Abakhi Abakhulu - Ingxenye 2

Siqhubeka nendaba yabaklami nonjiniyela abadume kakhulu emlandweni wemboni yezimoto. Phakathi kokunye, uzofunda ukuthi obani “abasebenzi basegaraji” abangama-British abahlubukayo, abakha izinjini ezidumile ze-Alpha neFerrari, nokuthi ubani “uMnu Bender”. I-Hybrid".

Isimangaliso sasePoland sobuchwepheshe

UTadeusz Tanski unguyise wemoto yokuqala enkulu yasePoland.

Eqenjini labaklami bezimoto abavelele bamashumi eminyaka okuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kukhona nonjiniyela wasePoland Tadeusz Tanski (1892-1941). Ngo-1920, wakha ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu imoto yokuqala yezikhali zasePoland Ford FT-B, esekelwe ku-chassis ye-Ford T. Impumelelo yakhe enkulu kwaba I-CWS Т-1 - imoto yokuqala yasekhaya. Wayiklama ngo-1922-24.

Ubuqhawe bomhlaba obuyivelakancane nobunjiniyela kwakuwukuthi imoto yayingahlakazwa futhi ihlanganiswe ngokhiye owodwa (kwakudingeka ithuluzi elengeziwe kuphela ukuze kukhululwe amakhandlela), futhi isikhathi kanye nebhokisi lamagiya lalihlanganisa isethi yamagiya afanayo! Ifaka esakhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni injini eyisilinda ezine nevolumu engu-3 amalitha namandla angu-61 hp. enamavalvu ekhanda le-aluminium elaklanywa futhi lakhiwa nguTansky esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka. Wafa phakathi nempi, ebulawa amaJalimane ekamu lokuhlushwa lase-Auschwitz.

I-SWR T-1 kunguqulo ye-torpedo

Aston Marek

Njengoba intambo yesiPolish isivele ivele, angikwazi ukuhluleka ukusho omunye umklami onethalente ovela ezweni lakithi owenza umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu ekudingisweni e-UK. Ngo-2019 Aston Martin inqume ukwenza izifaniso ezingama-25 Imodeli DB5, umshini owaduma ngokuthi Imoto kaJames Bond eyintandokazi.

UJames Bond (Sean Connery) no-Aston Martin D

Ngaphansi kwama-hood abo, injini iyasebenza, eyaklanywa ngumuntu wakithi kuma-60s - Tadeusz Marek (1908-1982). Ngikhuluma ngenjini esezingeni eliphezulu engu-6-litre 3,7-cylinder enamandla angu-240 hp; ngaphezu kwe-DB5, ingatholakala futhi kumamodeli e-DBR2, DB4, DB6 kanye ne-DBS. Injini yesibili eyakhelwe i-Aston nguMarek 8-litre V5,3. Injini eyaziwa kakhulu Inzuzo yemodeli ye-V8, zakhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-1968 kuya ku-2000. U-Marek waqala umsebenzi wakhe e-Second Polish Republic njengomakhi e-PZInż. eWarsaw, lapho ahlanganyela khona, phakathi kwezinye izinto, emsebenzini wenjini yesithuthuthu esidumile saseSokół. Uphinde wangenela imijaho ngempumelelo.

U-Tadeusz Marek ngemuva kokuwina i-'39 Polish Rally

abasebenzi basegaraji

Ngokusobala, wawabiza ngokuthi “amagaraji” ngandlela-thile ngonya. Enzo Ferrariongakwazanga ukuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi abanye omakhenika abangaziwayo baseBrithani ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezincane futhi ngemali encane bakha izimoto eziwinayo emijahweni ngezimoto zakhe zikanokusho nezibizayo. Siyingxenye yaleli qembu UJohn Cooper, UColin Chapman, UBruce McLaren kanye nomunye wase-Australia Jack Brabham (1926-2014), owawina isicoco somhlaba Ifomula 1 ngo-1959, 1960 kanye no-1966 wayeshayela izimoto ezingokwakhe enenjini etholakala maphakathi ngemuva komshayeli. Lokhu kuhlelwa kweyunithi yamandla kwaba uguquko kwezemidlalo, futhi kwaqala UJohn Cooper (1923-2000), kulungiselelwa isizini ka-1957. Imoto yeCooper-Climax.

I-Stirling Moss ene-Cooper-Climax (No. 14)

UCooper wayengeyena umfundi okhuthele, kodwa wayenekhono lobukhenikha, ngakho lapho eneminyaka engu-15 wasebenza eshabhu likayise, ekwakheni. izimoto ezilula ze-rally. , Cooper waduma ngokushuna kwakhe okumangalisayo ethandwayo Mini, isithonjana se-60s Mini sasiyingqondo yomunye umklami odumile waseBrithani U-Alec Isigonis (1906-1988), okwathi okokuqala ngqa emotweni encane "yabantu" yabeka injini ngaphambili. Kulokhu wengeze i-suspension system eklanywe ngokukhethekile enenjoloba esikhundleni sama-springs, amasondo anezikhala ezihlukene kanye nesistimu yokuqondisa esabelayo eyenza i-karting ibe mnandi ukushayela. Kwakuyisisekelo esihle semizamo kaCooper, obonga ukuguqulwa kwakhe (injini enamandla kakhulu, amabhuleki angcono kanye nesiteringi esinembe kakhudlwana) wanikeza i-midget yaseBrithani i-vivacity ye-athletic. Le moto ibe yimpumelelo ngendlela emangalisayo kulo mdlalo eminyakeni edlule, kuhlanganisa. Ukunqoba okuthathu ku-Monte Carlo Rally ehlonishwayo.

