Amasosha asheshayo aseHungary e-"Barbarossa"
Ikholomu yamathangi okukhanya aseHungary 1938 M Toldi I emgwaqeni wase-Ukraine, ehlobo 1941
Kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-4, ubuholi baseHungary baphishekela inqubomgomo yokwandisa okuhloswe ngayo ukubuyisela amazwe alahlekile ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Izinkulungwane zabantu baseHungary bazibheka njengezisulu zesivumelwano sokuthula esingenabulungiswa esaqeda impi, esaphetha phakathi kweHungary ne-Entente eGrand Trianon Palace eVersailles ngoJuni 1920 XNUMX, XNUMX.
Ngenxa yesivumelwano esingathandeki, ebajezisa, ikakhulukazi, ngokukhipha impi yezwe, balahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-67,12. umhlaba kanye namaphesenti angama-58,24. izakhamuzi. Isibalo sabantu sehlile sisuka ku-20,9 million saya kubantu abangu-7,6 million, kwathi u-31% waso salahleka. abantu baseHungary - izigidi ezingu-3,3 kwezigidi ezingu-10,7. Ibutho lancishiswa laba ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-35. amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo namahhashi, ngaphandle kwamathangi, izikhali ezisindayo kanye nezindiza zokulwa. Ukubuthwa okuphoqelekile kwavinjelwa. Ngakho-ke iButho LaseRoyal Hungarian eliziqhenyayo (i-Magyar Királyi Honvédség, MKH, ngokuhlanganyela: i-Hungarian Honvédség, i-Polish Royal Hungarian honwedzi noma i-honvedzi) yaba "amandla okuhleleka kwangaphakathi". IHungary kwadingeka ikhokhe izinxephezelo ezinkulu zempi. Ngokuphathelene nale nhlekelele yesizwe kanye nokuwohloka okuhlazisayo kwamandla ezempi, imibuthano yesizwe neyokushisekela izwe yabeka phambili isiqubulo sokubuyiselwa kweHungary Enkulu eqinile, iZwe Lomqhele WaseSt. UStephen. Afuna ukubuyisela isikhundla sombuso wesifunda futhi abheka noma yiliphi ithuba lokubuyisela amazwe alahlekile kanye nabakubo ababecindezelwe.
Abaphathi be-Admiral-Regent Miklós Horthy babelane ngalezi zifiso zombuso wezempi. Izikhulu zabasebenzi zicabangele izimo zezimpi zendawo nomakhelwane. Amaphupho okunqoba agcwaliseka ngokushesha. Isisulu sokuqala sokwandiswa kwendawo yamaHungary ngo-1938 kwaba yiCzechoslovakia, abayichitha kanye namaJalimane namaPoles ngenxa ye-First Vienna Arbitration. Khona-ke, ngo-March 1939, bahlasela izwe elisha laseSlovakia elalisanda kuvela ngemva kokuthathwa kweCzechoslovakia, “ngendlela” lithumba izwe elincane lase-Ukraine elalisafufusa ngaleso sikhathi - iTranscarpathian Rus, eTranscarpathia. Ngakho lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iNyakatho Hungary (i-Hungarian Felvidék).
Ehlobo lika-1940, ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu kwezombangazwe, okwaqiniswa ukuhlushwa kwamabutho amathathu aqinile emingceleni, amaHungary anqoba izindawo ezinkulu - enyakatho yeTransylvania - eRomania ngaphandle kokulwa ngenxa yokuhlukana. Ngo-April 1941, bajoyina ukuhlasela kweJalimane eYugoslavia ngokubuyisela emuva izindawo zaseBačka (Bačka, ingxenye yeVojvodina, enyakatho yeSerbia). Izindawo ezinkulu zabuyela ezweni lakubo nabantu abayizigidi ezimbalwa - ngo-1941 kwakukhona izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingu-11,8 eHungary. Ukugcwaliseka kwephupho lokubuyiselwa kweHungary Enkulu kwase kuseduze.
Ngo-September 1939, iSoviet Union yaba umakhelwane omusha weHungary. Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wemibono kanye nokwehluka kwezombusazwe okunobutha, i-USSR yabonwa yi-elite yaseHungary njengesitha esingaba yisitha, isitha sayo yonke impucuko yaseYurophu nobuKristu. E-Hungary, izikhathi eziseduze ze-communist, i-revolutionary Hungarian Soviet Republic, eholwa nguBela Kuna, zakhunjulwa kahle futhi zakhunjulwa ngenzondo enkulu. KwabaseHungary, iSoviet Union "yayingokwemvelo", isitha esikhulu.
U-Adolf Hitler, ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa i-Operation Barbarossa, akazange acabange ukuthi abaseHungary, eholwa nguRegent Admiral Miklós Horthy, babezobamba iqhaza elikhulu empini noStalin. Abasebenzi baseJalimane bacabange ukuthi iHungary izovala ngokuqinile umngcele ne-USSR lapho ukuhlasela kwabo kuqala. Ngokusho kwabo, i-MX yayinenani elincane lokulwa, futhi izigaba ze-Honved zazinemvelo yamayunithi omugqa wesibili, afaneleka kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ngemuva kunesenzo esiqondile empini yesimanje neqondile yangaphambili. AmaJalimane, ukulinganisa okuphansi "amandla" ezempi aseHungary, awazange abatshele ngokusemthethweni mayelana nokuhlasela okuzayo kwe-USSR. IHungary yaba umngane wabo ngemva kokujoyina iSivumelwano Sabathathu ngoNovemba 20, 1940; ngokushesha bajoyina lolu hlelo lokulwa nama-imperialist, oluhloswe kakhulu eGreat Britain - iSlovakia neRomania.
