Bulala amagciwane ngaphandle kokucekela phansi ukudla

Ngokuphindaphindiwe abezindaba banyakaziswa amahlazo ngokudla okungcolile. Izinkulungwane zabantu emazweni asethuthukile ziyagula ngemva kokudla ukudla okungcolile, okonakele noma okonakalayo. Inani lemikhiqizo ehoxisiwe ekuthengisweni likhula njalo.

Uhlu lwezinsongo ekuphepheni kokudla, kanye nakubantu abaludlayo, lude kakhulu kunamagciwane aziwayo afana ne-salmonella, ama-noroviruses, noma lawo anedumela elibi kakhulu.

Naphezu kokuqapha kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlu lobuchwepheshe bokulondoloza ukudla, njengokwelashwa kokushisa nokufakwa ngemisebe, abantu bayaqhubeka begula futhi bebulawa ukudla okungcolile nokungenampilo.

Inselele iwukuthola izindlela ezingalawuleki ezizobulala amagciwane ayingozi kuyilapho kugcinwa ukunambitheka nokondleka. Lokhu akulula, njengoba izindlela eziningi zokubulala ama-microorganisms zivame ukululaza lezi zinombolo, zicekele phansi amavithamini, noma ziguqule ukwakheka kokudla. Ngamanye amazwi, ulethisi abilayo ungawugcina, kodwa umphumela wokupheka uzoba mpofu.

I-plasma ebandayo kanye nomfutho ophezulu wegazi

Phakathi kwezindlela eziningi zokuvala inzalo ukudla, kusukela kumamicrowave kuya emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ne-ozone, ubuchwepheshe obusha obusha buthakazelisa kakhulu: i-plasma ebandayo kanye nokucubungula umfutho ophezulu. Futhi ngeke kuzixazulule zonke izinkinga, kodwa zombili zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuvikeleka kokutholakala kokudla. Kolunye ucwaningo olwenziwa eJalimane ngo-2010, ososayensi bezokudla bakwazi ukuqeda ngaphezu kuka-20% wezinhlobo ezithile ezidala ubuthi bokudla phakathi nemizuzwana engu-99,99 ngemva kokufaka i-plasma ebandayo.

i-plasma ebandayo kuyinto esebenza kakhulu ehlanganisa ama-photon, ama-electron amahhala nama-athomu ashajiwe nama-molecule angakwazi ukuvala ama-microorganisms. Ukusabela ku-plasma nakho kukhiqiza amandla ngendlela yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, okulimaza i-DNA ye-microbial.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-plasma ebandayo

High pressure processing (HPP) inqubo yomshini ebeka ingcindezi enkulu ekudleni. Nokho, igcina ukunambitheka kwayo nokudla okunomsoco, yingakho ososayensi beyibona iyindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nama-microorganisms ekudleni okunomswakama omncane, inyama, ngisho nemifino ethile. I-HPS empeleni ingumbono wakudala. UBert Holmes Hite, umcwaningi wezolimo, waqala wabika ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusukela ngo-1899 ngesikhathi efuna izindlela zokunciphisa ukubola obisini lwenkomo. Nokho, ngesikhathi sakhe, ukufakwa okwakudingeka ezikhungweni zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi kwakunzima kakhulu futhi kubiza ukwakha.

Ososayensi abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi i-HPP iwavala kanjani amagciwane namagciwane kuyilapho ishiya ukudla kungathintwa. Bayazi ukuthi le ndlela ihlasela izibopho zamakhemikhali ezibuthakathaka ezingaba semqoka ekusebenzeni kwama-enzymes webhaktheriya namanye amaprotheni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-HPP inomphumela olinganiselwe kumabhondi e-covalent, ngakho-ke amakhemikhali athinta umbala, ukunambitheka, kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco ahlale engakathintwa. Futhi njengoba izindonga zamangqamuzana ezitshalo zinamandla kunolwelwesi lwamangqamuzana amagciwane, zibonakala zikwazi kangcono ukumelana nomfutho ophakeme.

