Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenjini yedizili nekaphethiloli?

Nakuba imithombo yamandla emisha efana negesi yemvelo, izimoto zikagesi eziyingxubevange kanye ne-E-85 ziya zithandwa kakhulu, izinjini eziningi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezithengiswa e-United States zisasebenzisa uphethiloli ongenantambo noma udizili. Nakuba umehluko wamakhemikhali phakathi kwalawa maphethiloli amabili ubalulekile, indlela izinjini ezisebenzisa ngayo lawa mafutha ukuze zikhiqize amandla iyafana kakhulu. Ake sihlukanise umehluko nokufana kumafutha nezinjini ukuze wenze isinqumo unolwazi mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyikhethe.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kukaphethiloli nodizili?

Empeleni, uphethiloli nodizili kutholakala ku-petroleum, kodwa zisebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza ezihlukene. Uphethiloli ongenayo i-lead ngokuvamile ucwengwa kakhulu kunodizili. Iqukethe ama-molecule ekhabhoni amaningana asukela ku-C-1 kuya ku-C-13. Ngesikhathi somlilo, uphethiloli uhlangana nomoya wenze umhwamuko bese uvutha ukhiqize amandla. Phakathi nale nqubo, ama-molecule ekhabhoni amakhulu (C-11 kuya ku-C-13) anzima kakhulu ukuwashisa, yingakho kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80 kuphela kaphethiloli asha ekamelweni lokushisa emzamweni wokuqala.

Uphethiloli we-diesel awucwengiwe kancane futhi uhluka ngosayizi ukusuka ku-C-1 kuya ku-C-25 wama-carbon molecules. Ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bamakhemikhali kaphethiloli we-diesel, izinjini zidinga ukucindezelwa okwengeziwe, inhlansi, nokushisa ukuze zishise ama-molecule amakhulu ekamelweni elivuthayo. Uphethiloli kadizili ongashile ugcina ukhishwe kusilinda njengokuthi "intuthu emnyama". Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wawabona amaloli amakhulu nezinye izimoto zikadizili zikhafula intuthu emnyama emshinini wazo wokukhipha ugesi, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bukadizili buye baba ngcono kangangokuthi buyindlela evumelana nemvelo ekhipha umoya omncane kakhulu.

Izinjini zikaphethiloli nezikadizili ziyefana kakhulu kunezihlukene

Eqinisweni, izinjini zikaphethiloli nezidizili zifana kakhulu kunalokho ezingafani. Zombili izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi eziguqula uphethiloli ube amandla ngokuvutha okulawulwayo. Amafutha nomoya kuxutshwe futhi kucindezelwe kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezinjini. Uphethiloli kumele wokhele ukuze unikeze amandla adingwa yinjini. Zombili zisebenzisa amasistimu okulawula ukungcola, okuhlanganisa nesistimu yokujikeleza kabusha kwe-EGR, ukuzama ukushisa kabusha izinhlayiya endaweni evuthayo. Bobabili baphinde basebenzisa umjovo kaphethiloli njengomthombo wabo omkhulu wokungeniswa. Ama-diesel amaningi asebenzisa ama-turbocharger ukuphoqa uphethiloli owengeziwe egunjini lomlilo ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvutha kwawo.

Uyini umehluko

Umehluko phakathi kwezinjini zikadizili nezegesi yindlela eziwubasela ngayo uphethiloli. Enjinini kaphethiloli, uphethiloli nomoya kucindezelwa ndawonye endaweni ethile emjikelezweni ngaphambi nje kokuba ipiston iphushelwe phezulu ukuze ifinyelele ipulaki le-spark. I-spark plug ithungela ingxube, yehlise ipiston futhi idlulise amandla ngokudlulisela emasondweni.

Enjinini ye-diesel, ingxube ye-air-fuel iyacindezelwa ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuvutha, okukhiqiza ukushisa okwanele ukuze kushise futhi kuthungele uphethiloli. Le nqubo ayidingi ama-spark plug. Igama elithi compression ignition lisetshenziselwa lokhu. Uma kwenzeka umphumela ofanayo enjinini yegesi, uzozwa ukuduma, okuyinkomba yokulimala okungenzeka kwenjini. Izinjini zikadizili zilinganiselwe ngomsebenzi onjalo ojwayelekile.

Amandla netorque kungenye indawo lapho izinjini ezimbili zihluka khona futhi zingaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ngezinjongo zakho. Izinjini zikadizili zenza i-torque eyengeziwe, evumela imoto ukuthi ihambe, ikakhulukazi uma ithwele kanzima, ngakho ilungele ukudonsa nokudonsa imithwalo esindayo. Izinjini zikaphethiloli zikhiqiza amandla ehhashi engeziwe, okwenza injini ijikeleze ngokushesha ukuze isheshise kangcono nesivinini esiphezulu.

Ngokuvamile, umenzi unikeza imoto efanayo kokubili uphethiloli kanye nezinjini diesel. Izinjini ezihlukene zizosebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi ziyahlukahluka ekusebenzeni kuye ngokucaciswa okuqondile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqhathanisa izingxenye bese uye ukuhlola lapho unquma ukuthi iyiphi imoto ongayithenga.