U-Alec Issigonis phambi kwemboni yaseLongbridge e-Austin eneMini yokuqala kanye neMorris Mini Minor Deluxe entsha ngo-1965.

UMini Cooper S - owawina i-Monte Carlo Rally yango-1965

Omunye (1937-1970) owanaka kakhulu i-aerodynamicsukufaka ama-spoiler amakhulu kanye nokuzama ukwehlisa amandla. Ngeshwa, ngo-1968 washona phakathi nalezi zivivinyo, kodwa inkampani yakhe kanye nethimba lomjaho baqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe futhi basaqhubeka nokusebenza namuhla.

Eyesithathu "yegaraji" yaseBrithani yayinesiphiwo kakhulu, UColin Chapman (1928-1982), umsunguli weLotus, ayisungula ngo-1952. Korobeynik akazange agxile kukho Ama-treadmill. Wabuye wakha, futhi impumelelo yabo yahunyushelwa ngqo kwisabelomali sesitebele semijaho, esingene ezimotweni zabo kuyo yonke imijaho emikhulu nemincintiswano emhlabeni (kuFomula 1 kuphela, iTeam Lotus yawina imiqhudelwano eyisithupha yomuntu ngamunye neyisikhombisa yeqembu) . ). U-Chapman waphikisana nezitayela zesimanje, esikhundleni sokwandisa amandla, wakhetha isisindo esilula nokuphatha okuhle kakhulu. Ukuphila kwakhe konke wayelandela isimiso asisungula: “Ukwandisa amandla akho kukwenza usheshe emgqeni oqondile. Ukukhipha ngobuningi kukwenza usheshe yonke indawo." Umphumela waba izimoto ezintsha ezifana "Lotus Seven", okuyinto, ngendlela, ngaphansi brand "Caterham" namanje ekhiqizwa cishe ingashintshiwe. U-Chapman wayenesibopho hhayi kuphela kumakhenikha abo, kodwa futhi nangomklamo.

U-Colin Chapman uhalalisela umshayeli uJim Clark ngokuwina i-Dutch Grand Prix ngo-1967 ku-Lotus 49.

kanjani McLaren wayenolwazi olukhulu lwe-aerodynamics futhi wazama ukulisebenzisa ezimotweni zakhe ze-ultralight. Iklanywe nguye imoto lotus 79 waba imodeli yokuqala ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele lokho okubizwa. umthelela ongaphezulu onikeze amandla amakhulu futhi anda kakhulu isivinini sokujika. Emuva ngeminyaka yama-60s, u-Chapman wayengowokuqala ku-F1 ukusebenzisa umzimba othwala umthwalo esikhundleni sesakhiwo sohlaka esasisetshenziswa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Lesi sixazululo senza i-debut yaso kumodeli yomgwaqo we-Elite, sabe sesihamba imoto edumile iLotus 25 kusukela ngonyaka we-1962

URichard Attwood ushayela iLotus 25 ku-'65 German Grand Prix.

Injini Engcono Kakhulu ye-F1

Njengoba sikhuluma "ngezimoto zasegaraji", sekuyisikhathi sokubhala imisho embalwa mayelana nonjiniyela. I-Cosworth DFVibhekwa ngabaningi njengenjini ehamba phambili F1 izimoto emlandweni. Unjiniyela waseBrithani ovelele waba nesandla esikhulu kulo msebenzi. UKeith Duckworth (1933-2005), futhi wamsiza UMike Costin (owazalwa ngo-1929). La madoda amabili ahlangana ngesikhathi esebenza eLotus futhi, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu bethandana, basungula inkampani yabo, i-Cosworth, ngo-1958. Ngenhlanhla UColin Chapman akazange acasuke ngabo futhi ngo-1965 waqala ukusebenza ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini yemoto entsha ye-F1. 3 amalitha Injini ye-V8 ifakwe i-90-degree cylinder, ama-valve amane ayibili isilinda (-DFV), kanye umshini omusha we-lotus, Isibonelo se-49, yaklanywa nguChapman ngqo Injini Cosworth, okuyinto kulesi simiso ingxenye esekelayo ye-chassis, eyenzeka ngenxa yokuqina kwayo nokuqina kwe-block. Amandla aphezulu bekungu-400 hp. ngo-9000 rpm. okuyinto evumela ukuthuthukisa isivinini 320 km / h.

Izimoto ngale njini bawine imijaho engu-155 kwengu-262 yeFormula One abayingenele. Abashayeli abanale njini bawine i-F1 izikhathi ezingu-12, kanti abaklami abayisebenzisayo kube yibo abahamba phambili amasizini ayishumi. Iguqulelwe kuyunithi ye-turbocharged engu-1L, iphinde yawina imijaho nemiqhudelwano e-United States. Ubuye wahola amaqembu eMirage neRondeau ukuthi awine Amahora angama-2,65 eLe Mans e24 naku-1975 ngokulandelana. KuFormula 1980, yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu kuze kube maphakathi nawo-3000s.

I-Cosworth DFV nabaqambi bayo: uBill Brown, uKeith Duckworth, uMike Costin noBen Rude

Zimbalwa izinjini emlandweni wezimoto ezinomlando omude wempumelelo. Duckworth i Kostina Yebo, amanye amayunithi kagesi nawo akhiqizwa, kuhlanganisa. izithuthuthu ezinhle kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ezemidlalo zakwaFord nezimoto zomjaho: iSierra RS Cosworth kanye ne-Escort RS Cosworth.

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