Umlando Omangalisayo Wamabhaluni
Lapho abantu befunda ukuthi umoya unesisindo esithile (ilitha lomoya linesisindo esingu-1,2928 g, kanti i-cubic meter cishe i-1200 g)), bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi cishe yonke into esemoyeni ilahlekelwa kakhulu njengoba inesisindo, ukukhipha umoya. Ngakho, into yayingakwazi ukuntanta emoyeni uma umoya ewuphushayo ubusinda kunayo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa ka-Archimedes, umlando ongavamile wamabhaluni waqala.
Abazalwane baseMontgolfier baziwa kakhulu kulokhu. Basizakala ngokuthi umoya ofudumele ulula kunomoya obandayo. Idome elikhulu lalithungwe ngempahla elula futhi ehlala isikhathi eside. Ibhola lalinembobo ngezansi, okwakubaswa ngaphansi kwayo umlilo, uvutha emlilweni ohlelwe esitsheni esimise okwesikebhe esixhunywe ebholeni. Ngakho-ke ibhaluni lokuqala lomoya oshisayo lafika esibhakabhakeni ngoJuni 1783. Abazalwane baphinda umzamo wabo wokundiza ophumelelayo phambi kweNkosi uLouis XVI, inkantolo kanye nezibukeli eziningi ezincane. Ebhaluni kwakunamathiselwe ikheji elinezilwane eziningana. Umbukwane wathatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, njengoba igobolondo ibhaluni lidabukile futhi, yebo, lawa, kodwa ngobumnene, ngakho-ke akekho owalimala.
Umzamo wokuqala obhaliwe wokusebenzisa imodeli yebhaluni wenziwa ngo-August 1709 nguBartolomeo Lourenço de Gusmão, umfundisi weNkosi uJohn yasePortugal.
Ngo-August 1783, izelamani zakwaRobert, zilandela iziyalezo zikaJacques Alexander Charles, zacabanga ukusebenzisa enye igesi, elula ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-14 kunomoya, ebizwa ngokuthi i-hydrogen. (Kwake kwatholakala, isibonelo, ngokuthulula i-zinc noma insimbi nge-sulfuric acid). Ngobunzima obukhulu, bagcwalisa ibhaluni nge-hydrogen futhi balikhulula ngaphandle kwabagibeli. Ibhaluni lawela ngaphandle kwaseParis, lapho abantu abaningi, bekholelwa ukuthi lalibhekene nodrako othile ongapheli, balidabula laba izingcezu ezincane.
Ngokushesha, amabhaluni, ikakhulukazi ane-hydrogen, aqala ukwakhiwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMelika. Ukufudumeza komoya akuzange kusebenze, njengoba umlilo wawuvame ukuqubuka. Kwazanywa namanye amagesi, isibonelo, igesi ekhanyayo, eyayisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa, kodwa iyingozi ngoba inobuthi futhi iqhuma kalula.
Amabhaluni ngokushesha aba ingxenye ebalulekile yemidlalo eminingi yomphakathi. Zabuye zasetshenziswa ososayensi ukutadisha izingqimba ezingenhla zomkhathi, ngisho nesihambi esisodwa (uSalomon August Andre (1854 - 1897), unjiniyela waseSweden nomhloli wamazwe we-Arctic) ngo-1896, nokho, akazange aphumelele, waya ebhaluni thola i-North Pole.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho okwavela khona okuthiwa amabhaluni okubuka, ahlome amathuluzi okuthi, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, abhalise izinga lokushisa, umswakama, njll. Lawa mabhaluni asuka aye phezulu kakhulu.
Ngokushesha, esikhundleni sesimo esiyindilinga samabhola, "amasongo" angama-oblong aqala ukusetshenziswa, njengoba amasosha aseFrance abiza amabhola alomumo. Ayehlonyiswe namaphini okuqondisa. Iphini lokuqondisa alizange lisize kakhulu ibhaluni, ngoba into ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuqondisa umoya. Nokho, ngenxa yomshini omusha, ibhaluni “lingase lichezuke” kancane lisuke lapho umoya uya khona. Onjiniyela namakhenikha bacabanga ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze ukuze balawule ukungahambi kahle komoya futhi bakwazi ukundizela kunoma iyiphi indlela. Omunye wabasunguli wayefuna ukusebenzisa izigwedlo, kodwa wazitholela ukuthi umoya awuwona amanzi futhi akunakwenzeka ukugwedla ngendlela efanele.
Umgomo owawuhlosiwe wafinyelelwa kuphela lapho izinjini eziqhutshwa ukushiswa kukaphethiloli zisungulwa futhi zisetshenziswa ezimotweni nasezindizeni. Lezi zinjini zasungulwa nguDaimler waseJalimane ngo-1890. Abantu ababili bakubo kaDaimler babefuna ukusebenzisa lesi simiso ukuze bahambise amabhaluni ngokushesha okukhulu futhi mhlawumbe ngaphandle kokucabanga. Ngeshwa, uphethiloli oqhumayo wathungela igesi futhi bafa bobabili.
Lokhu akuzange kumthene amandla omunye waseJalimane, uZeppelin. Ngo-1896, wakhiqiza ibhaluni lokuqala lomoya oshisayo, elaqanjwa ngaye ngokuthi iZeppelin. Igobolondo elikhulu lobude, elendlalwe phezu kwesikafula esilula futhi elifakwe amaphini okuqondisa, laphakamisa isikebhe esikhulu esinamanjini nophephela, njengasezindiza. AmaZeppelins athuthukiswa kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
Nakuba kwenziwa intuthuko enkulu ekwakhiweni kwamabhaluni ashisayo ngaphambi nje kweMpi Yezwe II, kwakukholelwa ukuthi ayengenalo ikusasa elihle. Kuyabiza ukwakha; ama-hangars amakhulu ayadingeka ukuze agcinwe; ukulimala kalula; ngesikhathi esifanayo ayanensa, ayavilapha ekunyakazeni. Ukushiyeka kwabo okuningi kwakuyimbangela yezinhlekelele ezivamile. Ikusasa lingelezindiza, izinto ezisindayo kunomoya ezithwalwa uphephela ophenduka ngokushesha.
