Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwenzwa ye-oxygen

Inzwa ye-oksijeni - ithuluzi elenzelwe ukuqopha inani le-oxygen elisele kumagesi okukhipha injini yemoto. Itholakala ohlelweni lokukhipha eduze ne-catalyst. Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholwe yi-oxygen oxygen, i-electronic engine control unit (ECU) ilungisa ukubalwa kwenani elifanele lenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya. Isilinganiso sokweqa komoya ekwakhiweni kwaso siboniswa embonini yezimoto ngohlamvu lwesiGreki i-lambda (λ), ngenxa yokuthi inzwa yathola igama lesibili - iphenyo le-lambda.

Isici somoya esingeqile λ

Ngaphambi kokuqaqa ukwakheka kwenzwa yomoya-mpilo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kwayo, kuyadingeka ukunquma ipharamitha ebalulekile njengokulingana komoya okweqile kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya: kuyini, kuthinta ini nokuthi kungani kulinganiswa inzwa.

Kumqondo wokusebenza kwe-ICE, kunomqondo onjengokuthi isilinganiso se-stoichiometric - lesi yisilinganiso esifanelekile somoya nophethiloli, lapho amandla omlilo aphelele khona egumbini lomlilo wesilinda senjini. Lena ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho kubalwa khona izindlela zokulethwa kukaphethiloli nezindlela zokusebenza zenjini. Ilingana no-14,7 kg womoya kuya ku-1 kg kaphethiloli (14,7: 1). Ngokwemvelo, inani elinjalo lenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya alingeni ngesilinda ngasikhathi sinye, liyingxenye nje ebalwa kabusha yezimo zangempela.

Isilinganiso somoya owengeziwe (λ) Ngabe isilinganiso sesilinganiso sangempela somoya ongena enjini kuya kwinani lemfundiso ethi (stoichiometric) elidingekayo lokusha okuphelele kukaphethiloli. Ngamagama alula, kungukuthi “kungakanani (okungaphansi) komoya ongene kusilinda kunalokho obekufanele ube nakho”.

Ngokuya ngenani le-λ, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya:

• λ = 1 - ingxube ye-stoichiometric;
• λ <1 - ingxube "ecebile" (ukuphuma - ukuncibilika; ukushoda - umoya);
• λ> 1 - ingxube "encikile" (okweqile - umoya; ukuntuleka - uphethiloli).

Izinjini zesimanje zingasebenza kuzo zontathu izinhlobo zenhlanganisela, kuya ngemisebenzi yamanje (uphethiloli womnotho, ukusheshisa okukhulu, ukuncipha kokuhlushwa kwezinto eziyingozi emagesi aqeda amandla). Ngokombono wamanani afanele wamandla we-injini, i-coefficient i-lambda kufanele ibe nenani elingaba ngu-0,9 (“ocebile” ingxube), ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuncane kuzohambisana nenhlanganisela ye-stoichiometric (λ = 1). Imiphumela emihle yokuhlanza amagesi wokukhipha izophinde ibonwe e-λ = 1, ngoba ukusebenza kahle kwesiguquli se-catalytic kwenzeka ngokwakhiwa kwe-stoichiometric kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya.

Inhloso yezinzwa ze-oxygen

Izinzwa ezimbili zomoya-mpilo zisetshenziswa njengokujwayelekile ezimotweni zesimanje (ngenjini ekulayini). Enye phambi kwe-catalyst (iphenyo ephezulu ye-lambda), bese kuthi eyesibili emva kwayo (iphenyo ephansi ye-lambda). Akukho mehluko ekwakhiweni kwezinzwa eziphezulu nezingezansi, zingafana, kepha zenza imisebenzi ehlukile.

Inzwa ye-oxygen engenhla noma engaphambili ithola umoya-mpilo osele kugesi wokukhipha. Ngokuya ngesiginali evela kule sensor, iyunithi yokulawula injini "iyaqonda" ukuthi hlobo luni lwengxube kaphethiloli womoya injini egijima kuyo (stoichiometric, ecebile noma encikile). Ngokuya ngokufundwa kwe-oxygenator kanye nemodi yokusebenza edingekayo, i-ECU ilungisa inani likaphethiloli elinikezwe amasilinda. Imvamisa, ukulethwa kukaphethiloli kulungiswa kuxubene nestoichiometric. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho injini ifudumala, amasiginali avela enzwa azishaywa mkhuba yinjini i-ECU ize ifinyelele ekushiseni okusebenzayo. Iphenyo ye-lambda engezansi noma engemuva isetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokulungisa ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela nokuqapha ukusebenziseka kwesiguquli se-catalytic.

Idizayini kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwenzwa ye-oxygen

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lambda probes asetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje. Ake sicabangele ukwakheka kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kokudume kakhulu kubo - inzwa ye-oxygen esekelwe ku-zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). Inzwa iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

• I-electrode engaphandle - ixhumana namagesi aqeda amandla.
• I-electrode yangaphakathi - ngokuxhumana nomoya.
• Isici sokushisa - sisetshenziselwa ukushisa inzwa ye-oxygen futhi siyilethe ekushiseni okusebenzayo ngokushesha (cishe ngo-300 ° C).
• I-electrolyte eqinile - etholakala phakathi kwama-electrode amabili (i-zirconia).
• Ezezindlu.
• I-Tip guard - inezimbobo ezikhethekile (zokufakelwa) ukuze kungene amagesi okukhipha.

