Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
IGlucose iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali esatshalaliswa kakhulu emhlabeni wezinto eziphilayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izitshalo zikhiqiza amathani alo angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngonyaka nge-photosynthesis!
Ama-molecule e-glucose nawo ayingxenye yezinhlanganisela eziningi, njenge-sucrose, isitashi, i-cellulose. I-glucose kusisombululo esinamanzi isesimweni sendandatho (ama-isomer amabili ahlukene ekucushweni) anengxube encane yefomu leketango. Womabili amafomu endandatho aguqulwa ngendlela yeketango - lesi simo sibizwa ukushintshashintsha (kusuka ku-lat. UMutare = ushintsho).
Esimweni sokulingana, okuqukethwe kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-molecule ye-glucose kungokulandelayo (ukuze kucace, ama-athomu ekhabhoni anenombolo ehambisanayo yama-athomu e-hydrogen ayakhishwa lapho kuhlangana khona amabhondi):
Okuqukethwe okuphansi kwefomu le-chain kubangela ukusabela kwe-glucose okuyisici (ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, ibuyiselwa kumafomu endandatho), isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-Trommer ne-Tollens. Kodwa lokhu akukona kuphela ukusabela okumibalabala okuhlanganisa le nhlanganisela.
Ekuhlolweni sizosebenzisa i-glucose, i-sodium hydroxide, i-NaOH, ne-methylene blue dye (isithombe 1), esetshenziswa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, njengendlela yokulungiselela i-aquarium. Engeza isisombululo se-NaOH (isithombe 2) yokugxila okufanayo namaconsi ambalwa kadayi (isithombe 3). Okuqukethwe eflaskini kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (isithombe 4), kodwa iyanyamalala ngokushesha (isithombe 5 no-6). Ngemuva kokuthuthumela, ikhambi liphenduka libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi (isithombe 7 no-8), bese ishintsha umbala futhi ngemva kwesikhashana. Inqubo ingaphinda izikhathi eziningana.
Kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuguqulwa kwe-glucose ibe yi-gluconic acid (iqembu le-aldehyde le-chain form -CHO liphenduka iqembu le-carboxyl -COOH), ngokunembile, libe usawoti we-sodium wale asidi, owakhiwe ngendlela eqinile yokusabela kwe-alkaline. I-glucose oxidation ibangelwa i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhlobo lwe-oxidized olukhishwa efomini elincishisiwe (leukoprinciples, gr. i-leukemia = mhlophe), iyahluka ngombala:
Inqubo yamanje ingamelwa kanje:
ushukela + udayi oxidized ® i-gluconic acid + udayi oncishisiwe
Ukusabela okungenhla kunesibopho sokunyamalala kombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesixazululo. Ngemuva kokugubha okuqukethwe kwe-flask, i-oxygen encibilikayo emanzini emoyeni i-oxidizes uhlobo oluncishisiwe lwedayi, ngenxa yalokho umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uvela kabusha. Inqubo iphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho i-glucose isiphelile. Ngakho-ke, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isebenza njenge-catalyst yokusabela.
Buka okwenzeka kuvidiyo:
