IBrithani EMpini Yezwe II: July 1940-June 1941
Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa uMers El Kébir, umkhumbi wezempi waseFrance iBretagne (ngemuva) washaywa, izitolo zawo zezinhlamvu maduze.
kwaqhuma, umkhumbi wacwila ngokushesha. Amaphoyisa angama-977 namatilosi aseFrance afela emkhunjini.
Ngemva kokuwa kweFrance, iBrithani yazithola isesimeni esinzima. Kwakuwukuphela kwesifunda esasala silwa neJalimane, eyayidla futhi yalawula cishe lonke izwekazi: iFrance, iNetherlands, iBelgium, iLuxembourg, iDenmark, iNorway, iPoland, iCzech Republic ne-Austria. Izifundazwe ezisele zazingabambisene neJalimane (i-Italy neSlovakia) noma zagcina ukungathathi hlangothi okunozwela (iHungary, iRomania, iBulgaria, iFinland neSpain). IPortugal, Switzerland kanye neSweden babengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuhweba neJalimane, njengoba babengaba yizisulu zonya lwamaJalimane noma nini. I-USSR yavumelana neSivumelwano Sokungalwi kanye neSivumelwano Sohwebo Esihlanganyelwe, sisekela iJalimane ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto.
Phakathi nehlobo elimangalisayo lika-1940, iGreat Britain yakwazi ukuzivikela ekuhlaseleni kwezindiza zaseJalimane. Ukuhlasela komoya kwasemini kancane kancane kwaphela ngoSepthemba 1940 futhi kwaphenduka ukuhlukunyezwa kwasebusuku ngo-Okthoba 1940. Ukulungiswa okushubile kohlelo lokuvikela umoya kwaqala ukumelana ngempumelelo nemisebenzi yasebusuku ye-Luftwaffe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwaba nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwezikhali zaseBrithani, okwakusesaba ukuhlasela kwamaJalimane, amaJalimane akulahla ngempela ngo-September, kancane kancane agxila ekuhleleni bese elungiselela ukuhlasela kweSoviet Union entwasahlobo ka-1941.
I-Great Britain yathatha impi yesikhathi eside yamaholo neJalimane kwaze kwaba ukunqoba okuphelele, izwe elingakaze likungabaze. Nokho, kwakudingeka kukhethwe isu lokulwa namaJalimane. Kwakusobala ukuthi emhlabeni iBrithani yayingefani neze ne-Wehrmacht, ingasaphathwa eyokubhekana nabalingani bayo baseJalimane ngasikhathi sinye. Isimo sasibonakala simile - iJalimane ibusa izwekazi, kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlasela iGreat Britain, ngenxa yemikhawulo emkhakheni wezokuthutha amasosha kanye nokusekelwa kwezinto, ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kwezindiza kanye nenzuzo yaseBrithani olwandle.
Ukunqoba eMpini YaseBrithani kwamisa ukuhlasela kwamaJalimane eziQhingini ZaseBritish. Kodwa kwaba khona umdonsiswano ngoba iBrithani yayingenawo neze amandla okunqoba amaJalimane namaNtaliyane ezwenikazi. Pho yini okumele uyenze?
EMpini Yezwe I, iGreat Britain yasebenzisa ukuvinjelwa kwemikhumbi yasolwandle kwaba nomphumela omkhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaJalimane ayentula i-saltpeter, eyayimbiwa ikakhulukazi eChile naseNdiya, eyayibalulekile ekukhiqizeni isibhamu nama-propellants, kanye nezinye iziqhumane. Kodwa-ke, namanje phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, indlela ye-Haber ne-Bosch yokuthola i-ammonia ngokwenziwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo se-saltpeter, yasungulwa eJalimane. Ngisho nangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I, usokhemisi ongumJalimane uFritz Hofmann naye wasungula indlela yokuthola injoloba yokwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa injoloba eyayivela eNingizimu Melika. Ngawo-20, ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba yokwenziwa kwaqalwa ngezinga lezimboni, okwakwenza kwaba ukuzimela ngaphandle kwempahla yenjoloba. I-Tungsten yayithengwa kakhulu ivela ePortugal, nakuba i-United Kingdom yenza imizamo yokumisa lezi zimpahla, kuhlanganise nokuthenga ingxenye enkulu yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-tungsten yesiPutukezi. Kodwa ukuvinjelwa kwemikhumbi yasolwandle kusenengqondo, ngoba inkinga enkulu eJalimane kwakuwuwoyela.
Esinye isisombululo ukuhlasela kwamabhomu emoyeni ngokumelene nezinto ezibalulekile eJalimane. IGreat Britain kwakuyizwe lesibili ngemuva kwe-United States lapho imfundiso yokusebenza komoya eyathuthukiswa ujenene wase-Italy u-Gulio Douhet yayicace kakhulu futhi yathuthukiswa ngobuchule. Umsekeli wokuqala wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngamasu kwaba indoda eyasungula iRoyal Air Force ngo-1918 - Jikelele (RAF Marshal) uHugh M. Trenchard. Imibono yakhe yaqhutshwa nguJenene Edgar R. Ludlow-Hewitt, umkhuzi we-Bomber Command ngo-1937-1940. Ibutho elinamandla lamabhomu laliwukuqeda imboni yesitha futhi lidale izimo zokuphila ezinzima ezweni elinobutha kangangokuthi isimilo sabantu bakhona sasiyowohloka. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu ababephelelwe yithemba bazoholela ekuketulweni umbuso nasekuketulweni kweziphathimandla zombuso, njengoba kwenzeka phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kwakwethenjwa ukuthi phakathi nempi elandelayo, ukuhlasela kwamabhomu okucekela phansi izwe lesitha kwakungase kuphinde kuholele esimweni esifanayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlasela kweBrithani ngamabhomu kwaqala kancane kakhulu. Ngo-1939 nasengxenyeni yokuqala ye-1940, cishe akukho misebenzi enjalo eyenziwa, ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa okungaphumelelanga ezisekelweni zezempi zaseJalimane kanye nokukhishwa kwamapheshana e-propaganda. Isizathu kwakuwukwesaba ukuthi iJalimane izolahlekelwa yizakhamuzi, okungaholela ekuziphindiseleni kwamaJalimane ngendlela yokuqhuma kwamabhomu emadolobheni aseBrithani naseFrance. AbaseBrithani baphoqeleka ukuthi bacabangele ukukhathazeka kwesiFulentshi, ngakho bagwema ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele
ibhomu ehlaselayo.