Ukubhujiswa kwamaseli amagciwane ngokucindezela izindlela

Eminyakeni yamuva, okuthiwa "isithiyo" indlela Lothar Leistner, ohlanganisa amasu amaningi okuthuthwa kwendle ukuze abulale amagciwane amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza

Ngokusho kososayensi, indlela elula yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla iwukuba uqiniseke ukuthi akungcolisiwe, okwezinga elifanele kanye nemvelaphi eyaziwayo. Amaketanga amakhulu okuthengisa afana ne-Walmart e-US kanye ne-Carrefour eYurophu bebesebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain () ngokuhlanganiswa nezinzwa namakhodi askeniwe ukulawula inqubo yokulethwa, imvelaphi kanye nekhwalithi yokudla isikhathi esithile. Lezi zindlela zingasiza futhi ekulweni nokunciphisa ukuchithwa kokudla. Ngokombiko weBoston Consulting Group (BCG), cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,6 okudla amoshwa emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka, futhi uma kungenziwa lutho ngakho, lesi sibalo singase sikhuphuke siye ku-2030 billion ngo-2,1. ukukhiqizwa ekucubunguleni nasekugcinweni, ukucubungula nokupakisha, ukusatshalaliswa nokudayiswa, futhi ekugcineni kuphinde kuvele ngezinga elikhulu ekupheleni kokusetshenziswa. Ukulwela ukuphepha kokudla kuholela ekuncishisweni kwemfucuza. Phela, ukudla okungalinyazwa amagciwane namagciwane kukhishelwa ngaphandle kancane.

Isilinganiso sokulahlwa kokudla emhlabeni

Izindlela ezindala nezintsha zokulwela ukudla okuphephile

• Ukwelashwa kokushisa - leli qembu lihlanganisa izindlela ezisetshenziswa kabanzi, isibonelo, i-pasteurization, i.e. ukubhujiswa kwamagciwane ayingozi namaprotheni. Ububi babo ukuthi banciphisa ukunambitheka kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo kwemikhiqizo, futhi nokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu alibhubhisi wonke amagciwane.
• I-Irradiation iyindlela esetshenziswa embonini yokudla ukuze kuvezwe imikhiqizo ku-electron, x-ray noma imisebe ye-gamma ebhubhisa i-DNA, i-RNA noma ezinye izakhiwo zamakhemikhali eziyingozi ezintweni eziphilayo. Inkinga ukuthi ukungcola akukwazi ukususwa. Kukhona nokukhathazeka okuningi mayelana nemithamo yemisebe okufanele isetshenziswe abasebenzi bokudla kanye nabathengi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezingcindezi eziphezulu - le ndlela ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni ayingozi noma ibhubhise izakhiwo zamaselula zama-microbes. Ifaneleka kahle emikhiqizweni enamanzi aphansi futhi ayilimazi imikhiqizo ngokwayo. Ububi yizindleko eziphezulu zokufakwa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezicubu zokudla ezithambile. Le ndlela futhi ayizibulali ezinye izinhlamvu zebhaktheriya.
• I-plasma ebandayo iwubuchwepheshe obusathuthukiswa, isimiso sayo esingakachazwa ngokugcwele. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-oxygen radicals asebenzayo akhiwa kulezi zinqubo, ezibhubhisa amangqamuzana amancane.
• Imisebe ye-UV iyindlela esetshenziswa embonini ecekela phansi izakhi ze-DNA ne-RNA zezinto eziyingozi. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okushaywayo kutholwe kulungele kangcono ukungasebenzi kwamagciwane. Okubi yilokhu: ukushisisa ubuso bemikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuchayeka isikhathi eside, kanye nokukhathazeka ngempilo yabasebenzi emabhizinisini ezimboni lapho kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-UV.
• I-Ozonation - uhlobo lwe-oxygen allotropic oluwuketshezi noma lwegesi, i-ejenti ephumelelayo yokubulala amagciwane ebhubhisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli nezinye izakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngeshwa, i-oxidation ingehlisa izinga lokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulula ukulawula ukufana kwayo yonke inqubo.
• I-oxidation ngamakhemikhali (isb., i-hydrogen peroxide, i-peracetic acid, i-chlorine-based compounds) - esetshenziswa embonini ekufakweni kokudla, ibhubhisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli nezinye izakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo. Izinzuzo ziwukuba lula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokufakwa. Njenganoma iyiphi i-oxidation, lezi zinqubo nazo zithinta ikhwalithi yokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezisekelwe ku-chlorine zingaba ne-carcinogenic.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamaza omsakazo nama-microwaves - umphumela wamaza omsakazo ekudleni kuyisihloko sokuhlolwa kokuqala, nakuba ama-microwave (amandla aphezulu) asevele esetshenziswa kuma-oven ama-microwave. Lezi zindlela ngandlela thize ziyinhlanganisela yokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nemisebe. Uma kuphumelele, amaza omsakazo nama-microwave anganikeza ezinye izindlela ezihlukile kwezinye izindlela eziningi zokuqukatha ukudla nezindlela zokukhucululwa kwendle.