Idivayisi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwebhuleki yokupaka

Ibhuleki yokupaka (eyaziwa nangokuthi ibhuleki lesandla, noma empilweni yansuku zonke "ibhuleki lesandla") iyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawulwa kwamabhuleki emoto. Ngokungafani nohlelo olukhulu lwamabhuleki olusetshenziswa ngumshayeli ngenkathi eshayela, uhlelo lwamabhuleki okupaka lusetshenziselwa ukugcina imoto isendaweni ehlelekile, futhi lungasetshenziswa njengohlelo lwamabhuleki oluphuthumayo oluphuthumayo lapho uhlelo olukhulu lwamabhuleki luhluleka. Kule ndatshana sifunda ngedivayisi nokuthi ibhuleki yokupaka isebenza kanjani.

Imisebenzi nenhloso yokubopha ngesandla

Inhloso enkulu yebhuleki yokupaka (noma ibhuleki lesandla) ukugcina imoto isendaweni ngesikhathi sokupaka isikhathi eside. Ibuye isetshenziselwe uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kohlelo oluphambili lwamabhuleki ngesikhathi sebhuleki esiphuthumayo noma esiphuthumayo. Esimweni sokugcina, ibhuleki lesandla lisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokubhabha.

Ibhuleki lesandla liyasetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa ukushintshana okubukhali ezimotweni zemidlalo.

Ibhuleki yokupaka iqukethe i-brake actuator (imvamisa eyimishini) namabhuleki.

Izinhlobo zamabhuleki okupaka

Ngohlobo lwe-drive, ibhuleki lesandla lihlukaniswe laba:

• ngomshini;
• umfutholuketshezi;
• i-electromechanical parking brake (EPB).

Inketho yokuqala ivame kakhulu ngenxa yokulula kwayo ukwakhiwa nokuthembeka. Ukwenza kusebenze ukubopha kokupaka, vele udonse isibambo ubheke kuwe. Izintambo eziqinisiwe zizovimba amasondo futhi zinciphise isivinini. Imoto izobhuleka. Ibhuleki lesandla elibacindezela lisetshenziswa kancane kakhulu.

Ngokwendlela yokubamba ibhuleki yokupaka, kukhona:

• isinyathelo (unyawo);
• nge-lever.

Ibhuleki lesandla eliqhutshwa ngonyawo luyasetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinokuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo. Iphedali yebhuleki lesandla ngendlela enjalo itholakala endaweni yesinyathelo sokubamba.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokupaka amabhuleki ngamabhuleki:

• isigubhu;
• cam;
• isikulufa;
• maphakathi noma ukudluliswa.

Amabhuleki eDrum asebenzisa isigwedlo okuthi, lapho ikhebuli idonswa, isebenze kuma-brake pads. Lezi zokugcina zicindezelwe ngokumelene nesigubhu, futhi kwenzeka ukubopha amabhuleki.

Lapho ibhuleki eliphakathi nendawo yokupaka lisebenza, akuwona amasondo akhiyiwe, kepha yiprophela shaft.

Kukhona ne-handbrake drive kagesi, lapho i-disc brake mechanism ihlangana khona nenjini kagesi.

Idivayisi yamabhuleki okupaka

Izici eziyinhloko zebhuleki yokupaka zifaka:

• indlela eshukumisa ukubopha (i-pedal noma i-lever);
• amakhebuli, ngalinye lisebenza ohlelweni olukhulu lwamabhuleki, okuholela ekubhuleni amabhuleki.

Ekuklanyeni kwe-brake drive yebhuleki yokupaka, kusetshenziswa izintambo ezisuka kolunye ukuya koluthathu. Uhlelo lwezintambo ezintathu luthandwa kakhulu. Kufaka izintambo ezimbili zangemuva nekhebula elilodwa langaphambili. Ezokuqala zixhunywe emabhulekini, ezokugcina zixhunywe esigwedlweni.

