Ukunciphisa usayizi - kuyini?

Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70s, sibone inqubo lapho izinkampani zezimoto ziye zafuna ukunciphisa usayizi wokudlulisela ngenkathi zigcina ukusebenza okwaziwayo kusukela ezizukulwaneni ezindala. Ukwehlisa kuwumkhuba okulindeleke ukuthi kuphumele ekusebenzeni kwenjini ngendlela eyongayo nephumelelayo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngokunciphisa inani nomthamo wamasilinda. Njengoba imfashini yalolu hlobo lwesenzo inomkhuba omude, namuhla singakwazi ukufinyelela eziphethweni mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini futhi kube nemvelo eyengeziwe esikhundleni senjini enkulu ngencane futhi sigcine ukusebenza okulindelekile.

Uzofundani kulokhu okuthunyelwe?

• Yayiyini imibono yabaklami mayelana nokunciphisa usayizi?
• Isebenza kanjani injini encane enamasilinda amane?
• Ikuphi ukungaboni ngaso linye okuye kwavela ngenxa yokwehliswa kwabasebenzi?
• Lalingakanani izinga lokuhluleka kwamamotho amancane?

Ngikhuluma nje

Izinjini ezincishisiwe zinamasilinda amabili kuya kwamathathu, ngalinye lifinyelela ku-0,4cc. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi kufanele zibelula, zishise kancane futhi kungabizi kakhulu ukuzikhiqiza, kodwa eziningi zazo azisebenzi kahle, ziguge ngokushesha, futhi kunzima ukuthola intengo ekhangayo yalolu hlobo lomklamo. Ikhiqizwe abakhiqizi be-single and double recharging ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemojuli. Amasistimu aphumelele afaka injini engu-3 TSI engamasilinda amathathu ezimotweni ezincane zakwaVolkswagen kanye nenqola yesiteshi i-Škoda Octavia.

Kwehliswa ngani?

Kwehliselwe ku ukushintsha izinjini ezinkulu ngezincane. Kodwa-ke, ukujula komqondo wokukhishwa kwenjini kuzo zonke izimoto akulona iqiniso - injini engu-1.6, ngezinye izikhathi ebonakala incane kakhulu emotweni yebanga eliphakathi, isebenza kahle kakhulu emotweni ehlangene. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi izimoto ezinenjini enkulu enamandla basebenzisa amandla abo agcwele isikhathi esifushane kuphela futhi amandla kaphethiloli asetshenzisiwe awasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Ukuthambekela kokushayela injini ngenani elincane likaphethiloli kungenxa yezizathu zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi baye bazama iminyaka eminingi ukunciphisa amandla enjini futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuklama nokukhiqiza, ukuze umshini ukwazi ukuhamba kahle ngisho nemingcele yenjini ephansinokho, azinikezi ngaso sonke isikhathi umphumela oyifunayo.

Isebenza kanjani injini yendabuko kanye nenjini encishisiwe?

I-torque inesibopho sokwenza amandla okushayela emasondweni asekela injini kusilinda. Uma inani lamasilinda likhethwe ngokucophelela, izindleko zomlilo zizoncishiswa futhi kutholakale amandla angcono kakhulu.... Ivolumu yokusebenza efanelekile yesilinda esisodwa ngu-0,5-0,6 cm3. Ngakho-ke, amandla enjini kufanele abe kanje:

• 1,0-1,2 kumasistimu wamasilinda amabili,
• 1,5-1,8 kumasistimu angama-cylinder amathathu,
• 2,0-2,4 kumasistimu angama-cylinder amane.

Nokho, abakhiqizi abanomoya wokunciphisa bakuthola kuzuzisa. ivolumu yesilinda 0,3-0,4 cm3... Ngokombono, ukulinganisa okuncane kulindeleke ukuthi kubangele izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela?

I-torque ikhuphuka ngokulingana nosayizi wesilinda futhi isivinini sokujikeleza siyehla.ngoba izingxenye ezisindayo ezifana nenduku yokuxhuma, i-piston, nephinikhodi ye-gudgeon kunzima ukunyakaza kunezinjini ezincane. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kukhanga ukuzungeza ngokushesha kusilinda esincane, khumbula ukuthi injini yakhiwe ngokuzungezile. ngeke ihambe kahle uma ukususwa kwesilinda ngasinye kanye ne-torque kungahambisani.

