Ithangi elikhanyayo laseHungary 38.M “Toldi” I Ngokwamalungiselelo eSivumelwano Sokuthula SaseTrianon sika-1919, iHungary, njengeJalimane, yayinqatshelwe ukuba nezimoto zezikhali. Kodwa entwasahlobo ka-1920, amathangi angu-12 e-LKII - Leichte Kampfwagen LK-II - athathwa ngasese eJalimane ayiswa eHungary. Amakhomishana okulawula awazange awathole.. Futhi ngo-1928, abantu baseHungary bathenga obala amathangi amabili esiNgisi "Carden-Loyd" Mk VI, ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 - amathangi okukhanya angama-Italian "Fiat-3000B" (igama lesiHungary 35.M), futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu - 3 tankettes yase-Italy CV121. / 3 (35. M), eshintsha izibhamu zemishini zase-Italy ngezingu-37-mm zesiHungary. Kusukela ngo-8 kuya ku-1938, umklami u-N. Straussler wasebenza ku-V1940 amphibious wheel tracked tank enesisindo sokulwa esingamathani angu-4, kodwa amathemba abekwe ethangini awazange afezeke. Ngo-1934, embonini yenkampani yaseSweden i-Landsverk AV, e-Landskron, ithangi elikhanyayo le-L60 (elinye igama elithi Strv m / ZZ) ladalwa futhi lafakwa ekukhiqizeni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo mshini kwenziwa umklami waseJalimane u-Otto Merker, owayesebenza eSweden ngaleso sikhathi - ngoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iJalimane yayinqatshelwe yimibandela yeSivumelwano saseVersailles sika-1919 ukuba ibe ngisho nokuklama amamodeli ezimoto ezihlomile. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngaphansi kobuholi be-Merker efanayo, abaklami be-Landsverk AV bakha amasampula amaningana amathangi okukhanya, kodwa awazange akhiqize. Okuphumelela kakhulu kubo kwaba ithangi L100 (1934), esetshenziswa kabanzi izingxenye zezimoto: injini, gearbox, njll. Imoto ibinezinto eziningi ezintsha: ukumiswa kwe-torsion bar ngayinye yamasondo omgwaqo; ukuhlelwa okuthambekele kwamapuleti e-armor aseceleni kanye nemibono ye-periscopic; amandla athize aphezulu kakhulu - 29 hp / t - enze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa isivinini - 60 km / h. Ithangi elikhanyayo laseSweden L-60 Kwakuyithangi elijwayelekile, elihle kakhulu lokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, abaseSweden banquma, besebenzisa izixazululo zokuklama ezifakazelwe, ukwakha ithangi elisindayo "elisendaweni yonke", yingakho i-L100 ingazange ingene ekukhiqizeni. Yakhiqizwa ngamakhophi angawodwa ngokuguqulwa okuthathu okuhluke kancane ngo-1934-35. Imishini eminingana yokuguqulwa kwakamuva ilethwe eNorway. Babenesisindo esingamathani angu-4,5, iqembu labantu abangu-2, babehlome ngenganono ezenzakalelayo engu-20 mm noma izibhamu eziwumshini ezimbili, futhi benezikhali ezingu-9 mm nhlangothi zonke. Le L100 yasebenza njengesibonelo se-L60 eshiwo, ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngezinguquko ezinhlanu (kuhlanganise ne-Strv m / 38, m / 39, m / 40), kwaze kwaba ngu-1942. Isakhiwo ithangi "Toldi" I: Chofoza isithombe ukuze ukhulise 1 - 20-mm isibhamu esizilayishayo esingu-36M; 2 - 8 mm isibhamu somshini 34 / 37M; 3 - ukubona kwe-periscopic; 4 - i-anti-aircraft gun gun mounting bracket; 5 - izimpumputhe; 6 - irediyetha; 7 - injini; 8 - fan; 9 - ipayipi yokukhipha; 10 - isihlalo sokudubula; 11 - i-cardan shaft; 12 - isihlalo somshayeli; 13 - ukudluliswa; 14 - isondo lokuqondisa; 15 - ukukhanya kwekhanda Ekuqaleni, isisindo L60 kwaba amathani 7,6, futhi ingalo yayihlanganisa 20 mm othomathikhi inganono kanye isibhamu umshini ku-turret. Ukuguqulwa okuphumelele kakhulu (futhi okukhulu ngenombolo) kwaba m/40 (L60D). Lamathangi ayenesisindo esingamathani angu-11, izisebenzi zabantu abangu-3, ​​izikhali - inganono engu-37 mm kanye nezibhamu ezimbili. 