Izintambo zixhunywe kuzakhi zebhuleki yokupaka ngezikhwama eziguquguqukayo. Emaphethelweni wezintambo, kunamantongomane okulungisa akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ubude bedrayivu. Ukususwa kubhuleki noma ekubuyisweni kwendlela endaweni yayo yoqobo kwenzeka ngenxa yentwasahlobo yokubuya etholakala kwikhebula langaphambili, isilinganisi noma ngqo kumshini wamabhuleki.

Isebenza kanjani ibhuleki yokupaka

Lo mshini ucushiwe ngokuhambisa isigwedlo endaweni eqondile kuze kube yilapho isiqhebezo sichofoza. Ngenxa yalokhu, izintambo ezicindezela amaphakethe wamabhuleki amasondo angemuva ezigqomeni ziyalulwa. Amasondo angemuva avimbekile, kwenzeka ukubopha amabhuleki.

Ukuze ususe imoto kubhuleki lesandla, kufanele ubambe inkinobho yokukhiya bese wehlisela isigwedlo endaweni yaso yokuqala.

Ukupaka amabhuleki ku-disc brake

Ngokuqondene nezimoto ezinama-disc brake, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zamabhuleki okupaka ziyasetshenziswa:

• isikulufa;
• cam;
• isigubhu.

Isikulufa sisetshenziswa kuma-disc brakes nge-piston eyodwa. Lesi sakamuva silawulwa yisikulufu esifakwe kuso. Isikulufu siyajikeleza ngenxa yesigwedlo esixhunywe ngakolunye uhlangothi ngentambo. I-piston efakiwe ingena futhi icindezele ama-brake pads ngokumelene ne-disc.

Kumshini we-cam, i-piston ishukunyiswa yi-pusher eqhutshwa ngamakhamera. Lesi sakamuva sixhunywe ngokuqinile ku-lever ngentambo. Ukuhamba kwe-pusher ne-piston kwenzeka lapho i-cam izungeza.

Ama-Drum brakes asetshenziswa kuma-multi-piston disc brakes.

Ukusebenza kwebhuleki lesandla

Ekuphetheni, sizonikeza amathiphu ambalwa wokusebenzisa ukubopha ukupaka.

Njalo hlola ukuma kwebhuleki yokupaka ngaphambi kokushayela. Akunconyelwa ukugibela ibhuleki lesandla, lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kokugqokwa nokushisa kwamapayipi amabhuleki nama-disc.

Kungenzeka yini ukubeka imoto kubhuleki lesandla ebusika? Lokhu futhi akunconyiwe. Ebusika, udaka oluneqhwa lunamathela emasondweni naseqhweni elinzima, ngisho nokuma okuncane kungamisa ama-disc brake ngamapayipi. Ukuhamba kwezimoto kuzoba nzima futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungadala umonakalo omkhulu.

Ezimotweni ezine-transmission ezenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kwemodi "yokupaka", kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ibhuleki lesandla. Okokuqala, kuzokwengeza impilo yokusebenza kwendlela yokupaka. Futhi okwesibili, izosindisa umshayeli ekuhlehlisweni okungazelelwe kwemoto esikhaleni esivalekile, nakho okungadala imiphumela emibi ngokushayisana nemoto engomakhelwane.

isiphetho

Ibhuleki yokupaka iyinto ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemoto. Ukusebenza kwayo kwandisa ukuphepha kokusebenza kwezimoto futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe njalo futhi kugcinwe le ndlela.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Hlobo luni lwamabhuleki emotweni? Kuya ngemodeli yemoto kanye nesigaba sayo. I-braking system ingaba yimishini, i-hydraulic, i-pneumatic, i-electric futhi ihlangene.

Yini eyenziwa ngamabhuleki? I-pedal yebhuleki ixhunywe ku-brake booster drive. Kuye ngohlobo lwesistimu, lokhu kungaba idrayivu kagesi, idrayivu ye-hydraulic noma idrayivu yomoya.

Hlobo luni lwamabhuleki akhona? Kuye ngenhloso yesistimu ye-brake, ingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi we-brake main, i-auxiliary (i-injini ye-braking isetshenziswa) noma yokupaka.