I-Hungarian medium tank 40M Turán I Ilayisensi yethangi elikhanyayo itholwe kumfaniswano we-Swedish Landsverk. Yona leyo nkampani yacelwa ukuba yakhe ithangi eliphakathi nendawo. Inkampani yehlulekile ukuqedela umsebenzi futhi ngo-August 1940 abaseHungary bayeka konke ukuxhumana naye. Bazama ukuthola ilayisensi eJalimane, okwaya kuyo ithimba lezempi laseHungary ngo-April 1939. NgoDisemba, amaJalimane aze acelwa ukuthi athengise amathangi aphakathi kwe-T-IV angu-180 eMpi Yezwe Yesibili ngamamaki ayizigidi ezingu-27, noma kunjalo, benqatshelwe ukunikeza okungenani ithangi elilodwa njengesampula. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakhiqizwa amathangi ambalwa kakhulu e-Pz.Kpfw IV, futhi impi yayisivele iqhubeka futhi "i-blitzkrieg" eFrance yayiza ngaphambili. Izingxoxo ne-Italy ngokudayiswa kwethangi eliphakathi kwe-M13/40 zadonsa futhi, nakuba i-prototype yayilungele ukuthunyelwa ngo-August 1940, uhulumeni waseHungary wayeseyithengile ilayisense enkampanini yaseCzech iSkoda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaJalimane athumela ochwepheshe baseHungary ezimbonini zaseCzechoslovakia kakade. Ngo-February 1940, umkhuzi omkhulu we-Wehrmacht ground forces (OKH) wavuma ukudayiswa komuntu onolwazi. Ithangi laseCzech i-T-21 kanye namalayisense okukhiqizwa kwawo. Ithangi elimaphakathi i-T-21 "Turan I". Umlando wendalo. Emuva ngo-1938, amafemu amabili okwakha amathangi aseCzechoslovak, i-ČKD ePrague ne-Skoda e-Pilsen, yaqhamuka namaphrojekthi ethangi eliphakathi nendawo. Babenegama lenkampani elithi V-8-H kanye ne-S-III, ngokulandelana. Amasosha akhetha iphrojekthi ye-ChKD, enikeza ithangi lesikhathi esizayo igama lebutho elithi LT-39. Abaqambi besitshalo se-Skoda banquma ukunqoba umncintiswano futhi baqala ukusebenza ethangini elisha eliphakathi, i-S-IIc, kamuva elibizwa ngokuthi i-T-21. Kwakuwukuthuthuka kwethangi elikhanyayo lango-1935 i-S-IIa (noma i-LT-35). Amasosha aseHungary ajwayelana nalo mshini ngo-March 1939, lapho ethatha iCzechoslovakia kanye namaJalimane. Ngokuvumelana nobuholi baseJalimane, abaseHungary banikezwa ingxenye esempumalanga yezwe - iTranscarpathia. Lapho, amathangi amabili awonakele e-LT-35 athunjwa. AbaseHungary babebathanda ngempela. Futhi uSkoda, manje osebenzela amaJalimane, wathola isibonelo esicishe siqedwe sethangi eliphakathi le-T-35, elifana ne-LT-21 (okungenani ngokuya nge-chassis). Ochwepheshe be-Institute of Military Technology (IVT) bakhulume ngokuvumelana ne-T-21. Abaphathi be-Skoda bathembisa ukunikeza abantu baseHungary i-prototype ekuqaleni kuka-1940. I-Tank LT-35 UMnyango Wezokuvikela waseHungary ubucabanga ukuthenga amathangi angu-180 enkampanini. Kodwa uSkoda wabe esematasa egcwalisa imiyalo evela ku-Wehrmacht, futhi amaJalimane ayengenaso nhlobo isithakazelo ku-tank T-21. Ngo-April 1940, ithimba lezempi laya ePilsen ukuyokwamukela imodeli, eyathuthwa ngesitimela isuka ePilsen ngoJuni 3, 1940. NgoJuni 10, ithangi lafika eBudapest lapho lisetshenziswa yi-IVT. Onjiniyela bayo bakhethe ukuhlomisa ithangi ngenganono yaseHungary engu-40mm esikhundleni senganono engu-47mm Czech A11 obekufanele ibe nayo. I-cannon yaseHungary yashintshwa ukuze ifakwe ithangi lokuhlola V.4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-T-21 kwaqedwa ngoJulayi 10 phambi kukaNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela, uGeneral Barty. Kwatuswa ukwandisa ubukhulu bezikhali zibe ngu-35 mm, ukufaka izibhamu zomshini waseHungary, ukuhlomisa ithangi nge-cupola yomkhuzi futhi wenze ukuthuthukiswa okuncane okuncane. Ngokuvumelana nemibono yamaJalimane, amalungu amathathu ezisebenzi kwakufanele abekwe ku-turret yethangi: umlawuli wamathangi (ekhululwe ngokuphelele ekusebenziseni isibhamu ukuze enze imisebenzi yakhe eqondile: ukukhetha nokukhomba okuhlosiwe, ezokuxhumana ngomsakazo, umyalo), umdubuli, kanye isilayishi. I-turret yethangi yaseCzech yenzelwe