Uma umthamo we-cylinder ungadluli amalitha angu-0,4, kuzodingeka ukhokhele lo mehluko ngenye indlela yokunyakaza okubushelelezi. Okwamanje i-turbocharger noma i-turbocharger ene-compressor yomshini. ivumela ukwandisa i-torque nge-rpm ephansi... Enqubweni eyaziwa njengokushaja okukodwa noma okukabili, umoya omningi uphoqeleka ungene egunjini elivuthayo futhi Injini "enomoya-mpilo" ishisa uphethiloli kahle kakhulu.... I-torque iyanda futhi amandla aphezulu ayanda, kuye ngokuthi i-rpm. Ngaphandle kwalokho umjovo oqondile okuvela ezinjinini ezinobukhulu obuncishisiwe, kuthuthukisa ukusha kwengxube yenani eliphansi likaphethiloli nomoya.

Ikuphi ukungaboni ngaso linye okuye kwavela ngenxa yokwehliswa kwabasebenzi?

Akunzima ukuthola imoto emakethe enenjini yamahhashi angaba ngu-100 kanye nevolumu engekho ngaphezu kwe-1 litre. Ngeshwa, ulwazi nabaklami besimanje kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe akuvumeli ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo. Umphumela awukhiqizi futhi empeleni, ukuphuma kwe-exhaust kukhuphuka ngokuncipha kwesitimela sokushayela. Umcabango wokuthi injini encane isho ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuncane akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele - uma izimo zokusebenza kwenjini ngokunciphisa zingezinhle, ingashisa izinjini ezingaphezu kuka-1.4... Ukucatshangelwa kwezomnotho kungaba impikiswano "evuna" icala. ukushayela okubushelelezi... Ngesitayela esinolaka, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli edolobheni kuyanda amalitha angu-22 ngebanga lika-100 km!

Izinjini ezincishisiwe ezingasindi ezinamasilinda ambalwa ngokuvamile zibiza ngaphezulu - zibiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngaphezulu uma uzithenga. Imihlomulo abayihlinzekayo isuka ku-0,4 kuya ku-1 litre kaphethiloli uma ibalwa ngamakhilomitha angu-XNUMX XNUMX wohambo.ngakho-ke mancane kakhulu ukukhulisa ukuthandwa kwalolu hlobo lwemojuli. Abashayeli abajwayele ukusebenza ngezinjini ezine-cylinder bazophinde bangaduduzeki ngenxa umsindo wamamodeli anezisilinda ezimbili nantathu, ongahlangene nenjini yakudala... Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasistimu amasilinda amabili nantathu akhiqiza ukudlidliza okuningi, ngakho umsindo uhlanekezelwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqaliswa komgomo oyinhloko wokunciphisa usayizi, okuwukunciphisa izindleko zokufaka i-refueling, ilayisha kakhulu izinjini ezincane... Ngenxa yalokho, izakhiwo ezinjalo ziguga ngokushesha okukhulu. Kanjalo, lo mkhuba wahlehliswa, njengoba kwaGeneral Motors, Volkswagen kanye neRenault bonke bememezele ukuthi bayakuqeda ukusika ngo-2016.

Ingabe zikhona izibonelo eziphumelelayo zokudiliza?

Amasilinda amancane angu-0,8-1,2, nakuba kungenjalo njalo, angaphumelela kakhulu. Izinjini ezincane zinamasilinda ambalwa ngakho-ke izingxenye ezimbalwa ezidingekayo ukushisisa izakhi zokungqubuzana.... Banenzuzo, kodwa kuphela ukushayela okusimeme. Enye inkinga ukuthi ezinye izinkinga zivela uma usayizi wamamotho wehliswa. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ukusebenza kahle nokungathenjelwa kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe zomjovo noma ukushaja okukodwa noma okukabili, okwehla ngesilinganiso sokukhula komthwalo. Ngakho-ke ingabe akhona amamotho okwehlisa okufanele uwancome? Yebo, omunye wabo ngokuqinisekile Injini eyi-three cylinder 1.0 TSI ayaziwa kuphela ngamaveni akwaVolkswagen compact, kodwa nangeSkoda Octavia enenqola yesiteshi..

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha imoto enenjini encishisiwe noma engenayo, ngokuqinisekile uyayinakekela njalo. Ungathola izingxenye zezimoto, uketshezi olusebenzayo kanye nezimonyo ezidingekayo kuwebhusayithi ethi avtotachki.com. Indlela enhle!