Ama-electrode angaphandle nangaphakathi afakwe iplathinamu. Umgomo wokusebenza kophenyo olunje lwe-lambda lususelwa ekwenzekeni komehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezendlalelo zeplathinamu (ama-electrode), azwela emoyeni. Kwenzeka lapho i-electrolyte ifudunyezwa, lapho i-oksijeni ions ihamba ngayo isuka emoyeni womkhathi nasemoyeni wokukhipha. Amandla we-voltage kuma-electrode wezinzwa ancike ekuhlungeni kwe-oksijini emagesi aqeda amandla. Ukuphakama kwayo, kwehla amandla kagesi. Ububanzi bamandla esignali ye-oxygen yi-100 kuya ku-900 mV. Isiginali inesimo se-sinusoidal, lapho kuhlukaniswa khona izifunda ezintathu: kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-450 mV - ingxube enciphile, kusuka ku-450 kuye ku-900 mV - ingxube ecebile, i-450 mV ifana nokwakheka kwe-stoichiometric kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya.

Isisetshenziswa se-Oxygenator kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwaso

Uphenyo lwe-lambda lungenye yezinzwa ezikhathale ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ihlala ixhumana namagesi e-exhaust futhi insiza yayo ixhomeke ngqo kuzinga likaphethiloli nokusebenza kwenjini. Isibonelo, ithangi le-zirconium oxygen linomthombo wamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70-130.

Njengoba ukusebenza kwezinzwa zombili zomoya-mpilo (ngaphezulu nangaphansi) kubhekwa uhlelo lwe-OBD-II lokuhlola izinto ebhodini, uma kukhona okwehluleka, kuzobhalwa iphutha elihambisanayo, kanye nesibani sesibonisi se- “Check Engine” kuphaneli yethuluzi izokhanyisa. Kulokhu, ungathola ukungasebenzi kahle usebenzisa isithwebuli esikhethekile sokuxilonga. Kusukela kokukhethwa kukho kwesabelomali, kufanele unake i-Scan Tool Pro Black Edition.

Lesi sithwebuli esenziwe ngamaKorea sihlukile kwizifanekiselo zekhwalithi yaso ephezulu yokwakha kanye nekhono lokuthola zonke izinto nokuhlangana kwemoto, hhayi injini kuphela. Uyakwazi futhi ukulandelela ukufundwa kwazo zonke izinzwa (kufaka phakathi i-oxygen) ngesikhathi sangempela. Isithwebuli sihambisana nazo zonke izinhlelo ezithandwayo zokuxilonga futhi, ngokwazi amanani wevolumu avunyelwe, ungahlulela impilo yenzwa.

Lapho inzwa ye-oxygen isebenza kahle, isici sesiginali yi-sinusoid ejwayelekile, ekhombisa imvamisa yokushintsha okungenani kasishiyagalombili ngemizuzwana eyi-8. Uma inzwa ingekho esimeni, khona-ke ukuma kwesiginali kuzohluka kunaleyo eyisithenjwa, noma impendulo yayo ekuguqukeni kokwakhiwa kwengxube izokwehliswa kakhulu.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa ye-oxygen:

• gqoka ngesikhathi sokusebenza (inzwa "ukuguga");
• isifunda esivulekile sesici sokushisa;
• ukungcola.

Zonke lezi zinhlobo zezinkinga zingadalwa ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli esezingeni eliphansi, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukwengeza izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, ukungena kwamafutha nezinto zokuhlanza endaweni yokusebenza kwenzwa.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-oksijini:

• Inkomba yokukhanya kwesixwayiso sokungasebenzi kahle kudeshibhodi.
• Ukuphela kwamandla.
• Ukungaphenduli kahle kwe-pedal yegesi.
• Injini embi ayisebenzi.

Izinhlobo zama-lambda probes

Ngaphezu kwe-zirconia, i-titanium ne-broadband oxygen sensors nayo iyasetshenziswa.

• Titanium. Lolu hlobo lwe-oxygenator lunento ebucayi ye-titanium dioxide. Ukushisa kokusebenza kwenzwa enjalo kuqala kusuka ku-700 ° C. Ama-probe we-Titanium lambda awadingi umoya wasemkhathini, ngoba ukusebenza kwabo kususelwa ekuguqulweni kwamandla okukhipha, kuya ngokuhlushwa komoya-mpilo ku-exhaust.
• Uphenyo lwe-broadband lambda luyimodeli ethuthukisiwe. Iqukethe inzwa yesiphepho nento yokudonsa. Izinyathelo zokuqala zokuhlushwa komoya-mpilo kugesi wokuqothula, ukuqopha amandla kagesi abangelwa umehluko ongaba khona. Okulandelayo, ukufundwa kuqhathaniswa nenani lesethenjwa (i-450 mV), futhi, uma kwenzeka kunhlanhlatha, kusetshenziswa i-current, evusa umjovo we-ioni ye-oksijini emgqonyeni. Lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho umthamo ulingana nalowo owunikiwe.

Uphenyo lwe-lambda luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwezinjini, futhi ukungasebenzi kahle kwalo kungaholela ebunzimeni bokushayela futhi kubangele ukugqokwa okwengeziwe kwezinye izingxenye zezinjini. Futhi njengoba ingenakulungiswa, kufanele ithathelwe indawo ngokushesha entsha.