abantu ababili. Ithangi bekufanele lithole injini ye-carburetor eyi-11cylinder Z-TURAN evela esitshalweni sikaManfred Weiss. NgoJulayi XNUMX, ithangi laboniswa abaqondisi nabamele izimboni ezazizolakha. Ithangi laseHungary “Turan I” Chofoza isithombe ukuze uthole ukubuka okukhudlwana Isivumelwano sokugcina selayisense sasayinwa ngo-Agasti 7. Novemba 28 ithangi eliphakathi 40.M. "Turan" yamukelwa. Kodwa ngisho nangaphambili, ngoSepthemba 19, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wakhipha umyalo ezimbonini ezine zamathangi angama-230 azosatshalaliswa phakathi kwamafektri: iManfred Weiss neMV 70 ngayinye, MAVAG - 40, Ganz - 50. Izici zokusebenza Amathangi aseHungary I-Toldi-1   "Thuli" I Unyaka wokwakha 1940 Isisindo sokulwa, t 8,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 13 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 36.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 20/82 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu   Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 50 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,62 I-Toldi-2   "Thuli" II Unyaka wokwakha 1941 Isisindo sokulwa, t 9,3 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 23-33 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6-10 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 42.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/45 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 54 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,68 I-Turan-1   "Turan" ngi Unyaka wokwakha 1942 Isisindo sokulwa, t 18,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2390 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 (60) Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 50 (60) Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/51 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 101 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 165 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,61 I-Turan-2   "Turan" II Unyaka wokwakha 1943 Isisindo sokulwa, t 19,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2430 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo)   Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 75/25 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 56 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges 1800 Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 43 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 150 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,69 T-21   T-21 Unyaka wokwakha 1940 Isisindo sokulwa, t 16,7 Abasebenzi, abantu 4 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm 5500 Ububanzi mm 2350 Ukuphakama, mm 2390 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 30 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo)   Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull   Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu A-9 I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 47 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu   Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-7,92 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo Ikhabhoni. I-Skoda V-8 Amandla enjini, hp 240 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 50 Amandla kaphethiloli, l   Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km   Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,58 Isakhiwo sethangi le-Turan I Chofoza isithombe ukuze ukhulise 1 - ukufakwa kwesibhamu somshini wangaphambili kanye nombono optical; 2 - imishini yokubuka; 3 - ithangi lamafutha; 4 - injini; 5 - gearbox; I-6 - indlela yokujikeleza; I-7 - i-lever ye-mechanical (backup) drive ye-rotation mechanism; 8 - i-gear shift lever; I-9 - isilinda somoya wesistimu yokulawula ithangi; I-10 - i-lever yokushayela indlela yokuguqula nge-pneumatic booster; I-11 - ukufakwa kwesibhamu