Ukuvukela Okukhulu - ukuphela kwezihlalo zabakhubazekile?

Umuntu ongakaze asebenzise isihlalo esinamasondo angase acabange ukuthi kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwaso ne-exoskeleton, noma ngisho nokuthi yisihlalo esinamasondo esinikeza ukuhamba, ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe nabakhubazekile ngokwabo bagcizelela ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abakhubazekile bangagcini nje ukuhambahamba, kodwa futhi bavuke esihlalweni sabakhubazekile futhi bathathe isikhundla esiqondile.

Juni 12, 2014, ngaphambi nje kuka-17:XNUMX ngesikhathi sendawo e-Arena Corinthians eSao Paulo, osemusha waseBrazil esikhundleni sokuthi inqola ekhubazekilelapho ejwayele ukuhamba khona, ungene enkundleni ngezinyawo waphasa okokuqala eNdebeni yoMhlaba. Wayegqoke i-exoskeleton elawulwa ingqondo (1). 

1. Ibhola lokuqala elikhahlele eNdebeni yoMhlaba eBrazil

Isakhiwo esethulwe siwumphumela weminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wethimba lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi eligxile kuphrojekthi ye-Go Again. Ngedwa indawo engaphandle Kwenziwe eFrance. Umsebenzi wawuqondiswa uGordon Cheng weTechnical University of Munich, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokufunda amaza obuchopho bathuthukiswa ikakhulukazi e-United States, endaweni efanayo eDuke University.

Lesi kwakuyisethulo esikhulu sokuqala sokulawulwa kwengqondo emishinini eyimishini. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ama-exoskeleton ethulwa ezingqungqutheleni noma athwetshulwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga, futhi okuqoshiwe kwakuvame ukutholakala ku-inthanethi.

indawo engaphandle yakhiwa uDkt. Miguel Nicolelis kanye nethimba lososayensi abangu-156. Igama layo elisemthethweni yi-BRA-Santos-Dumont, elisuselwa ku-Albert Santos-Dumont, iphayona laseBrazil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yempendulo, isiguli kufanele "sizwe" esikwenzayo ngamasistimu wezinzwa zikagesi ezitholakala emishinini.

Faka umlando ngezinyawo zakho

Indaba kaClaire Lomas (32) oneminyaka engu-2 ikhombisa lokho indawo engaphandle kungavulela umuntu okhubazekile indlela yokuphila okusha. Ngo-2012, intombazane yaseBrithani, ekhubazekile kusukela okhalweni kwehle, yaduma ngemva kokuqeda iLondon Marathon. Kwamthatha izinsuku eziyishumi nesikhombisa, kodwa wakwenza! I-feat yenziwe ngenxa ye-Israel skeleton ReWalk.

2. U-Claire Lomas ogqoke i-ReWalk exoskeleton

Impumelelo kaNksz Claire ibizwe ngeminye yemicimbi emikhulu yezobuchwepheshe yango-2012. Ngonyaka olandelayo, waqala umjaho omusha nobuthakathaka bakhe. Kulokhu, wanquma ukugibela amakhilomitha angu-400 noma angaphezu kuka-600 ngebhayisikili eliqhutshwa ngesandla.

Endleleni, wazama ukuvakashela amadolobha amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, wasungula i-ReWalk futhi wavakashela izikole nezikhungo ezihlukahlukene, ekhuluma ngaye futhi eqoqa izimali zokusiza abantu abalimele umgogodla.

Ama-Exoskeletons kuze kushintshwe izihlalo zabakhubazekile. Ngokwesibonelo, zihamba kancane ukuba umuntu okhubazekile angaweli umgwaqo ngokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zakhiwo zisanda kuhlolwa, futhi sezingakwazi ukuletha izinzuzo eziningi.

Ngaphezu kwekhono lokunqoba izithiyo nokunethezeka kwengqondo, uhlaka lwamathambo lunikeza osebenzisa isihlalo sabakhubazekile ithuba lokuhlunyeleliswa. Ukuma okuqondile kuqinisa inhliziyo, imisipha, ukujikeleza kwegazi nezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezibuthakathaka ngokuhlala kwansuku zonke.

Isikelethoni esinophawu lwenjabulo

I-Berkeley Bionics, eyaziwa ngephrojekthi yayo ye-HULC yezempi ye-exoskeleton, ehlongozwa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule indawo engaphandle kubantu abakhubazekile kubizwa nge-ELEGS (3). Kuyinto elula ukuyisebenzisa design eyenzelwe abantu abakhubazekile. Inesisindo esingu-20 kg futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-3,2 km/h. ngehora lesithupha.

Lolu cingo luklanywe ngendlela yokuthi umuntu osebenzisa isihlalo esinamasondo akwazi ukulufaka futhi abe endleleni emizuzwini embalwa nje. Zigqokwa ezingutsheni nasezicathulweni, ziboshwe nge-Velcro namabhande, afana nalawo asetshenziswa kumajosaka.

Ukuphatha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuthinta okuhunyushiwe Isilawuli sendiza ye-exoskeleton. Ukuhamba kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinduku zokukusiza ukuthi ugcine ibhalansi yakho. I-ReWalk nama-elegs aseMelika afanayo alula uma kuqhathaniswa. Kumele kuvunywe ukuthi azinikezi ukuzinza okuphelele, yingakho isidingo esishiwo sokuthembela ezindukuni. Inkampani yaseNew Zealand iREX Bionics ithathe indlela ehlukile.

