Isakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lwe- "start-stop"

Emadolobheni amakhulu, isiminyaminya sezimoto sesiyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabashayeli. Ngenkathi imoto isiminyene, injini iyaqhubeka nokungenzi lutho futhi idle uphethiloli. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nokukhishwa, onjiniyela bezimoto bakhe uhlelo olusha lwe- "start-stop". Abenzi bakhulume ngazwi linye ngezinzuzo zalo msebenzi. Eqinisweni, uhlelo lunezinkinga eziningi.

Umlando wohlelo lokumisa ukuqala

Lapho sibhekene nokwenyuka kwamanani kaphethiloli nodizili, udaba lokonga uphethiloli nokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo luhlala lufanelekile kubashayeli abaningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunyakaza edolobheni kuhlala kuhlotshaniswa nokuma okujwayelekile emarobhothini, imvamisa ngokulinda esiminyaminyeni sezimoto. Izibalo zithi: injini yanoma iyiphi imoto isebenza ize ifike kuma-30% wesikhathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nokukhishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emkhathini kuyaqhubeka. Inselelo yabenzi bezimoto ukuzama ukuxazulula le nkinga.

Intuthuko yokuqala yokwandisa ukusebenza kwezinjini zezimoto yaqalwa yiToyota maphakathi nama-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Njengokuzama, umenzi waqala ukufaka indlela kwenye yezinhlobo zayo ecisha imoto ngemuva kwemizuzu emibili ingasebenzi. Kepha uhlelo aluzange lubambe.

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, ukukhathazeka kweFrance iCitroen kwaqala ukusebenza idivaysi entsha ye-Start Stop, eyaqala ukufakwa kancane kancane ezimotweni zokukhiqiza. Ekuqaleni, bekufakwa kuphela izimoto ezinenjini eyi-hybrid, kepha bese ziqala ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinenjini ejwayelekile.

Imiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu itholwe nguBosh. Isistimu yokumisa ukuqala eyenziwe ngulo mkhiqizi ilula kakhulu futhi ithembeke kakhulu. Namuhla ifakwe ezimotweni zabo ngabakwaVolkswagen, BMW kanye ne-Audi. Abasunguli balo mshini bathi idivayisi inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-8%. Kodwa-ke, izibalo zangempela ziphansi kakhulu: ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo kutholakale ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuncishiswa ngama-4% kuphela ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke emadolobheni.

Abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto nabo bazenzele izitimela zabo ezihlukile futhi baqala izindlela zenjini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasistimu:

• ISG (Idle Stop & Go) от Kia;
• I-STARS (Starter Alternator Reversible System), efakwe ezimotweni zakwaMercedes naseCitroen;
• I-SISS (Smart Idle Stop System) eyenziwe yiMazda.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwedivayisi

Umsebenzi omkhulu wohlelo lwe- "start-stop" ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli, izinga lomsindo nokukhishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emkhathini ngenkathi injini iduma. Ngalezi zinhloso, kunikezwa ukuvinjelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwenjini. Isiginali yalokhu kungaba:

• ukuma ngokuphelele kwemoto;
• ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-lever yokukhetha igiya nokudedelwa kwe-clutch pedal (yezimoto ezinokudluliswa ngesandla);
• ngokucindezela isinyathelo sokubopha (sezimoto ezinokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo).

Ngenkathi injini icishiwe, yonke i-electronics yezimoto inikwe amandla yibhethri.

Ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha injini, imoto iqala ngokuthula iqhubeke nohambo.

• Ezimotweni ezithutha ngesandla, imishini iqala injini lapho isigwedlo se-clutch sicindezelekile.
• Injini ezimotweni ezine-transmission ezenzakalelayo iyaqala futhi ngemuva kokuba umshayeli esuse unyawo ebhedini.

Idivayisi yomshini we- "start-stop"

Idizayini yohlelo lwe- "start-stop" iqukethe ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kanye nedivayisi enikezela ukuqala okuningi kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Lezi zokugcina zivame ukusetshenziswa:

• ukuqala okuqinisiwe;
• i-generator eguqulwayo (i-starter-generator).

Isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-Bosh's start-stop isebenzisa isiqalo esikhethekile sempilo ende. Idivayisi ekuqaleni yayenzelwe inombolo enkulu yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi eqala futhi ifakwe indlela yokuqinisa yedrayivu, eqinisekisa ukuqala kwenjini ethembekile, esheshayo futhi ethule.

Imisebenzi ka-e-government ifaka phakathi:

• ukuma ngesikhathi esifanele nokuqala kwenjini;
• ukuqapha njalo ukushaja kwebhethri.

Ngokwesakhiwo, uhlelo luqukethe izinzwa, iyunithi yokulawula nama-actuator. Amadivayisi athumela amasiginali kuyunithi yokulawula afaka phakathi izinzwa:

• ukuzungezisa isondo;
• izinguquko ze-crankshaft;
• ngokucindezela ukubopha noma ukubamba isinyathelo;
• isikhundla sokungathathi hlangothi ekudlulisweni (kuphela ukuhanjiswa ngesandla);
• ukushaja ibhethri, njll.

Iyunithi yokulawula injini nesoftware efakwe ohlelweni lwe-start-stop isetshenziswa njengedivayisi ethola amasiginali avela kuzinzwa. Izindima zezinqubo zokuphatha zenziwa ngu:

• imijovo yohlelo lokujova;
• amakhoyili wokushisa;
• ukuqala.

Ungavumela futhi ukhubaze uhlelo lokumisa ukuqala usebenzisa inkinobho etholakala kuphaneli yensimbi noma kuzilungiselelo zemoto. Kodwa-ke, uma ukushaja kwebhethri kunganele, indlela izokhutshazwa ngokuzenzakalela. Lapho nje ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, uhlelo lokuqalisa / lokumisa injini luzoqala ukusebenza futhi.

"Start-stop" ngokululama

Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kakhulu uhlelo lokuqalisa kokumiswa nokuvuselelwa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki. Ngomthwalo osindayo enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi, i-generator iyavalwa ukonga uphethiloli. Ngesikhathi sokubamba amabhuleki, lo mshini uqala ukusebenza futhi, ngenxa yalokho ibhethri elikhokhisiwe. Yile ndlela amandla atholakala ngayo.

Isici esivelele sezinhlelo ezinjalo ukusetshenziswa kwe-generator eguqulwayo, nayo ekwazi ukusebenza njengesiqalo.

Uhlelo lokuqalisa kabusha lokuzivuselela lungasebenza lapho ukushaja kwebhethri okungenani kungama-75%.

Ubuthakathaka bentuthuko

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezisobala zokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe- "start-stop", lo mshini unezithiyo ezibalulekile okufanele zinakwe ngabanikazi bezimoto.

• Umthwalo osindayo ebhetri. Izimoto zesimanje zinenqwaba yamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, okusebenza kuwo, lapho injini imisiwe, ibhethri kufanele libe nesibopho. Umthwalo osindayo onjalo awulisizi ibhethri futhi uliqeda ngokushesha.
• Kulimaza izinjini ezine-turbocharged. Ukuvalwa njalo kwenjini ngokungazelelwe nge-turbine evuthayo akwamukelekile. Ngaphandle kokuthi izimoto zesimanje ezinama-turbine zinama-turbocharger aphethe ibhola, anciphisa kuphela ubungozi bokushisa kakhulu kwe-turbine lapho injini icishiwe ngokuzumayo, kepha ungayiqedi ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthi abanikazi bezimoto ezinjalo bakuyeke ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lwe- "start-stop".
• Injini enkulu yokugqoka. Noma imoto ingenayo i-turbine, ukuqina kwenjini okuqala kuzo zonke izitobhi kungancishiswa kakhulu.

Uma ucabanga ngazo zonke izinzuzo nezingozi zokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-start-stop, umnikazi wemoto ngamunye uzinqumela yena ukuthi kufanele yini ukonga inani elingasho lutho likaphethiloli noma ngabe kungcono ukunakekela ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwenjini, kusale ukungenzi lutho.