Ukufaka isibambisi somlilo esikhundleni se-catalyst - izimiso eziyisisekelo
Abanikazi bezimoto abaningi benza konke okusemandleni ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwezimoto zabo, balule isikhathi eziphila ngayo, futhi banciphise izindleko zokuzilungisa.
Abashayeli bavame ukubhekana nombuzo: i-catalyst noma i-flame arrester?
Ukuze ubhekane nale nkinga, udinga ukuphendula imibuzo elandelayo:
- Yini i-catalyst?
- Yini isivimbi somlilo?
- Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zabo?
Eqinisweni, abahleli bengosi ye-Vodi.su banesithakazelo esikhulu kulesi sihloko, ngakho-ke sizozama ukukuthola.
Isistimu yokukhipha imoto: isiguquli se-catalytic
Cishe abantu abaningi bayakhumbula esifundweni samakhemikhali ukuthi i-catalyst iyinto lapho ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene kuqhubeka khona ngokushesha.
Ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kukhiqiza izinto eziningi ezingcolisa umkhathi:
- i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide;
- ama-hydrocarbons, okungenye yezizathu zokwakheka kwentuthu ephawulekayo emadolobheni amakhulu;
- ama-nitrogen oxides, abangela imvula ene-asidi.
Umhwamuko wamanzi nawo ukhishwa ngobuningi. Wonke la magesi kancane kancane aholela ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Ukuze banciphise okuqukethwe kwabo ekuphumeni, banqume ukufaka ama-catalysts - uhlobo lwezihlungi zegesi ephumayo. Zixhunywe ngokuqondile exhaust manifold, ethola amagesi aphezulu okucindezela enjini, futhi lawa magesi ashisa kakhulu.
Kuyacaca ukuthi i-exhaust system ingaba nokucushwa okuhlukile, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo uhlelo lwayo lumi kanje:
- isicabucabu (i-exhaust kaningi);
- i-lambda probe - izinzwa ezikhethekile zihlaziya izinga lokushiswa kwamafutha;
- i-catalyst;
- i-lambda probe yesibili;
- i-muffler.
Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha luqhathanisa ukufundwa kwezinzwa kusukela ku-lambda probes yokuqala neyesibili. Uma zingahlukani, khona-ke i-catalyst ivalekile, ngakho Injini Yokuhlola iyakhanyisa. Enye i-catalyst nayo ingafakwa ngemuva kwe-lambda probe yesibili ukuze kuhlanzwe i-exhaust ephelele.
Isistimu enjalo iyadingeka ukuze i-exhaust ihambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo ze-European Union zokuqukethwe kwe-CO2.
Izimoto zakwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa ama-catalysts e-ceramic, zenzelwe isilinganiso samamayela ayi-100-150 ayizinkulungwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-catalyst iyavaleka, futhi amaseli ayo ayabhujiswa, futhi kuvela izinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukunciphisa amandla enjini, ukuwohloka kwamandla;
- imisindo engaphandle - ukuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokushiswa kwamafutha okuye kwavuza ku-catalyst;
- ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela nophethiloli.
Ngakho, umshayeli unesithakazelo ekuxazululeni inkinga ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa lapho efika esitolo sezingxenye zezimoto futhi ebheka amanani, imizwa ayiyona engcono kakhulu. Vumelana, akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna ukukhokha kusuka ku-300 kuya ku-2500 euros nge-catalyst eyodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba iwaranti ihlanganisa amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50-100, ungase unqatshelwe ngenxa yesizathu esingavamile - uphethiloli wokuchitheka wasekhaya osezingeni eliphansi.
Isivimbi somlilo esikhundleni se-catalyst
Imisebenzi esemqoka exazululwa ukufakwa kwesibambi somlilo:
- ukunciphisa umsindo;
- ukunciphisa amandla e-exhaust gases;
- ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa legesi.
I-flame arrester ifakwe esikhundleni se-catalyst yokuqala, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwe-CO2 ekukhipheni kukhuphuka - lokhu kuyi-drawback eyinhloko yokufakwa kwayo.
Ukuncishiswa komsindo kungenxa yezindlu ezinezingqimba ezimbili. Phakathi kwezingqimba zensimbi kukhona into emuncayo, ingaba uboya bamaminerali obuminyene obungashi. Izidingo zensimbi ziphakeme kakhulu: ungqimba lwangaphakathi kufanele lumelane nokushisa okuphezulu, ungqimba lwangaphandle kufanele lumelane nokuchayeka njalo kumswakama, ukungcola, kanye nama-anti-ice reagents, esabhala ngawo ku-Vodi.su.
Ipayipi yangaphakathi ine-perforated surface, ngenxa yokuthi amandla kanye nesivinini samagesi aphumayo aphunyuka ku-multifold exhaust acinywa. Ngakho-ke, i-flame arrester nayo yenza indima ye-resonator.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umthamo wayo uhambisane nomthamo wenjini. Uma kuncane, lokhu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi lapho injini iqalwa futhi lapho i-throttle ivuliwe, kuzozwakala i-rattle yensimbi yesici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla enjini azokwehla, futhi i-exhaust system ngokwayo izoguga ngokushesha, futhi amabhange azomane ashise.
Ungqimba lwangaphakathi lokufakwa komsindo lumunca amandla e-kinetic amagesi, ukuze lonke uhlelo lwe-exhaust lube nokudlidliza okuncane. Lokhu kubonakala kahle empilweni yayo yesevisi.
Ukukhetha i-flame arrester
Lapho uthengiswa ungathola ukukhethwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo efanayo.
Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bangaphandle, sikhetha:
- IPlatinum, i-Asmet, iFerroz eyenziwe ePoland;
- Marmittezara, Asso - Italy;
- Bosal, Walker - Belgium nabanye abaningi.
Imvamisa, abakhiqizi abaziwayo bakhiqiza izinqamuleli zomlilo zohlobo oluthile lwemoto, nakuba zikhona ezikhona emhlabeni wonke.
Izinga lentengo liyabonisa:
- I-catalyst ibiza kusuka kuma-ruble angama-5000;
- i-flame arrester - kusukela ku-1500.
Empeleni, akukho okumangazayo lapha, njengoba idivayisi ye-catalyst iyinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho isivimbeli somlilo siqukethe izingcezu ezimbili zepayipi eline-gasket ewugqinsi yezinto eziphikisayo ezibamba umsindo.
Kukhona-ke ama-fakes ashibhile asha ngokushesha, kepha awathengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu.
Okubi kuphela ukwanda kokukhishwa kwamagesi ayingozi, kodwa eRussia izindinganiso zemvelo aziqinile njengaseYurophu noma e-USA.
Iyalayisha...
