Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-sprung weight kanye ne-unsprung weight?

Abalandeli bezimoto, ikakhulukazi labo abagijimayo, ngezinye izikhathi bakhuluma ngesisindo "sokuhluma" kanye "nokungaphumi" (noma isisindo). Asho ukuthini la magama?

I-spring ingxenye ye-suspension ebamba imoto futhi ivikele yona, abagibeli kanye nempahla emiphumeleni. Imoto engenazo iziphethu ibingeke ibe ntofontofo futhi ingasheshe iweke ekunyakazeni nasekuqhumeni. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izinqola ezidonswa amahhashi zisebenzisa iziphethu, futhi kusukela emuva njengeFord Model T, imithombo yensimbi yayibhekwa njengejwayelekile. Namuhla, zonke izimoto namaloli agijima emithonjeni enamaqabunga.

Kodwa uma sithi imoto "igijima" iphuma, asisho yonke imoto. Ingxenye yanoma iyiphi imoto noma iloli elisekelwe yiziphethu ubukhulu bayo obusafufusa, futhi okusele yinqwaba yayo engaphumi.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-sprung ne-unsprung

Ukuze uqonde umehluko, cabanga ngemoto eya phambili kuze kube yilapho elinye lamasondo ayo angaphambili lishaya iqhubu elikhulu ngokwanele ukuze lelo sondo likhuphuke liye phezulu emzimbeni wemoto. Kodwa njengoba isondo liya phezulu, umzimba wemoto ungase unganyakazi kakhulu noma unganyakazi nhlobo ngoba uhlukaniswa nesondo eliya phezulu ngesiphethu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu; iziphethu zingakwazi ukucindezela, okuvumela umzimba wemoto ukuba uhlale endaweni njengoba isondo liya phezulu futhi phansi ngaphansi kwalo. Nanku umehluko: umzimba wemoto nakho konke okuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile kuwo kuhluma, okungukuthi, kuhlukanisiwe namasondo ngeziphethu ezicindezelayo; amasondo, amasondo, nanoma yini exhunywe kuwo ngqo akuphumi, okusho ukuthi izipringi azibavimbeli ukuthi bangahambi uma imoto ikhuphuka noma yehla emgwaqeni.

Cishe yonke imoto evamile iyinqwaba ngenxa yokuthi cishe zonke izingxenye zayo zinamathele ngokuqinile emzimbeni. Ngaphezu komzimba ngokwawo, okuhlanganisa zonke ezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo noma ifreyimu, injini nokudlulisa, ingaphakathi kanye, yiqiniso, abagibeli kanye nempahla.

Kuthiwani ngesisindo esingaphumi? Okulandelayo akuvunyelwe:

• Шины

• Amavili

• Ama-wheel bearing namahabhu (izingxenye amasondo azungeza kuzo)

• Amayunithi amabhuleki (ezimotweni eziningi)

• Ezimotweni ezine-axle yokushayela eqhubekayo, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-axle yokushayela, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-axle (kuhlanganise nokwahlukana) kuhamba namasondo angemuva ngakho-ke akuphumi.

Akulona uhlu olude, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezine-suspension yangemuva ezimele (okungukuthi akuyona i-axle eqinile) isisindo esingaphumi siyingxenye encane yesisindo esiphelele.

Izingxenye ze-semi-sprung

Kunobunzima obubodwa: isisindo esithile sihlume kancane futhi asihlubukanga ngokwengxenye. Cabanga, isibonelo, i-shaft exhunywe ekugcineni komunye ekudluliseni, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi isondo ("i-half shaft"); lapho isondo likhuphuka futhi i-case kanye nokudluliselwa akukwenzi, umkhawulo owodwa we-shaft uhamba futhi omunye awuhambi, ngakho-ke isikhungo se-shaft siyahamba, kodwa hhayi kakhulu njengesondo. Izingxenye ezidinga ukuhamba nesondo kodwa hhayi kude zibizwa ngokuthi i-partally sprung, i-semi-sprung noma i-hybrid. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile ze-semi-sprung zihlanganisa:

• Iziphethu ngokwazo
• Ama-absorbers ashaqisayo nama-struts
• Lawula izingalo nezinye izingxenye ezimisiwe
• Ama-half shafts kanye nama-cardan shafts
• Ezinye izingxenye zesistimu yokuqondisa, njengequpha lokuqondisa

Kungani konke lokhu kunendaba? Uma ubuningi bemoto bungaphumi, kuba nzima ukugcina amathayi emgwaqeni uma ushayela phezu kwamabhampa ngoba iziphethu kumele zisebenzise amandla amaningi ukuwanyakazisa. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kufiseleka ukuthi kube nenani eliphakeme le-sprung to unsprung mass ratio, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni okufanele zibambe kahle ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngakho amaqembu emijaho anciphisa isisindo esingaphumi, ngokwesibonelo ngokusebenzisa amasondo angasindi kodwa amancane e-magnesium alloy, futhi onjiniyela bazama ukuklama ukumiswa ngesisindo esingaba khona esingahluzekile. Yingakho ezinye izimoto, ezifana 1961-75 Jaguar E, wasebenzisa amabhuleki ogibele ihabhu isondo, kodwa ngaphakathi ekupheleni shaft i-axle: konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa mass unsprung.

Qaphela ukuthi isisindo esingaphumi noma isisindo ngezinye izikhathi sididaniswa nesisindo esiphendukayo ngoba ezinye izingxenye (amasondo, amasondo, ama-brake discs amaningi) ziwela kuzo zombili izigaba futhi ngenxa yokuthi abagibeli bafuna ukunciphisa kokubili. Kodwa akufani. I-rotation mass ibukeka ngayo, yonke into edinga ukuphenduka uma imoto iya phambili, isibonelo i-steering knuckle ayiphumi kodwa ayijikelezi, kanti i-axle shaft iyazungeza kodwa ingaphumi kancane. Isisindo esincane esingaphumi sithuthukisa ukuphatha futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudonsa, kuyilapho ukunciphisa isisindo esijikelezayo kuthuthukisa ukusheshisa.