somshini; I-12 - i-hatch yokuhlola umshayeli; 13 - i-accelerator pedal; I-14 - i-pedal ye-brake; 15 - main clutch pedal; I-16 - indlela yokujikeleza kwe-turret; 17 - isibhamu ebrasion. I-Turan ngokuyisisekelo igcine ukwakheka kwe-T-21. Izikhali, izinhlamvu kanye nokugcinwa kwayo, uhlelo lokupholisa injini (kanye nenjini ngokwayo) kwashintshwa, izikhali zaqiniswa, amathuluzi okubona kanye nemishini yokuxhumana yafakwa. Ikhaphola lomkhuzi lishintshiwe. Isibhamu se-Turan 41.M sakhiwe yi-MAVAG ngokususelwa kusibhamu sethangi esingu-37-mm 37.M, esihloselwe ithangi le-V.4, isibhamu saseHungary esilwa nethangi (okuyinto ebuye yaba ukuguqulwa kwe-RAK yaseJalimane engu-37-mm 35/36 anti-tank gun) kanye namalayisensi e-Skoda esibhamu sethangi esingu-40 mm A17. Ukuze inganono Turan, kwakungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinhlamvu 40-mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun. Izibhamu zomshini 34./40.A.M. I-“Gebauer” yase-Danuvia enomphongolo wokuphakelwa kwebhande elipholile umoya yafakwa ku-turret nasepuleti le-hull elingaphambili. Iziqu zazo zazivikelwe amagobolondo ezikhali eziwugqinsi. Amapuleti ezikhali ayexhunywe ngama-rivets noma ama-bolts. Chofoza isithombe sethangi leTuran ukuze ukhulise I-Tank "Turan" ngesikhathi sokuwela. 2nd Panzer Division. Poland, ngo-1944 "Turan I" evela ku-2nd Tank Division. I-Eastern Front, ngo-Ephreli 1944 Injini enamasilinda ayisishiyagalombili yeTuran yakhiqizwa imboni iManfred Weiss. Inikeze ithangi ngesivinini esihloniphekile nokuhamba kahle. I-chassis igcine izici "zokhokho" wethangi elikhanyayo le-S-IIa. Amarola ethrekhi ahlanganiswe kuma-bogies amane (amapheya amabili kuzilinganisi zawo) aneqabunga elivamile elivundlile njengengxenye yokunwebeka. Amasondo okushayela afakwe ngemuva. I-transmission manual yayinezivinini ezingu-6 (3×2) ukuya phambili nokuhlehla. I-gearbox kanye nendlela yokuzungeza iplanethi yesiteji esisodwa yayilawulwa kusetshenziswa ama-servos womoya. Lokhu kwehlisa imizamo yomshayeli kwanciphisa nokukhathala. Bekukhona nomshini ophindwe kabili (manual) drive. Amabhuleki abekuwo womabili amasondo okushayela kanye nawe-guide futhi ane-servos esekelwa idrayivu yemishini. Ithangi lalifakwe amathuluzi okubuka ayisithupha e-prismatic (periscope) ophahleni lwe-turret kanye ne-cupola yomkhuzi nasophahleni lwengxenye engaphambili ye-hull (yomshayeli kanye nomdubuli womshini). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli wayebuye abe nendawo yokubuka ene-triplex odongeni oluqondile olungaphambili, futhi umshayeli wesibhamu wayenombono obonakalayo ovikelwe i-armored casing. Umdubuli ubene-rangefinder encane. Wonke amathangi afakwe iziteshi zomsakazo zohlobo lwe-R/5a. Kusukela ngo-1944, i-Turans yathola izikrini ezingu-8-mm ngokumelene nama-projectiles ahlanganisiwe, afakwe ezinhlangothini ze-hull kanye ne-turret. Umkhuzi version 40.M. "Turan" I-R.K. ngezindleko zokwehliswa okuthile kwezinhlamvu, ithole esinye isiteshi somsakazo se-transceiver se-R/4T. I-antenna yayo yafakwa ngemuva kombhoshongo. Amathangi okuqala eTuran I asuka embonini yaseManfred Weiss ngo-April 1942. NgoMeyi 1944, kwakhiqizwa amathangi angama-285 eTuran I, okungukuthi: ngo-1942 - 158; ngo-1943 - 111; ngo-1944 - amathangi ayi-16. Ukukhiqizwa kwenyanga enkulu kunazo zonke kwabhalwa ngoJulayi noSeptemba 1942 - amathangi angama-24. Ngomshini, ukusatshalaliswa kwezimoto ezakhiwe kwakubukeka kanje: "Manfred Weiss" - 70, "Magyar wagon" - 82, "Gantz" - 74, MAVAG - amayunithi angama-59. Imithombo: M. B. Baryatinsky. Amathangi aseHonvedsheg. (Iqoqo Lezikhali No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Izimoto zezikhali zaseHungary (1940-1945); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks World 1915 - 2000"; George Forty. Amathangi eMpi Yezwe Yesibili; U-László Bonhardt Attila-Sárhidai Gyula-Winkler: Izikhali zeRoyal Hungarian Defence Forces.