kwakungenzeka ukunqanda okwesikhashana ukuhlasela kwamasosha aseSoviet ekuphendukeni komfula. Yebo. I-echelon enamathangi "Turan I" kanye ne "Turan II", eyahlaselwa yizindiza zaseSoviet futhi yathathwa amayunithi we-2nd Ukraine Front. 1944 Chofoza esithombeni ukuze ukhulise   Ngo-Okthoba 30, izimpi zaseBudapest zaqala, ezathatha izinyanga ezi-4. I-TD yesi-2 yayizungezwe idolobha ngokwalo, kuyilapho i-TD yokuqala ne-CD yoku-1 yayilwela enyakatho yayo. Ezimpini zango-April ka-1, amabutho ahlomile aseHungary acishe asaba khona. Izinsalela zabo zaya e-Austria naseCzech Republic, lapho zabeka khona izikhali ngoMeyi. "I-Turan" kusukela ngesikhathi sokudala kwavela ukuthi ayisebenzi. Ngokuya ngezici zokulwa, kwakungaphansi kwamathangi eMpi Yezwe Yesibili - isiNgisi, iMelika, ngisho nangaphezulu - iSoviet. Izikhali zakhe zazibuthakathaka kakhulu, izikhali zazingekho kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakunzima ukwenza. Imithombo: M. B. Baryatinsky. Amathangi aseHonvedsheg. (Iqoqo Lezikhali No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Izimoto zezikhali zaseHungary (1940-1945); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks World 1915 - 2000"; George Forty. Amathangi eMpi Yezwe Yesibili; U-Attila Bonhardt-Gyula Sarhidai-Laszlo Winkler: Izikhali Zezwe Lasebukhosini LaseHungary.