145 hp injini avunyelwe ukufinyelela isivinini kufika ku-45 km / h (amandla reserve 200 km). I-L60 ibiwumklamo ophawuleka ngempela. Amarola ayo abene-torsion bar yokumiswa (okokuqala ngqa esakhiweni se-serial tank). Izikhali zangaphambili ne-turret ezifika ku-24 mm ubukhulu ekuguqulweni kwakamuva zifakwe ngomthambeko. Igumbi lokulwa lalinomoya okahle. Sekukonke, ezimbalwa zazo zakhiqizwa futhi cishe kuphela ibutho labo (216 amayunithi). Izimoto ezimbili njengamasampula zathengiswa e-Ireland (i-Eire - lelo kwakuyigama lase-Ireland ngo-1937-1949), eyodwa - e-Austria. Amathangi e-L60 ayesebenza nebutho laseSweden kuze kube maphakathi nawo-50s; ngo-1943 zenza isimanje ngokwezikhali. I-Tank "Toldi" I Chofoza isithombe ukuze ukhulise Ngo-March 1938, inkampani Landsverk AV ya-oda ikhophi eyodwa ithangi L60B (aka m / 38 noma ithangi ochungechungeni lwesithathu). Ngokushesha yafika eHungary futhi yabhekana nezivivinyo eziqhathaniswayo (Juni 23-28) kanye ne-German WWII TI light tank. Ithangi laseSweden libonise ukulwa okungcono kakhulu nezici zobuchwepheshe. Wathathwa njengemodeli yethangi elenziwe eHungary, elibizwa nge-38. M "Toldi" ngokuhlonipha iqhawe elidumile u-Toldi Miklos, indoda ende futhi enamandla amakhulu. Ikhomishana eyenze lezi zivivinyo iphakamise izinguquko eziningi ekwakhiweni kwethangi. I-Institute of Military Technology (IWT) yathumela uchwepheshe wayo u-S. Bartholomeides e-Ladskrona ukuze athole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwenza lezi zinguquko. AbaseSweden bakuqinisekisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuguqulwa, ngaphandle kwezinguquko kumishini yokuqondisa ithangi kanye nebhuleki (isitophu) sombhoshongo. Ngemva kwalokho, kwaqala izingxoxo eHungary mayelana nesimiso sezikhali saseToldi. I-prototype yaseSweden yayihlome ngenganono ezenzakalelayo ye-20mm Madsen. Abaqambi baseHungary bahlongoze ukufaka izibhamu ezizenzakalelayo ezingama-25-mm "Bofors" noma "Gebauer" (okugcina - ukuthuthukiswa kwesiHungary) noma izibhamu ezingama-37-mm nezingu-40-mm. Okubili kokugcina kwakudinga ukuguqulwa okukhulu embhoshongweni. Banqaba ukuthenga ilayisensi yokukhiqiza izibhamu zaseMadsen ngenxa yokubiza kwazo. Ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu ezingu-20 mm kungase kuthathwe isitshalo saseDanuvia (Budapest), kodwa ngesikhathi sokulethwa eside kakhulu. Futhi ekugcineni yamukelwa isinqumo sokuhlomisa ithangi ngesibhamu esizilayishayo esingama-20mm Inkampani yaseSwitzerland "Solothurn", ekhiqizwa eHungary ngaphansi kwelayisense ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi 36.M. Ephakela isibhamu kumagazini oyindilinga emihlanu. Izinga elisebenzayo lomlilo laliyimizuliswano eyi-15-20 ngomzuzu. Izikhali zengezwe isibhamu somshini esingu-8-mm sohlobo lwe-34./37.M esinesiphakeli sebhande. Yayinelayisensi Czech machine gun. Izici ukusebenza amathangi Hungarian impi yezwe yesibili I-Toldi-1   "Thuli" I Unyaka wokwakha 1940 Isisindo sokulwa, t 8,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 13 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 36.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 20/82 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu   Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 50 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,62 I-Toldi-2   "Thuli" II Unyaka wokwakha 1941 Isisindo sokulwa, t 9,3 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 23-33 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6-10 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 42.