4. I-Rex Bionics exoskeleton

I-REX ayakhile inesisindo esingu-38kg kodwa izinzile (4). Angakwazi ukubhekana ngisho nokuphambuka okukhulu ukusuka ekumeni okuqondile nokuma ngomlenze owodwa. Iphinde isingathwe ngendlela ehlukile. Esikhundleni sokulinganisa umzimba, umsebenzisi usebenzisa induku yokudlala encane. I-robotic exoskeleton, noma i-REX ngamafuphi, ithathe iminyaka emine ukuthuthuka futhi yaqala ukuboniswa ngoJulayi 14, 2010.

Isekelwe embonweni we-exoskeleton futhi iqukethe imilenze ye-robotic ekuvumela ukuthi usukume, uhambe, uhambe emaceleni, ujike, uncike futhi ekugcineni uhambe. Lo mnikelo owabantu abasebenzisa imikhiqizo yendabuko nsuku zonke. inqola ekhubazekile.

Umshini uthole zonke izindinganiso zendawo ezidingekayo futhi wadalwa kucatshangelwa iziphakamiso zenani lochwepheshe bokuvuselela. Ukufunda ukuhamba ngemilenze yerobhothi kuthatha amasonto amabili. Umkhiqizi wenza ukuqeqeshwa e-REX Center e-Auckland, eNew Zealand.

Ubuchopho buqala ukudlala

Muva nje, unjiniyela wase-University of Houston u-José Contreras-Vidal uhlanganise isixhumi esibonakalayo sobuchopho se-BCI ku-exoskeleton yaseNew Zealand. Ngakho esikhundleni senduku, i-REX nayo ingalawulwa umqondo womsebenzisi. Futhi, yiqiniso, lokhu akulona kuphela uhlobo lwe-exoskeleton oluvumela ukuba "lawulwe ubuchopho."

Iqembu lososayensi baseKorea nabaseJalimane lenze uhlelo olusebenzayo uhlelo lokulawula i-exoskeleton ukunyakaza kwezitho eziphansi kusetshenziswa isixhumi esibonakalayo sobuchopho esisekelwe kudivayisi ye-electroencephalographic nama-LED.

Ulwazi mayelana nalesi sixazululo - oluthembisa kakhulu ngokombono, isibonelo, abasebenzisi bezihlalo zabakhubazekile - luvele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule kujenali ekhethekile "Journal of Neural Engineering".

Uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi uye phambili, ujike kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, futhi uhlale uqinile endaweni. Umsebenzisi ubeka "ama-headphone" e-EEG ekhanda lakhe futhi athumele ama-pulses afanelekile ngenkathi egxile futhi ebheka uxhaxha lwama-LED amahlanu.

I-LED ngayinye ikhanya ngefrikhwensi ethile, futhi umuntu osebenzisa i-exoskeleton ugxila ku-LED ekhethiwe ngefrikhwensi ethile, okuholela ekufundweni kwe-EEG okuhambisanayo kwama-impulses obuchopho.

Njengoba ungase uqagele, lesi simiso sidinga ukulungiswa okuthile, kodwa, njengoba abathuthukisi beqinisekisa, sibamba ngokuphumelelayo imiqondo edingekayo kuwo wonke umsindo wobuchopho. Ngokuvamile kwakuthatha izifundo zokuhlola cishe imizuzu emihlanu ukufunda indlela yokulawula ngempumelelo i-exoskeleton enyakazisa imilenze yazo.

Ngaphandle kwama-exoskeletons.

Ama-Exoskeleton esikhundleni salokho izihlalo zabakhubazekile - lobu buchwepheshe abuzange buchume ngempela, futhi imiqondo emisha nakakhulu iyavela. Uma kungenzeka ukulawula izakhi ze-inert mechanical ngengqondo indawo engaphandlekungani-ke ungasebenzisi i-interface efana ne-BCI yemisipha engasebenzi yomuntu okhubazekile?

5. Umuntu okhubazekile uhamba neBCI ngaphandle kwe-exoskeleton.

Lesi sixazululo sachazwa ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 2015 kumagazini i-NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation Specialists evela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia e-Irvine, eholwa nguDkt An Do, yahlomisa indoda eneminyaka engu-26 ubudala ekhubazekile iminyaka emihlanu nomshayeli we-EEG. ekhanda lakhe nama-electrode athatha amandla kagesi emisipha ezungeze amadolo akhe anganyakazi (5).

Ngaphambi kokuthi aphinde asebenzise imilenze yakhe ngemva kweminyaka eminingi engakwazi ukuhamba, kusobala ukuthi kwadingeka adlule ekuqeqesheni okujwayelekile kwabantu abasebenzisa i-BCI interface. Wafunda ngokoqobo virtual. Kwadingeka futhi aqinise imisipha yemilenze ukuze asekele isisindo somzimba wakhe.

Ukwazile ukuhamba amamitha angu-3,66 nomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo, ngenxa yalokho agcina ibhalansi yakhe futhi wadlulisela esinye sesisindo somzimba wakhe. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kumangalisa futhi kuyindida, yakwazi ukulawula izitho zayo!

Ngokusho kososayensi abenze lezi zivivinyo, le nqubo, kanye nosizo lwemishini kanye ne-prosthetics, ingabuyisela ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhamba kwabantu abakhubazekile ngisho nabakhubazekile futhi inikeze ukwaneliseka okungokwengqondo okwengeziwe kunama-exoskeletons. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ukuvukela kwenqola enkulu kubonakala kuseduze.