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/45 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 54 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,68 I-Turan-1   "Turan" ngi Unyaka wokwakha 1942 Isisindo sokulwa, t 18,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2390 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 (60) Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 50 (60) Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/51 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 101 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 165 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,61 I-Turan-2   "Turan" II Unyaka wokwakha 1943 Isisindo sokulwa, t 19,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2430 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo)   Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 75/25 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 56 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges 1800 Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 43 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 150 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,69 Zrinyi-2   Zrinyi II Unyaka wokwakha 1943 Isisindo sokulwa, t 21,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 4 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm 5900 Ububanzi mm 2890 Ukuphakama, mm 1900 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 75 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull   Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 40 / 43.М I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 105/20,5 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 52 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini - Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 40 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 445 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,75 I-hull kanye ne-chassis yethangi cishe iyafana naleyo ye-prototype yaseSweden. Isondo lokushayela kuphela elishintshwe kancane. Injini ye-Toldi yanikezwa evela eJalimane, nokho, kanye nezinsimbi zokukhanya. Umbhoshongo wenze izinguquko ezincane, ikakhulukazi, ama-hatches ezinhlangothini nasezindaweni zokubuka, kanye nesigqoko sesibhamu nesibhamu somshini. Umkhuzi wayebekwe embhoshongweni kwesokudla futhi i-cupola yomkhuzi ene-hatch kanye nezindawo zokubuka eziyisikhombisa ezinama-triplexes wayehlonyiselwe yena. Umdubuli uhlezi kwesokunxele futhi unedivayisi yokubona i-periscope. Umshayeli wayebekwe kwesokunxele endaweni engaphambili yesikebhe futhi indawo yakhe yokusebenzela yayifakwe uhlobo lwesivalo esinezikhala ezimbili zokubuka, ithangi lalinogearbox onamagiya amahlanu weplanethi, i-dry friction main clutch kanye nama-clutch asemaceleni. Amathrekhi ayengama-285 mm ububanzi. Lapho ubuholi be-General Staff buphendukela embonini ye-Ganz ne-MAVAG, ukungezwani kwaphakama ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezindleko zethangi ngalinye. Ngisho nangemva kokuthola i-oda ngo-December 28, 1938, amafekthri alenqaba ngenxa yenani eliphansi elalikhokhiswa. Kwahlanganiswa umhlangano wamasosha nabaqondisi bezimboni. Ekugcineni, amaqembu afinyelela esivumelwaneni, futhi umyalelo wokugcina wamathangi angu-80, ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezitshalo, wakhishwa ngo-February 1939. Imboni yakwaGanz yasheshe yakhiqiza i-prototype yensimbi emnene ngokwemidwebo etholwe kwa-IWT. Amathangi okuqala amabili okukhiqiza ashiye lesi sitshalo ngo-Ephreli 13, 1940, kanti owokugcina amathangi angama-80 ngoMashi 14, 1941. Amathangi e-Hungarian 38M Toldi kanye namathangi e-CV-3/35 Imithombo: M. B. Baryatinsky. Amathangi aseHonvedsheg. (Iqoqo Lezikhali No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Izimoto zezikhali zaseHungary (1940-1945); Tibor Iván Berend, György Ránki: Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza eHungary, 1900-1944; U-Andrzej Zasieczny: Amathangi EMpi Yezwe II.